Initial development of a model of care and support for primary school children in changing familial situations: a Hong Kong hybrid case

This paper proposes an initial model for the care and support of primary school children coping with family situations and family changes. The model is built on existing counselling literature, incorporating the perceptions of teachers, children and parents on their needs for support and a small empirical study by the author on teachers' perceptions of the roles and functions of the personnel involved in supporting children in changing familial situations. In proposing the model for schools the author argues for the need for a multi‐systemic approach which emphasises involving home–school cooperation and acknowledging the unique ‘East meets West’ hybrid context in Hong Kong. The use of the model in relation to teacher education, counselling practice and research is discussed. Implications of this model for other locales having similar hybrid contexts, particularly a mix with a Chinese cultural heritage, are also discussed.     

Improving the quality of home visitation: an exploratory study of difficult situations

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to use an ecological assessment model to obtain a better understanding of difficult situations that home visitors confront when implementing home visitation services. METHOD: A mixed method study was used which included conducting focus groups to identify specific situations faced by home visitors who implement the Healthy Families America model of child abuse and neglect prevention. The results of the focus groups were used to design a survey. The survey had 91 Healthy Families home visitors rate situations according to frequency and difficulty. RESULTS: The results revealed that situations that were ranked most difficult included working with families where there are limited resources, where family mental illness is present (e.g., threatening suicide), where there is substance use in the home, and where families are unmotivated. A factor analysis of the situations produced five factors that reflect the difficulty of doing home visitation: having a lack of clinical skill, addressing family difficulties, addressing parenting difficulties, resolving personal difficulties, and having a lack of experience. CONCLUSION: The situations identified in this study can assist in developing the competencies needed by home visitors. The factor analysis results can be conceptualized into an inventory for staff supervision, with workers completing the inventory to identify individual areas of training needs.     

Modelling Opportunity Recognition Competence as a Foundation for Teaching and Learning in Vocational Education

Due to tremendous worldwide changes, the entrepreneurial imperative demands innovation. Therefore, companies as well as employees require innovative thinking and acting skills to cope with modern challenges. Opportunity Recognition represents the starting point for such entrepreneurial endeavours. Hence, this paper focuses on modelling Opportunity Recognition as well as the development of an Opportunity Recognition competence model as the foundation for teaching and learning in vocational education. Building on vocational situations that trigger innovations (opportunities) and the necessary competence facets that are needed to apply competent vocational behaviour in such situations (Opportunity Recognition), we conduct a systematic literature review and develop a comprehensive Opportunity Recognition competence model. We thereby link the found vocational situations (opportunities) with the found more abstract and latent competence facets of Opportunity Recognition and operationalise them by more observable indicators, which can be construed as evidence for the latent construct and related to successful performance in associated vocational situations. This modelling procedure of “evidence-based reasoning” allows inferences from the observed behaviour to the underlying, although not directly observable, Opportunity Recognition competence. The resulting Opportunity Recognition competence model may serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based curricular goals for vocational education through both instruction and assessment.     

关于大学英语师资培训模式的探讨

我国大学英语师资面临专业与职业发展的需求,有多方面的问题亟需解决.我国师资的现状表明应该采取在职师资培训方式,在校本培训方式的基础上整合教师的自我形成性评价及学校层面的过程性跟踪、监督和激励,从教师,教研室,学校多个层面提供不同的师资教育和提升渠道,才能解决现有大学英语师资所面临的各种矛盾与问题.     

相干否定与经典否定

在情境中使用的否定,是相干否定;在世界中使用的否定,是经典否定.我首先给定了两个逻辑,一个是信息的基础相干逻辑L1,另一个是与L1联系紧密的逻辑系L2.其中,L2被同时包含世界和情境两者的类模型所刻画.当我们只考虑某个L2模型中包含情境的部分(连同可达关系,不相容关系,以及可分辨情境的集合)时,我们将得到一个L1的模型结构.在给定了一些关联L1的模型结构与可能世界的直觉条件后,我们得到了一类特殊的模型--被这类模型刻画的逻辑可以合理地将相干否定与经典否定关联,并且允许我们认为此二者是相容的.在这篇文章中,我首先给定了一个简单的信息逻辑--一个非常弱的相干逻辑.然后,我尝试对其中的命题联结词的真值条件使用经典的处理.以上处理我分两步完成.首先,使用Routley-Meyer的语义以及相关的信息解释.然后,我给出了另一个能够整合环境(或情境)与可能世界之间关系的逻辑.这一关系,可以理解为信息与真之间的形而上的关联.在文章的最后,我将指出在在相干逻辑中整合经典否定的好处.     

Developing Students’ Reflections on the Function and Status of Mathematical Modeling in Different Scientific Practices: History as a Provider of Cases

Mathematical models and mathematical modeling play different roles in the different areas and problems in which they are used. The function and status of mathematical modeling and models in the different areas depend on the scientific practice as well as the underlying philosophical and theoretical position held by the modeler(s) and the practitioners in the extra-mathematical domain. For students to experience the significance of different scientific practices and cultures for the function and status of mathematical modeling in other sciences, students need to be placed in didactical situations where such differences are exposed and made into explicit objects of their reflections. It can be difficult to create such situations in the teaching of contemporary science in which modeling is part of the culture. In this paper we show how history can serve as a means for students to be engaged in situations in which they can experience and be challenged to reflect upon and criticize, the use of modeling and the significance of the context for the function and status of modeling and models in scientific practices. We present Nicolas Rashevsky’s model of cell division from the 1930s together with a discussion of disagreement between him and some biologists as one such episode from the past. We illustrate how a group of science students at Roskilde University, through their work with this historical case, experienced that different scientific cultures have different opinions of the value of a model as an instrument for gaining scientific knowledge; that the explanatory power of a model is linked not only to the context of its use, but also to the underlying philosophical and theoretical position held by the modeler(s) and the scientists discussing the model and its use. The episode’s potential to challenge students to reflect upon and criticize the modeling process and the function of models in an extra mathematical domain is discussed with respect to the notions of internal and external reflections.     

SCHEDULE ARRANGEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE FILE TRANSFER NETWORK

ＳＣＨＥＤＵＬＥＡＲＲＡＮＧＥＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＦＩＬＥＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＮＥＴＷＯＲＫ（潘建平）；ＸｉｅＪｕｎｑｉｎｇ（谢俊清）；ＺｈａｎｇＸｕｅｍｅｉ（张雪梅）ＦａｃｕｌｔｙＡｄｖｉｓｏｒ：ＤｅｎｇＪｉａｎｍｉｎｇ（邓...     

论基于工作任务导向的高职英语翻译教材编写模式

随着高职高专职业教育模式的改革,我国正在大力发展具有中国特色职业教育模式。当前基于工作过程任务导向的职业学习领域课程开发方法越来越受到重视。本文通过对高职高专英语翻译人才培养的课程设置分析,提出以实际工作情境为主,以任务导向为驱动,构建以学生为中心的立体互动教学评估体系的翻译教材编写模式。     

改进教学方法 提高教学效果——高校“形势与政策”课教学改革的探索

针对当前“形势与政策”课教学方法存在的问题,文章着重对“形势与政策”课教学模式、实践教学、教学手段、考试形式等进行了研究和探索,为提高“形势与政策”课的教学效果提出了一条行之有效的方法。     

英语完成体与情景的界——兼论意义的结构化

用于完成体的情景具有不同的结构,完成体会表现出不同的量化特征。影响这种量化特征的因素主要是作为情景构成要素的事件与状态的数量和组合方式。根据这一特征,情景类型可以分为双界情景、单界情景、虚界情景和无界情景。这四种情景类型对完成体量化方式的具体影响各有不同。     

线性混合模型中固定效应参数的几类估计

文中首先将随机效应不同的线性混合模型转化为满足假设的线性模型.在此基础上,根据不同的情况,对其中的固定效应参数作最小二乘估计;当模型在较强的复共线性时,相应的对其做岭估计,并比较最小二乘估计与岭估计之间的优劣;当其中的随机变量之间并不独立时,通过对模型的变换,求出参数的广义最小二乘估计.     

Between safety and risk: A model for outdoor adventure decision making

The quality of outdoor leadership is an important factor in providing safe and enjoyable adventure education experiences for participants. A framework model of outdoor adventure decision making is described and proposes ongoing decisions by expert leaders is about finding an ideal balance of challenge (the interaction of risk and competence). The model draws on naturalistic decision making (NDM) processes and emphasises the importance of situational recognition and prior experience as the basis for sound decision making. The complexity of the socio-cultural environment is recognised with key information being drawn by the leader from the natural environment, people and goals. The model predicts that if situations of over or under-challenge exist then steps are taken to increase or reduce the challenge level accordingly. Failure to recognise or act on critical information leads to crisis situations. Two case studies are presented in support of the model.     

Training for reflective expertise: A four-component instructional design model for complex cognitive skills

This article presents a four-component instructional design model for the training of complex cognitive skills. In the analysis phase, the skill is decomposed into a set of recurrent skills that remain consistent over problem situations and a set of nonrecurrent skills that require variable performance over situations. In the design phase, two components relate to the design of practice; they pertain to the conditions under which practice leads either to rule automation during the performance of recurrent skills or to schema acquisition during the performance of nonrecurrent skills. The other two components relate to the design of information presentation; they pertain to the presentation of information that supports the performance of either recurrent or nonrecurrent skills. The basic prediction of the model is that its application leads to “reflective expertise” and increased performance on transfer tasks. Applications of the model that support this prediction are briefly discussed for the training of fault management in process industry, computer programming, and statistical analysis.     

高职院校数据结构课程教学研究

根据数据结构课程的特点以及学生学习的状况,分析这门课程在教学实践中存在的种种问题,提出一系列的改革设想,探索构建教学模式、实施教学过程、提高教学质量的方法.     

Long-term development of learning activity: Motivational,cognitive, and social interaction

Recent research on school learning has dealt only with cognitive aspects of the student activity. However, in typical learning and performance situations, the student is expected to cope with complex social and emotional challenges. We developed a theoretical model that describes typical patterns of coping strategies that students use in school situations. The dominating tendency of some students in school situations is task orientation. Such students are oriented to interpret and fulfill the demands of learning tasks. In contrast, other students are sensitive to the threat of failure and show ego-oriented coping strategies. A third group of students relies on social-dependence coping. Orientation tendencies originate in classroom situations, but are then continuously reproduced and reinforced in similar teaching interactions. A multimethod approach was used to test this theoretical model. Longitudinal case studies have demonstrated the cumulation and reinforcement processes of coping tendencies in teaching interactions. Classroom interaction studies have provided evidence of the strong interaction between cognitive processes and socioemotional orientation. Finally, intervention studies have shown that, to improve the use of cognitive strategies, coping strategies also have to be changed.     

Decision-process behaviors of academic managers

Identifying decision processes which academic managers prefer was the focus of this study. Sixty-eight division chairpersons in a community college system, 10 in a 4-year college, and 29 in a university were questioned about 30 problem situations. Chairpersons usually selected consultative decision-process styles which encourage faculty participation. These consultative decision styles are protective of the quality of decision outcomes. However, faculty acceptance and commitment to decision alternatives often was a threat. Participation was not used in problem situations as a means to resolving conflicts. The Vroom-Yetton decision model was helpful in identifying strengths and weaknesses of decision behaviors of chairpersons.     

Between safety and risk: A model for outdoor adventure decision making

Abstract

The quality of outdoor leadership is an important factor in providing safe and enjoyable adventure education experiences for participants. A framework model of outdoor adventure decision making is described and proposes ongoing decisions by expert leaders is about finding an ideal balance of challenge (the interaction of risk and competence). The model draws on naturalistic decision making (NDM) processes and emphasises the importance of situational recognition and prior experience as the basis for sound decision making. The complexity of the socio-cultural environment is recognised with key information being drawn by the leader from the natural environment, people and goals. The model predicts that if situations of over or under-challenge exist then steps are taken to increase or reduce the challenge level accordingly. Failure to recognise or act on critical information leads to crisis situations. Two case studies are presented in support of the model.     

Developing Questioning Effectiveness in Counseling

A model based on a hierarchy of questioning skills in counseling situations was developed to facilitate training of counseling students. This model is designed to help counseling students understand the impact of their questions on clients using the various stages in the counseling process as a framework. It is based on a synthesis of current theoretical views on the role and effects of questions in the counseling process. The model helps to identify question types and to assess their effectiveness along a continuum. Implications concerning the mechanisms through which effective questions can be taught are discussed in terms of present theoretical assumptions and the need for developing empirical support for the model.     

Integrating the epistemic and ontological aspects of content knowledge in science teaching and learning

A study has been made of how physics problems are attempted by school and by university students, in both examination and tutorial situations. The performance of the students is interpreted within the framework of a psychological model of learning which incorporates working memory capacity and disembedding ability. The implications of the results for teaching and for setting problems is emphasized, in that the same question in different forms may be testing different skills.