对我国高校体育管理重点与管理方法的初步探讨

对我国高校体育管理重点与管理方法的初步探讨新乡医学院姬成茂，付兰英，王翠芳目前我国高校的体育教育工作普遍存在“加强管理”的问题，本文主要对我国高校体育管理重点、方法等进行初步探讨。一、高校体育教育工作的主要任务组织好体育教学，不断提高教学质量，包括育...     

普通高校体育教学质量监控体系的构建与实践

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和教学实验法等方法,从理论与实践两个层面研究高校体育教学质量的管理和监控,旨在引起有关部门和高校体育工作者对体育教学质量的进一步关注。研究表明:教学质量管理始终伴随着教学质量的监控,科学、全方位的教学质量监控是提高体育教学质量的重要保证。以“制度、组织、评估、服务、反馈”五大子系统组成的高校体育教学质量监控体系通过教学质量管理平台的具体实施,能有效地提高体育教学质量。     

运用ISO9000标准质量管理原则构建普通高校体育教学质量管理体系的探讨

通过对ISO9000标准的质量管理原则和高校体育教学特点的分析,对普通高校借鉴ISO9000标准构建体育教学质量管理体系的可行性进行探讨,以期为提高高校体育教学质量管理提供新的途径.     

浅谈我国高校体育管理创新的理性探寻

高校体育科学管理是搞好体育各项工作的关键,也是进一步了解高校体育教学内容、提高体育教学质量、培养优秀人才的重要保证.本文从高校体育管理实际出发,依据高校体育发展的规律,对高校体育管理创新进行了理性探寻,提出了几点个人的建议和观点,供大家参考指正.     

高校扩招后体育教学质量下降的原因分析及对策

运用综合研究方法，对扩大招生后广西10所高校体育教学情况进行了问卷调查，并对调查结果进行相关分析。发现影响体育教学质量的主要因素为运动场地、设施；师资力量；生源质量；教学管理水平。提出：加大体育经费投入，改善运动场地、设施；加强体育师资的建设与管理；因材施教，实施学分制；提高体育教学的管理水平。制定科学的教学质量评估体系，是稳定和提高体育教学质量的重要举措。     

大学体育教学质量监控体系的构建研究

高等教育的大众化进一步加强了高校对大学体育教学质量的重视,建立科学的高校内部体育教学质量监控体系是提高体育教学质量的有效途径。通过研究旨在摸索一套高效、可行的教学质量监控体系。     

高校体育教学改革的六点思路

高校体育教学改革的六点思路●任晋军如何改革高校体育教学，提高高校体育教学质量，使学生树立正确的体育观，养成良好的运动习惯，配合全民健身，为终身体育奠定基础，是摆在每一位高校体育工作者面前的新课题。通过近几年在教学改革实践中不断探索，我认为高校体育教学...     

构建高校公共体育课教学质量保障评估指标体系的研究

不断提高教学质量是高等教育改革的一个核心目标 ,如何维持与提高高校体育教学质量是高校体育面临的一个十分紧迫的课题 ,本文探讨了高校公共体育课教学质量保障体系问题 ,提出构建高校公共体育课教学质量保障评估指标体系 ,并对体系中的各个因素进行初步探讨与分析 ,为提高高校体育教育改革提供理论依据与实践思路。     

普通高校体育教学管理和评估体系的改革

建立健全的体育教学质量监控管理机制和评价指标体系，是提高体育教学质量的重要环节，也是体育教学改革面临的重要而又紧迫的问题。论述了普通高校体育教学质量评估的原则、监控与运行机制、体系构建等，以促进高校体育教学管理水平的提高。     

运用ISO构建高校体育俱乐部教学质量管理体系的研究

运用文献资料法、归纳演绎法、综合分析法等,以ISO质量标准相关知识和高校体育俱乐部教学模式特征为理论基础,分析了在高校体育俱乐部教学质量管理中引入ISO质量标准的必要性和可行性,界定了高校体育俱乐部教学质量管理中"产品"和"顾客"的概念。运用ISO质量标准,从管理职责、资源管理、体育教学产品实现和质量监控四个方面对高校体育俱乐部教学质量管理体系构建进行分析。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.