我国农民专业合作社融资问题研究述评

国内关于农民专业合作社融资问题的研究主要围绕合作社融资特征、融资模式、融资存在的问题、问题成因、融资路径拓展等方面展开,为深刻认识现代农业发展规律提供了较为丰富的理论成果。后续研究需要注重构建农民专业合作社风险评估机制及新型农业担保与保险体系、农村资金互助社与农民专业合作社内部资金互助组织之间的关系、政策性金融与商业性金融如何发挥合力、合作社融资可获得性实证检验等理论和实践问题研究。     

大户领办型农民专业合作社研究——以箬横西瓜合作社为例

该文以浙江温岭市箬横西瓜合作社为案例,分析了该合作社的产生背景、运行机制、绩效以及获得的经验与启示。研究结果表明:农民的专业化、规模化与商品化经营是农民专业合作社发展的内在动力;各级政府部门的扶持是农民专业合作社发展的重要外部条件;能干的经营班子是农民专业合作社发展的关键;完善的规章制度是农民专业合作社稳定发展的保障;使社员受益是农民专业合作社吸引农户参与的根本手段;提高合作社的市场竞争力是农民专业合作社持续发展的保证。     

湘西民族地区发展农民专业合作社的思考——基于湘西州永顺县王村水产养殖协会的调查

本文分析了湘西民族地区农民专业合作社发展的现状和特点,探讨了在新的历史条件下湘西民族地区发展农民专业合作社的途径提高农民对专业合作社的认识、解决融资难的问题、完善农民专业合作社内部制度、加快制定发展农民专业合作社的相关办法、加强政策扶持.     

广西蔬菜专业合作社让销售插上“翅膀”

南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社（简称昌盛合作社）于2007年8月3日成立,这是南宁第一家农民专业合作社,也是全区最大的农民专业合作社。合作社的发展情况如何？带着这个问题,记者赴那马镇进行采访。     

湘西民族地区发展农民专业合作社的思考——基于湘西州永顺县王村水产养殖协会的调查

本文分析了湘西民族地区农民专业合作社发展的现状和特点，探讨了在新的历史条件下湘西民族地区发展农民专业合作社的途径：提高农民对专业合作社的认识、解决融资难的问题、完善农民专业合作社内部制度、加快制定发展农民专业合作社的相关办法、加强政策扶持。     

农民专业合作社助推农民持续增收的思考——以桂阳县仙联烤烟专业合作社发展为例

专业合作社是新时期加快推进现代农业专业化服务的重要载体,是现代农业建设的必由之路。笔者通过对桂阳县仙联烤烟专业合作社的基本情况进行调查研究,分析了桂阳发展农民专业合作社所存在的问题和难点,并在此基础上提出了推进农民专业合作社建设的基本思路和主要措施。     

驾驭“两架马车” 助推农村经济发展——对武隆县发展农技协和农民专业合作社的调研

重庆市武隆县在大力发展农村专业技术协会（以下简称“农技协”）和农民专业合作社（以下简称“合作社”）中,把农技协和合作社作为助推农户万元增收、脱贫致富的重要抓手,实现了农技协和农民专业合作社“‘两个轮子’齐转动、‘两架马车’一起跑”的新格局,有力助推了全县农村经济持续健康发展。     

关于构建我国农民专业合作社教育体系的思考

在我国将进入快速发展时期,农民专业合作社教育的缺乏与滞后日益凸显出来.通过对我国构建合作社教育体系的必要性、目标和途径的分析,提出了在我国构建包含学历教育、职业教育和培训、农村基础教育等多层次、广泛覆盖农村地区的合作社教育体系的设想.     

论基层政府在农民专业合作社建设及发展过程中的责任

在各级政府的宣传引导和发动下,农民专业合作社发展迅速,合作社成员增收较明显。但专业合作社处于发展的初级阶段,很难参与市场竞争,仍面临着许多自身无法解决的问题和制约因素,这些问题和制约因素在很大程度上与各级基层政府行为的缺失有关联。因此,在这里有必要探讨基层政府在农民专业合作社建设和发展中的责任。     

遵义市汇川区农民专业合作社的调查

农民专业合作社是在农村家庭承包基础上,同类农产品的生产经营者或者同类农业生产经营服务的提供者、利用者、自愿联合、民主管理的互助性经济组织。2007年7月1日,《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》（以下简称《合作社法》）正式施行,为农民专业合作社的发展确立了规范的法律依据。在党的政策的鼓舞和各级领导的重视下,遵义市汇川区农民专业合作社近两年得到了迅速发展。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence