加拿大高校学生学习成果评估的内容、方法及启示

作为全球第二个实现高等教育普及化的高等教育强国,加拿大高校学生学习成果评估体系富有特色:在评估内容方面,构建起了高等教育系统、院校以及学科(专业)等不同层面的学生学习成果体系;在评估方法方面,形成了由标准化测试、评价量规、表现性评估以及问卷调查等四种类型构成的多元化学生学习成果评估方法体系。其对我国的启示是:构建和完善高校学生学习成果评估的内容体系,为学生学习成果评估奠定共识基础;开发多元化的学生学习成果评估方法与工具,提高评估活动的科学性;加强以结果为导向的评估制度建设,促使学习成果评估常态化。     

Damage assessment,repair and field test of steel lattice shell after fire

A real case of a steel lattice shell suffering a fire was studied. Based on the theory of field modeling, fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was used to identify the temperature field. The damage mechanism of the structure was determined by FEM analysis. After damage assessment, the shell was repaired with the pipe-encasement method. Finally, field test was employed to check the capacity of the structure after repair. The numerical study results indicate that the damage assessment agrees well with field inspection, verifying the accuracy of fire numerical simulation and FEM analysis. The field test results prove that the pipe-encasement method is secure and reasonable, and the repaired shell is safe.     

美国“学生学习成果评估”研究评析

1980年代评估运动以来,随着学生学习成果评估在美国高等教育领域的开展,学界对这一质量保障方式的理论研究也日益丰富。研究内容主要包括学生学习成果评估相关概念的界定、学生学习成果评估的历史演进、学生学习成果评估的运行机制、学生学习成果评估的理念之争等四个方面。美国现有的学生学习成果评估研究的成果可谓卷帙浩繁,但相关理论探讨和实践摸索依旧在路上。这一方面说明学生学习成果评估正走向专业化、科学化,另一方面也说明学生学习成果评估实践为理论研究提供了丰富的研究资源。     

Bases of competence: an instrument for self and institutional assessment

The Bases of Competence model provides a general framework for learner‐centred skill development and programme‐focused outcomes assessment. Based on previous research, the Bases of Competence model describes 17 skills and four base competencies important to graduates to achieve high performance in the workplace. Taking this work from research to relevant educational application as a tool for student self‐assessment and institutional outcomes assessment is the focus of this paper. Results from a multi‐year, multi‐course assessment initiative indicate that students rate themselves stronger in the foundation base competencies of Communicating and Managing Self, and weaker in more complex competencies of Managing People and Tasks and Mobilising Innovation and Change. Comparisons of skill confidence within each base competence as well as between year, student level, gender and beginning versus end of semester are presented as well. These results are discussed and suggestions made for programme design.     

Outcomes Assessment in Higher Education: Challenges and Future Research in the Context of Voluntary System of Accountability

Higher education institutions are becoming increasingly accountable to stakeholders at many levels as the federal government, accrediting organizations, and the public place a stronger emphasis on student learning outcomes. Evidence of student learning that is comparable across institutions is of urgent demand. Various accountability initiatives such as the Voluntary System of Accountability (VSA) mark a milestone in the evaluation of instructional effectiveness of higher education using standardized outcomes assessment. Although the current accountability initiatives hold great potential in evaluating institutional effectiveness, some design and methodological issues need to be addressed before outcomes assessment can be best utilized. In this paper, I (a) review the need for outcomes assessment in higher education, (b) discuss the VSA initiative, (c) summarize the most prominent challenges facing outcomes assessment for accountability purposes, and (d) discuss future directions of research in advancing accountability assessment in higher education.     

Underemployment and employment among young workers and the business cycle in Spain: the importance of education level and specialisation

The objective of this paper is to identify the effect of education on young workers’ time-related underemployment as well as analysing whether education has been a defence mechanism against the recent crisis. Especially relevant is the analysis regarding field of study, which has not been addressed in the underemployment literature. Using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey 2006–2014, bivariate probit selection models are estimated for three different periods. This methodology enables to analyse the evolution of underemployment among young people, simultaneously considering their probability of employment. The results indicate that underemployment is negatively related to education level for each period and tertiary education has smoothed the negative effect of the recession. Moreover, those specialisations that provide students with specific and work-oriented skills (sciences, technology and health) help workers avoid underemployment and enable them to handle the recession better. Conversely, more generally oriented fields (education, and arts and humanities) are associated with a higher probability of underemployment. Similar patterns have been found regarding unemployment, indicating education plays a similar role in both working time shortages.     

Let's get beyond community and practice: the many meanings of learning by participating

This article is an attempt to tease out what is so often termed learning through participation. Drawing on the analysis undertaken by the Learning Outcomes Thematic Group, the use of the participation metaphor in TLRP projects is discussed. The conclusion arrived at is that its use appears mainly to focus on behaviour and engagement in practices. After looking at the cognitive potential to be found in both cultural psychology and in the work that has its origins in interactionism and developmental psychology, the article cautions against simply seeing participation as another way of looking at behaviour and how it is shaped by context. It calls for a recognition of the cognitive elements in socio-cultural and activity theory frameworks and their capacity to explain how we learn new practices. It argues that a focus on coming to know or sense making requires a discursive shift that allows a rethinking of what is meant by acquisition. The implications of these frameworks for assessment are also touched upon.     

校企联合,探索ERP综合实验中心建设的新模式

高等教育顺应市场是立足并得以发展的根本。文章探索了把企业搬进课堂，校企合作，共建ERP综合实验中心，创建仿真的教学环境，模拟企业职能岗位，开展研究式和体验式互动教学等创新人才培养模式。     

Quality of learning outcomes in an online video-based learning community: potential and challenges for student teachers

This study investigates the learning outcomes of 25 student teachers in an online video-based learning community (VBLC). Data were drawn from the student teachers' written comments and feedback recorded in the VBLC and the post-course interviews. Based on Biggs and Collis's Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy, the majority of comments and feedback were classified as uni-structural, but more sophisticated responses could also be found. The interviews revealed that the student teachers benefited from the opportunities of peer interaction and self-reflection. The study thus makes suggestions for further improvement of the operation of the VBLC.     

Behind the acquisition metaphor: conceptions of learning and learning outcomes in TLRP school-based projects

Using Sfard's distinction between acquisition and participation metaphors as an organizing principle, the twelve school-based projects within the TLRP programme were overwhelmingly judged by the Learning Outcomes Thematic Group as belonging to the acquisition metaphor. In essence, this article advances the initial analyses in two directions: (1) it reconsiders the projects from the point of view of conceptions of learning rather than metaphor and (2) it analyses outcomes from the point of view of a distinction that is particularly pertinent to notions of acquisition and participation—knowing that v. knowing how. The reason is simple—to keep the spotlight on the widest range of learning and learning outcomes that is being researched in the programme and to avoid blurring differences that might be important for curriculum planners, for teachers and for assessment. In the final section, some general implications for assessment in classrooms are briefly discussed.     

风景区旅游景点的综合评判及最优旅游路线的选择

旅游景点的评价及旅游线路的选择,是旅游行业的一项基础性工作.文中在分析前人工作的基础上提出了一种新的基于模糊数学的综合评价方法和选线方法,从而使旅游景点评判与选线过程更加客观、更加科学.并以厦门市为例进行实证研究,结果表明这种方法是可行的.文章提出的方法可以编成相应的软件推广应用.     

高师体育专业田径娱乐化教学思考

田径运动的娱乐性、休闲性是在新的历史文化背景下,对田径运动内涵赋予的新的功能和使命,以竞技田径各单项运动技术的学习,一直是高师体育教育专业的田径教学的主要内容,新的历史条件下,田径运动娱乐、休闲教学已成为高师体育教育专业田径教学改革和发展的方向.     

Making the aural presentation of examination papers student friendly: an alternative to a reader in examinations

Where a student can benefit from having an examination paper presented aurally, the traditional method is to provide a reader. This can be socially uncomfortable for students, and offers of readers are frequently declined. A trial is reported in which examinations were presented on an Apple iPod. This is a medium with which many students are comfortable, which facilitates easy exploration of the examination paper and repetitive listening and which is both socially acceptable and practical in a normal examination room. The findings indicate that it removes one of the significant barriers to greater take‐up of aural presentation.     

学习策略在英语专业学生写作中的运用——对新疆财经大学英语专业学生写作成绩与学习策略关系的调查分析

研究证明,优秀外语学习者使用某些有利于学习的策略,而且这些策略是可以描述和分类的。本文运用定量分析的研究方法对新疆财经大学英语专业的大学生比较熟悉的几种写作学习策略进行了问卷调查与分析,旨在发现英语专业的大学生在写作中学习策略的使用情况和特点。根据研究结果,本文提出一些教学建议。     

Current issues in large-scale educational assessment in Japan: focus on national assessment of academic ability and university entrance examinations

Currently, large-scale testing in Japan faces conflicting requirements derived from principles of education on the one hand, and measurement, on the other. Issues of affective ambivalence towards tests (i.e. test aversion and dependence) are also observed. The seemingly conflicting government discussions regarding the national assessment of academic achievement at primary and middle schools, and reforms to university entrance examinations, are discussed here in terms of these issues.     

福建省高校田径科研动态调查分析

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等方法对福建省本科高校教师的田径类科研成果进行汇总分析。分析结果表明,高校田径科研群体在46～50岁处于创作高峰期;讲师和副教授级别的教师科研成果较多;多人合作的论文量少;科研内容丰富,以田径教学偏多;科研中有高水平的论文;科研运用的研究方法较常见,但运用多种方法进行研究的论文数量不多。     

Perceived teacher feedback and academic performance: the mediating effect of learning engagement and moderating effect of assessment characteristics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating effect of learning engagement on the relationship between perceived teacher feedback and college students’ academic performance, and the moderating effect of assessment characteristics on the relationship between perceived teacher feedback and learning engagement. A sample of 2,458 students in a university in mainland China was studied. Results indicated that perceived teacher feedback had a positive impact on students’ academic performance; learning engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between perceived teacher feedback and students’ academic performance; and assessment frequency, difficulty and diversity had moderating effects between perceived teacher feedback and learning engagement. With the three factors of high frequency, difficulty and diversity assessment, perceived teacher feedback was more likely to improve students’ learning engagement. In contrast, feedback without these three factors could decrease or have no impact on students’ learning engagement. This indicates that teacher feedback indirectly affects college students’ academic performance by promoting their learning engagement, and is more effective when the frequency, difficulty or diversity of assessments is high.     

在工程认证背景下持续提高化工原理课堂的兴趣并培养学生的综合素养

为了提高学生对化工原理课程的学习兴趣并同时培养学生的综合素养,文章以工程认证为教学理念,设计了复杂案例由浅入深贯穿整节课,采取了不同的教学方式持续提高学生的课堂学习兴趣,结果表明,学生的学习效果和教学评价均有所提高。     

远程开放教育工科课程的引领式学习与考试测评新模式的研究

在远程开放学历教育中,工科类专业具有其独特的重要性：在国际上,一般是高质量的知名开放大学才设有理工科专业,如英国开放大学等;在国内,与高职高专蓬勃发展的局面相适应,电大的工科类专业近年来茁壮成长。然而,其开设专业所需设施与师资的高奈件要求,及其课程内容“难学”、“难考”等痼疾,是长期制约专业发展的瓶颈之一。为此,借鉴国外远程教育成功作法,构建新的引领式学习与考试测评新模式,对于探讨网络环境下理工科教学与管理有着十分重要的意义。     

Development and validation of a reading-related assessment battery in Malay for the purpose of dyslexia assessment

Malay is an alphabetic language with transparent orthography. A Malay reading-related assessment battery which was conceptualised based on the International Dyslexia Association definition of dyslexia was developed and validated for the purpose of dyslexia assessment. The battery consisted of ten tests: Letter Naming, Word Reading, Non-word Reading, Spelling, Passage Reading, Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Elision, Rapid Letter Naming and Digit Span. Content validity was established by expert judgment. Concurrent validity was obtained using the schools' language tests as criterion. Evidence of predictive and construct validity was obtained through regression analyses and factor analyses. Phonological awareness was the most significant predictor of word-level literacy skills in Malay, with rapid naming making independent secondary contributions. Decoding and listening comprehension made separate contributions to reading comprehension, with decoding as the more prominent predictor. Factor analysis revealed four factors: phonological decoding, phonological naming, comprehension and verbal short-term memory. In conclusion, despite differences in orthography, there are striking similarities in the theoretical constructs of reading-related tasks in Malay and in English.