Knowledge management: A U.S. Social Security Administration case study

Knowledge management can be a powerful tool for addressing the “graying of government” and other factors contributing to the loss of expertise in government organizations. This paper presents a case study of knowledge management at the U.S. Social Security Administration and provides recommendations for how knowledge management might better protect valuable knowledge resources. A two-phase study was conducted of the Benefit Rate Increase/Premium Amount Collectible (BRI/PAC), a core process at the U. S. Social Security Administration, where critical knowledge is at risk of being lost. The study suggests that knowledge sharing, training, and the overall development of a working environment conducive to knowledge management promise to enhance performance of the BRI/PAC operation, at SSA.     

U.S. Newspapers and the development of online editions

Abstract

Media managers in the 21st century will need to constantly assess and respond to emerging technologies that have the potential to disrupt the industry. This project examined the innovation‐management processes that the newspaper industry used to respond to the Internet, using an analytical framework of recommended innovation management techniques derived from previous research. The study found that newspapers’ innovation‐management processes were generally haphazard and that industry executives should be better prepared in the future to manage innovation. From a theoretical perspective, the study also found that organizational responses to emerging technology were related to the senior executive's perception of the nature of the technology. The paper concludes that future innovation management research should control for variances in the technology's perceived nature.     

Indigenous knowledge for development: Bringing research and practice together

Information and knowledge are an increasingly important part of trade in today's knowledge society. The concept of access to this information and knowledge is at the heart of such a society. Basically, this access depends on two types of factors, technological and cultural. The technological factors determine the physical requirements for disseminating information including communications, transportation, printing, and the technology of organizing information. The cultural factors determine to what extent the people who possess the knowledge are willing to share it and place it in social domain. (Adapted from Mokyr, J. [(2002). The Knowledge society: Theoretical and historical underpinnings. Retrieved May 22, 2005, from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan011602.pdf]).To make effective use of information/knowledge, it has to be shared and distributed, and its transmission through learning is essential. The world vision of a truly global knowledge partnership becomes possible only when the people of the developing countries participate as both contributors and users of knowledge. There is, therefore, a need not only to bring global knowledge to the developing countries, but also to learn about indigenous knowledge (IK) from these countries, paying particular attention to the knowledge base of the poor.     

国内外政府知识管理理论研究进展

文章从政府知识管理的必要性与作用、政府知识管理与企业知识管理的比较研究、政府知识管理框架研究、政府知识管理应用(案例)研究等几方面阐述了国内外政府知识管理理论研究的进展情况.     

Theory through history: Exploring scholarly conceptions of U.S. alternative media

This essay analyzes the relationships between major works on alternative media and historical contexts in order to discover various conceptions’ limitations and possibilities for practice. It begins by tracing the emergence and development of a dominant interpretive theory based in vanguardism, essentialism, and technological determinism, and concludes by discussing recent efforts that are grounded in materialist theories of culture and society. Such a change signals an ongoing project of generating understandings of alternative media that suggest the reciprocal relationships between modes of production, media forms, and oppositional, participatory practice.     

Dissemination and impact of U.S. department of education's library research and demonstration projects: A citation analysis

Between 1965 and 1980, the Library Research and Demonstration Branch within the Department of Education awarded over $25 million to 312 projects. By tracing the citations in Social Sciences Citation Index from a random sampling of 52% of these projects, this study has attempted to assess the dissemination and impact of the projects in the professional literature.Approximately half of the projects were not cited in SSCI. The citations tended to be clustered among a small number of library-related serials. A small number of funded projects accounted for a large number of the citations. The most cited projects cost only one-fifth as much as the most expensive studies, yet were cited nearly five times as often.     

The development of a U.S. and generalized ethnocentrism scale

The two studies reported here deal with the development and validation of a generalized ethnocentrism scale. In Study 1 two scales, including USE, which was designed to assess ethnocentrism in the United States, and GENE, which was designed to measure generalized ethnocentrism, were administered to 396 participants. Their responses were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, the USE and a modified version of GENE along with seven predictor variables were administered to 369 participants. Their responses were also factor analyzed and interim versions of the USE and GENE were generated for possible use. The results indicate that the GENE is more predictive of the seven predictor variables and that the USE may be measuring a somewhat different construct (e.g., patriotism).     

英美客户出版研究(三)

从辨析和阐释客户出版涉及的基本问题入手,讨论英美客户出版的运作模式,包括客户出版的编辑模式、发行模式以及业务模式,剖析英美客户出版的投资回报率问题,在此基础上全面、深入地梳理英美客户出版业的发展格局,并预测英美客户出版业的发展趋势。     

英美客户出版研究(二)

从辨析和阐释客户出版涉及的基本问题入手,讨论英美客户出版的运作模式,包括客户出版的编辑模式、发行模式及业务模式,剖析英美客户出版的投资回报率问题,在此基础上全面、深入地梳理英美客户出版业的发展格局,并预测英美客户出版业的发展趋势。     

试论知识管理向数字参考咨询的渗透及应用

伴随知识经济的兴起，将知识管理思想引入数字参考咨询工作成为了其历史发展的必然。本文基于对知识管理的理解，从知识需求的获取、知识内容的生成、知识资源的组织、知识交流平台的构建、知识型组织文化的营造、知识服务理念的深入等方面讨论了知识管理向数字参考咨询的渗透，并基于知识管理对数字参考咨询服务体系进行了改进。     

美国数据库立法保护议案述评

近年来美国数据库保护议案的内容从早期宽泛的权利、狭窄的例外、较高的保护水平到权利的适当限制、合理使用范围增宽,以及试图将数据库特别权利保护制度定位在反不正当竞争法上。其目的是维护数据库制作者与使用者之间的利益平衡。表2。参考文献14。     

Native Americans and the U.S. Census: A brief historical survey

This article traces the history of the enumeration of American Indians by the U.S. Census Bureau and its predecessors. It considers the social and political background of the census and the reasons that Native Americans were not counted by the census until 1890. It also examines the changes in the enumeration and definition of Native Americans—key concepts needed to provide effective reference service for users of Census Bureau data.     

U.S. office of management and budget circular no. a-130: Old and new

In June 1993, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget issued a formal revision to OMB Circular No. A-130, Management of Federal Information Resources. This article examines what has changed and what has remained the same in Circular A-130 as compared with the original circular issued in December 1985. The 1993 revision changed principally those parts of the circular dealing with information management policy. It added new materials on the role of state and local governments and on records management. It eliminated most of the language concerning OMB Circular No. A-76. and provided clearer direction with respect to user charges. The 1993 revision contained new emphases on planning, information dissemination management systems, electronic collection and dissemination of information, depository libraries, and enforcement. In September 1993, OMB also proposed new revisions concerning federal information technology management. The article concludes that the revised Circular A-130 has come a long way toward being a viable framework for managing federal information resources.     

Information life cycle: Its place in the management of U.S. government information resources

This article, which provides the first in-depth analysis of the information life cycle, traces that concept in policy instruments and the primary and secondary literature. Although these contain a number of references to the information life cycle, that concept is never fully developed. Furthermore, there are different explanations of the concept. The information life cycle, however, could contribute to the management of information resources as well as to the study of government information policy. The article outlines the stages of the information life cycle and encourages further discussion, analysis, and standardization of a concept that should be evolving, not static.     

The language and rhetoric of quality: Made in the U.S.A.

Corporate attention to quality products and services is expressed in the language used to communicate that attention. Language that is redundant, intense and elevated to iconic status both reflects and shapes attention. This study examines how end‐users, corporate bodies and employees communicate about quality. A series of propositions are inductively derived.     

美国信息素质教育进展述略

本文从以下方面介绍分析了近几年美国信息素质教育的进展情况：涌现了大量信息素质教育标准和准则、深入研究信息素质教育理论、强调信息利用的法律及社会道德问题、技术发展对信息素质教育的影响以及教学规划和教学措施的发展演变。     

The trend of concentration in scientific research and technological innovation: A reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world research & technology

This study investigates the trend of global concentration in scientific research and technological innovation around the world. It accepts papers and patents as appropriate data for revealing the development and status of science and technology respectively. The performance of these outputs in production and citation impact is taken into consideration in the analysis. The findings suggest that both papers and patents are geographically concentrated on a small number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France. China has made great progress in paper production and citation impact, and Taiwan and Korea have experienced a rapid growth in patents over the past years. The degree of concentration dramatically decreases when the data from the United States are excluded, indicating the effects of the U.S.’s participation on the concentration. Patents show a higher degree of concentration than papers. With time-varying aspects taken into consideration, the study indicates that the degree of concentration of papers and patents has gradually decreased over time. The concentration of patents has declined more slowly than that of papers. This decrease of the concentration is mainly due to the reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world R&D output.