The presuperhighway politics of U.S. government printing and publishing, 1917–1960

This article examines the practices of, and the policies governing, U.S. executive agency publishing and printing for the period covering 1919–1950s. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the congressional Joint Committee on Printing (JCP) of the 67th Congress, as well as advancements in the graphic arts. Attention is also paid to the inherent, and sometimes bitter, institutional tensions that resulted from the publishing activities of the executive branch. This article further examines the emergence of the Printing Industries of America (PIA) as a player in the sphere of U.S. government printing.     

ImaginOn,The First Twenty‐First Century Public Library Building in the U.S.

This article presents a portrait of ImaginOn, a combined children's library and theater building in Charlotte, NC. Unlike so many modern library buildings intended primarily as warehouses for materials or as civic icons, this structure is designed to encourage visitors to experience the joy to be found in stories of all kinds. The author conveys the excitement of ImaginOn and, using photographs, highlights the principal features of the structure.     

The U.S. supreme court 1969‐1992: A shift toward an individualistic style of judging

Prior research has noted the increase of concurrent and dissenting opinions issued by the U.S. Supreme Court. It has been argued that the proliferation of concurrent and dissenting opinions is symptomatic of an “individualistic” style of judging. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether individualism has also become manifest among the sitting Justices on the Supreme Court. It is argued that the number of personal references in Court opinions offers a linguistic clue as to how the Justices see themselves and the Court as an institution. The key issue is whether the sitting Justices see the current Court (and themselves) as an institutional body or as a fractionalized collection of individuals. A content analysis of Court opinions offers some support that an individualistic style of judging has increased over time.     

The concept of trustworthiness: A cross‐cultural comparison between Japanese and U.S. business people

A card sorting procedure was used to explore the structure of Japanese and American business people's concept of trustworthiness. Each of115 Japanese and 121 U.S. respondents was asked to sort thirty trust‐related words. Hierarchical cluster analyses and multidimensional scaling indicated that Japanese emphasize organizational commitment, while Americans emphasize personal integrity in judging another's trustworthiness. These differences between the two cultural groups were interpreted as evidence of an “interdependent”; versus an “independent”; view of trustworthiness in an organizational setting, and may help explain persistent miscommunication about trustworthiness between Japanese and U.S. colleagues.     

A brave new world?—Understanding U.S.-China coproductions: collaboration,conflicts, and obstacles

The unprecedented growth in U.S.-China film coproductions and Chinese companies’ high-profile investment in Hollywood studios and U.S. cinemas signal a shift in global power relationships and a reshaping of the global media structure. Combining textual and document analysis with interviews of policy makers and film professionals in China and Hollywood, this article explores the implications of U.S.-China coproduction for global communication. The article proposes three ways of understanding coproductions: as a market-driven and profit-seeking partnership, as a policy and power negotiation, and as a brave experimental adventure. This article contends that the current state of U.S.-China coproduction manifests the contradiction between desire and reality. Although coproductions have the potential to create a space for a new global culture, to develop innovative communication models, and to achieve a China-U.S. consensus, the fulfillment of these potentials will require a steadfast effort and the commitment of more than one generation of filmmakers from both China and the U.S.A. Nevertheless, a global culture and a reshaping of the global media structure are in the making.     

A Review of: “David H. Weaver,Randal A. Beam,Bonnie J. Brownlee,Paul S. Voakes,and G. Cleveland Wilhoit. The American Journalist in the 21st Century: U.S. News People at the Dawn of a New Millennium.”

Amy Reynolds and Brooke Barnett (Eds). Communication and Law: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2006 394 pp., ISBN 0805849424 (hardcover).     

British journal pricing: Enigma variations,or what will the U.S. market bear?

Dissatisfied with the usual explanations British publishers have offered for the large price differentials between their U.K. and U.S. customers-explanations such as increased distribution costs and currency fluctuations—the author examined 108 journals published by seven major British publishers. He compared their U.K. and U.S. prices and price differentials against four “value indicators”: local use, citation frequency, a listing in Katz's Magazines for Libraries, and OCLC holding libraries. He has found that high prices and high price differentials correlate with high indicators of use/value. He concludes that the data suggest that British publishers are pricing their journals in the U.S. market according to what that market is apparently willing to bear. He further suggests that the challenge for libraries arising from this pricing strategy is to identify on-going mechanisms for measuring value against price, in order to ensure that the price any publisher demands for a title corresponds to the value delivered.     

“A Uniting Force:” Irish Music on U.S. Radio

Ethnic music of all kinds has had a powerful influence on American popular music throughout history, and this is certainly true of Irish music. For nearly 100 years, radio has been a vital conduit for conveying musical influences of all kinds to listeners and musicians alike. This qualitative study analyzes Irish radio broadcasting in the United States The article is based upon an open-ended survey of U.S. broadcasters of Irish music programs in the top 10 markets and provides a summary of their recent playlists.     

Universal values structure and individualism — collectivism: A U.S. test

In re‐evaluating the theory of universal value structure as developed by Schwartz and the Individualism‐Collectivism syndromes as proposed by Triandis and others, this study, using university students in the United States, concludes that both concepts have acceptance in an intercultural setting. The majority of the value types proposed by Schwartz were found compatible by the sample. The Individualism‐collectivism concept finds a qualified support as American, on the whole, opt for Individualist vales. However, results reveal several anomalies which need further investigation. This investigation also has found the importance of social and cultural structures in analyzing values preference.     

U.S. government documents‐our annual review

A. Executive and Independent Agencies

1991 STATISTICAL REPORT, RURAL TELEPHONE BORROWERS (July 1992, 204 pp.—$15.00)

1993 ANNUAL REPORT (1993, 90 pp.)

GUIDE TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKETS IN LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN (May 1992, 162 pp.)

FEDERAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT: A GUIDE TO THE NTIA PROCESS (August 1991, SP‐91–25, 23 pp.)

GLOBALIZATION OF MASS MEDIA (January 1993, SP‐93–290, 228 pp. plus appendices—$20.00)

1994 RADIO GRANT PROGRAMS AND OTHER ACTIVITIES (no date, 28 pp., free)

1992 ANNUAL REPORT: VOICES OF CHANGE (1993, 79 pp., free)

STANDARDS AND TRADE IN THE 1990s (1992, S/N 008–020–01294–7, $13.00)

INFORMATION SEEKERS GUIDE: HOW TO FIND INFORMATION AT THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (October 1992, 47 pp., free)

STATISTICS OF THE COMMON CARRIERS 1991/ 92 EDITION (1993, 325 pp.—$19.00)

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TELECOMMUNICATION, TITLE 47 is revised annually as of October 1st and includes the ten‐current version of all FCC rules and regulations. The five 1992 volumes in this title are:

—Parts 0–19 includes general FCC rules (658 pp.—$22.00)

—Parts 20–39 covers Title II common carrier regulations (660 pp.—$22.00)

—Parts 40–69 also deals with Title II common carrier (321 pp.—$12.00)

—Parts 70–79 focuses on Title III electronic mass media (612 pp.‐$21.00)

—Parts 80‐End covers cable (Title VI) and NTIA rules (737 pp.—$24.00; this is already badly dated given the flurry of FCC cable

B. Congressional Support Agencies

UNESCO: STATUS OF IMPROVEMENTS IN MANAGEMENT, PERSONNEL, FINANCIAL, AND BUDGETING PRACTICES (June 1992, GAO/NSIAD‐92–172, 76 pp.)

VOICE OF AMERICA: MANAGEMENT ACTIONS NEEDED TO ADJUST TO A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT (July 1992, GAO/NSIAD‐92–150, 58 pp.)

FBI: ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES POSE WIRETAPPING CHALLENGES (July 1992, GAO/IMTEC‐92–68BR, 23 pp.)

FTS 2000 OVERHEAD: GSA SHOULD REASSESS CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS AND IMPROVE EFFICIENCY (August 1992, GA)/IMTEC‐92–59, 18 pp.)

PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: RESULTS OF GAO PANEL DISCUSSIONS (September 1992, GAO/IMTEC‐92–67, 17pp.)

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES (December 1992, GAO/OCG‐93–5TR)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS: CELLULAR SERVICE COMPETITION (January 1993, GAO/T‐RCED‐93–3, 13 pp.)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS: INTERRUPTIONS OF TELEPHONE SERVICE (March 1993, GAO/RCED‐93–79FS, 35 pp.)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS: FCC'S HANDLING OF FORMAL COMPLAINTS FILED AGAINST COMMON CARRIERS (March 1993, GAO/RCED‐93–83, 15 pp.)

FTS 2000: GSA'S PRICE REDETERMINATION YIELDS A REASONABLE DECISION AND LOWER PRICES (March 1993, GAO/IMTEC‐93–22, 8 pp.)

U.S. BANKS AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS (October 1992, OTA‐BP‐TCT‐100, 36 pp.—$3.00)

THE 1992 WORLD ADMINISTRATIVE RADIO CONFERENCE: TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS (May 1993, OTA‐TCT‐549, 190 pp.—$11.00)

ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES (June 1993, OTA‐BP‐TCT‐101, 79 pp.—$5.00)

C. House of Representatives

102–567, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION COMPUTER NETWORK (June 16, 1992, 5 pp.)

102–628, CABLE TELEVISION CONSUMER PROTECTION AND COMPETITIVE ACT OF 1992 (June 29, 1992, 189 pp.)

102–780, PART I, AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT OF 1992 (August 4, 1992, 81 pp.)

102–782, PART I, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1992 (August 4, 1992, 47 pp.)

102–850, ANTITRUSTREFORMACTOF1992 (August 2, 1992, 127 pp.)

102–862, CABLE TELEVISION CONSUMER PROTECTION AND COMPETITION ACT OF 1992 (September 14, 1992, 104 pp.)

102–873, PART I, AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT OF 1992 (September 17, 1992, 41 pp.)

102–873, PART 2, AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT (September 21, 1992, 32 pp.), see comment immediately above.

102/N, HIGH DEFINITION INFORMATION SYSTEMS (July 1992, 24 pp.)

103–19, EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES ACT OF 1993 (February 23, 1993, 27 pp.)

103–20, CONSUMER PROTECTION TELEMARKETING ACT (February 24, 1993, 11 pp.)

103–51, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ELECTRONIC INFORMATION ACCESS ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1993 (April 1, 1993, 10 pp.)

REVIEW OF THE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION: HEARINGS (May 1, June 20, August 1, 1991, S/N 552–070–12065–3, 351 pp.—$11.00)

DEPARTMENTS OF COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1993, PART 5: RELATED AGENCIES: HEARINGS (February 18–20, 25, March 11, 1992, 1,601 pp.—$34.00)

DEPARTMENTS OF COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1993, PART 6: RELATED AGENCIES: HEARINGS (March 17–19,25,31, April 1,2, 1992, 1,334 pp.‐$37.00)

FCC: COMMON CARRIERS: HEARING (June 19, 1991, S/N 552–070–11881 ‐1, 266 pp.‐$8.50)

MODIFIED FINAL JUDGMENT: HEARINGS (July 11, October 23,24, 1991, S/N 552–070–12588–4, 901 pp.—$30.00)

COMPETITION POLICY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH (PART 1): HEARING (August 1, 1991, S/N 552–070–13747–5, 487 pp.‐$16.00)

EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (PART 2): HEARING (October 9, 1991, S/N 552–070–12401–2, 120 pp.‐$3.75)

COMPETITION POLICY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH (PART 2): HEARING (February 19, 1992, S/N 552–070–13857–9, 573 pp.—$20.00)

COMPETITION POLICY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH (PART 3): HEARING (March 18, 1992, S/N 552–070–13889–7, 337 pp.—$12.00)

DIGITAL AUDIO RECORDING: HEARING (March 31, 1992, S/N 552–070–13406–9, 137 pp.—$4.75)

TELECOMMUTING: HEARING (July 29, 1992, S/N 552–070–13475–1, 94 pp.—$3.25)

AUDIENCE FOR U.S. GOVERNMENT INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING: HEARING (September 23, 1992, S/N 552–070–14124–3, 79 pp.—$3.00)

CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES:HEARING (February 21, 1992, S/N 552–070–12580–9, 194 pp.—$6.50)

MANAGEMENTOFNSFNET:HEARINGS (March 12, June 4,10, 1992, S/N 552–070–12848–4, 186 pp.‐$6.50)

INNOVATION IN TELEMARKETING FRAUDS AND SCAMS: HEARING (June 21, 1991, S/N 552–070–11566–8, 298 pp.‐$10.00)

INNOVATIVE TELEMARKETING AND CONSUMER FRAUD IN OREGON AND THE NORTHWEST; HEARING (February 24, 1992, S/N 552–070–13199–0, 299 pp.‐$11.00)

D. United States Senate

102–294, AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT OF 1991 (June 1992, 76 pp.)

102–451, AM RADIO IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1991 (October 1992, 5 pp.)

COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS, FY93, PART 1: HEARINGS (February, March, April, May 1992, S/N 552–070–12898–1, 811 pp.‐$28.00)

NOMINATION OF JAMES H. QUELLO: HEARING (June 13, 1991, S/N 552–070–11580–3, 10 pp.‐$1.00)

S. 1462, THE AUTOMATED TELEPHONE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT OF 1991; S. 1410, THE TELEPHONE ADVERTISING CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT; AND S.857, EQUAL BILLING FOR LONG DISTANCE CHARGES: HEARING (July 24, 1991, S/N 552–070–13862–5, 67 pp.‐$2,50)

COMPUTERIZED TELEPHONE SALES CALLS AND 900 SERVICES: HEARINGS (October 10, 11, 1991, S/N 552–070–13788–2, 75 pp.—$2.75)

CABLE‐INSTRUCTIONAL TV AND S. 1200 COMMUNICATIONS COMPETITIVENESS AND INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 1991: HEARING (February 28, 1992, S/N 552–070–12886–7, 165 pp.—$6.00)

RADIO OVERSIGHT AND S. 1101, THE AM RADIO IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1991: HEARING (March 11, 1992, S/ N 552–070–13242–2, 114 pp.‐$4.00)

REAUTHORIZATION OF THE NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION: HEARING (June 23, 1992, S/N 552–07013761 ‐1, 15 pp.—$1.00)

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS: HEARING (July 1, 1992, S/N 552–070–13963–0, 135 pp.—$4.75)

SPECTRUM REALLOCATION OF THE 2 GHz BAND: HEARING (July 3, 1992, S/N 552–070–13616–9, 111 pp.—$4.00)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND EDUCATION: HEARING (July 29, 1992, S/N 552–070–14085–9, 144 pp.—$5.00)

TELEMARKETING FRAUD:HEARING (July 30, 1992, S/N 552–070–14061 ‐1, 54 pp.—$2.25)

PARTIAL REVISION (1988), RADIO REGULATIONS, RELATING TO SPACE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES: MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT (Treaty Document 102–27, April 2, 1992, 402 pp.)

PARTIAL REVISION (1985), RADIO REGULATIONS, RELATING TO BROADCASTING SATELLITE SERVICES IN REGION 2: MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT (Treaty Document 102–28, April 2, 1992, 448 pp.)

SEVEN COMMUNICATIONS TREA TIES: HEARING (May 12, 1992, S/N 552–070–13348–8, 32 pp.—$1.50)

AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT OF 1991: HEARING (October 29, 1991, S/N 552–070–13741–6, 287 pp.‐$11.00)

MOTION PICTURE ANTIPIRACY ACT OF 1991: HEARING (July 24, 1991, S/N 552–070–13258–9, 293 pp.—$11.00)

STAR SCHOOLS FOR ALL OUR STUDENTS: HEARING (April 24, 1991, S/N 552–070–11624–9, 139 pp.—$4.25)

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES FOR LITERACY, PRODUCTIVITY AND DEMOCRACY: HEARING (July 11, 1991, S/N 552–070–11595–1, 130 pp.—$4.00)

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM: HEARING (October 31, 1991, S/N 552–070–12073–4, 309 pp.‐$10.00)     

U.S. federal government CIOs: information technology's new managers— preliminary findings

The Clinger-Cohen Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 (Clinger-Cohen Act) had the potential to change the dynamics of how U.S. federal government agencies view and manage their information technology. The mandated provision for chief information officers (CIOs) was intended to provide agencies with information change agents and technology “watchdogs.” To observe how agencies are reacting to employing CIOs, the author conducted field studies via e-mail with eight agencies to discover the successes and the challenges of this new information initiative. The Clinger-Cohen Act mandated four of the agencies contacted and four were non-mandated. The results of this study depict varying levels of agency compliance and commitment to the Clinger-Cohen Act as it relates to the agency CIO position.     

Who Publishes More Books in U.S. English Departments,Men or Women?

The “gender gap” in the U.S. publication of English language and literature scholarly books has not been fully investigated. In order to investigate gender disparity, we collected, aggregated, and analyzed data on 1633 faculty members who authored or edited 4835 scholarly books at the top 50 U.S. English Ph.D. departments. Despite the fact that more women than men have received Ph.D.s in English since 1987, the top 50 departments are predominantly male, and male faculty members publish more books on a per capita basis. However, who publishes more books in these departments varies: (1) with the department that the faculty member is in (with grater parity in the middle 30 departments); and (2) when the faculty member published their first book, with female faculty who published their first book after 1998 publishing as many books on a per person basis as male faculty. This paper also offers recommendations on how marketing strategies can be used to ameliorate the “gender gap” in this academic field.     

European News-Agency Beginnings: The Role of S. Engländer

There is little archival evidence about the beginnings of what might be termed the leading nineteenth-century European news agencies—Havas in Paris, Reuter in various European news-centres and then London, and Wolff in Berlin; the concept of the news agency, by contrast, has been dated to late sixteenth-century Italy. Why was it that in some two decades between 1832 and 1851, what would become leading news agencies set up shop? How was it that, within a half-century, an organisation of European-based news agencies, joined by the US AP in 1875, was held to channel much of the flow of international news?