水稻育秧方法对秧苗素质及育秧成本的影响

本文报道了湿润育秧、塑料软盘育秧、旱育秧三种育秧方法培育的秧苗素质及育秧成本的差异.结果表明:旱育秧培育的秧苗素质最好,而育秧成本最低.     

A response to Padeliadu: can student attitudes exist outside the school climate?

The present study explored typically developing children’s understanding of, and attitudes towards, the inclusion of children with physical disabilities (PD) in mainstream settings. The 60 children who participated in the study attended sixth grade in two mainstream primary schools (30 in contact with a child with PD and 30 without such contact). They filled in a questionnaire to measure understanding of disabilities and one to explore attitudes towards inclusion. Analyses revealed that children in contact with a child with PD had a better understanding of the emotional and social problems associated with the presence of PD than the comparison group. Moreover, children in contact with a child with PD expressed more positive attitudes towards the inclusion of children with PD in relation to children without such contact. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of contact in the formation of more positive attitudes towards the inclusion of children with PD.     

The social and educational impacts of the first national Down Syndrome support group in the UAE

Although there is a fairly extensive literature on social and educational inclusion of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) in many countries, very little is produced on the life and education of such individuals in the United Arab Emirates. There is an apparent lack of societal interest in the quality of lives of people with DS. The condition of DS is nearly a taboo subject in this part of the world. With only a handful of pupils with DS included in regular schools, and with many myths and misconceptions surrounding the syndrome and individuals, particularly children with the syndrome, the first ever national support group for individuals with DS, their families and their carers was formed in late 2004 in the United Arab Emirates. This paper examines and evaluates the social and educational impact of the support group. The study particularly focuses on the role of such group in promoting social inclusion and inclusion of pupils with DS in regular schools in the UAE. Members (mainly parents of individuals with DS) of the newly-established group participated in two interviews six months apart and the researcher observed group meetings, recorded activities and events over the same period. Views of individuals with DS on the effects and the activities of the group were also gathered through semi-structured interviews.
Participants reported significant benefits from participating in the group, particularly in the areas of promoting social acceptance for individuals with DS. The study found that the group also helped in eliminating and correcting some of the myths surrounding the syndrome and played a role in promoting social and educational inclusion of such individuals. The study ends with a discussion of the findings and recommendations for future practice.     

浅析赵翼论六言诗兼谈六言诗的发展

赵翼在《陔馀丛考》中有关六言诗的评价可谓触及六言诗发展的实质问题。本文通过解读赵翼关于六言诗的一些观点。例如,赵翼认为六言诗的起源不始于谷永,偏爱王维的六言绝句,并认为六言诗没能兴盛是因为“其虽工但非天地自然之音节”,结合赵翼的诗学理论,客观分析上述观点。与此同时。试对六言诗的发展和最终没能繁荣的原因做一个粗浅探究。     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝

探讨标准大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝治疗中的应用价值。标准组选择重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝56例,采用标准大骨瓣减压术;常规组选择前期重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝75例,采用常规颞顶部去骨瓣减压术。两组间疗效评分采用伤后半年时GOS评定。结果表明,标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝,可改善患者预后,降低死亡率。     

Traditional Chinese Values and Attitudes of Chinese University Students toward People with Intellectual Disabilities

The purpose of the study was to explore relationships between traditional Chinese values and attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 534 college students in China participated in the study. Two instruments that measure Chinese values and attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities were used. Results indicated that the value of cultivation of virtues (benevolence, humanity, and a sense of justice) was positively related to attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities; and that the values of social traditionalism and cultural inwardness (cultural superiority and intolerance) were negatively correlated with attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, university students majoring in special education or with more knowledge of disabilities had more favourable attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities than university students majoring in regular education or with little knowledge of disabilities. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of socio‐economic environments in China.     

Reading comprehension of deaf children with cochlear implants

The reading comprehension and visual word recognition in 50 deaf children and adolescents with at least 3 years of cochlear implant (CI) use were evaluated. Their skills were contrasted with reference data of 500 deaf children without CIs. The reading comprehension level in children with CIs was expected to surpass that in deaf children without implants, partly via improved visual word recognition. Reading comprehension scores of children with implants were significantly better than those of deaf children without implants, although the performance in implant users was substantially lagging behind that in hearing children. Visual word recognition was better in children with CIs than in children without implants, in secondary education only. No difference in visual word recognition was found between the children with CIs and the hearing children, whereas the deaf children without implants showed a slightly poorer performance. The difference in reading comprehension performance of the deaf children with and without CIs remained present when visual word recognition was controlled for. This indicates that other reading-related skills were also contributing to the improved reading comprehension skills of deaf children with CIs.     

重型脑损伤昏迷病人鼻饲并发症护理

目的探讨重型脑损伤昏迷病人鼻饲及常见并发症的护理要点。方法对113例重型脑损伤鼻饲患者采取一系列护理干预措施,减少并发症的发生。结果113例鼻饲患者中出现返流14例,误吸3例,腹泻28例,胃潴留13例,脱管9例,堵管4例。结论长期鼻饲过程中并发症虽然是难以完全避免的,但大部分并发症可以通过护患双方的共同干预而减少。     

学习困难学生对词语思维加工的元认知实验研究

研究了 15名学困生和 15名优秀生对词语思维加工的元认知特点。结果表明 ,学困生对词语思维加工的自我调节、自我监视和自我控制能力显著低于学习优秀学生。二组被试各自在知觉驱动思维加工自我调节能力和概念驱动思维加工的自我调节能力的差异显著。但各自在知觉驱动思维加工与概念驱动思维加工的自我监视和自我控制能力差异不显著。学困生在语词思维加工过程中的自我评价能力比优秀生弱 ,且差异达到了显著水平。     

Neighborhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: associations with young children's competencies

This study examined the association of census level, observational, and parent-reported neighborhood characteristics on the verbal and behavioral competencies of a national sample of Canadian preschoolers (N = 3,350). Children's verbal ability scores were positively associated with residing in neighborhoods with affluent residents and negatively associated with residing in neighborhoods with poor residents and in neighborhoods with low cohesion, even after controlling for family socioeconomic factors. Behavior problem scores were higher when children lived in neighborhoods that had fewer affluent residents, high unemployment rates, and neighborhoods with low cohesion, after controlling for family socioeconomic factors. These findings are discussed in light of neighborhood studies of children in the United States in the mid-1990s.     

Disability,Stigma and Otherness: Perspectives of Parents and Teachers

This qualitative study explored the perspectives of parents and teachers in the US with regard to the meaning and implications of disability in the context of schoolling, and of raising a child with a disability. The findings revealed broad conceptual differences in the perspectives of these two groups. Teachers’ beliefs were generally consistent with medical model perspectives on disability as biologically defined. Parents’ interpretations, more aligned with a sociocultural paradigm, were situated in the cultural meanings ascribed to disability and linked with issues of stigma, marginalisation and access. The findings also revealed the existence of master narratives on families of children with disabilities, entrenched in assumptions of pathological functioning and negative outcomes among these families. Implications for professional–family partnerships in the education of students with disabilities are discussed.     

Inclusive education for pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in secondary mainstream schools: teacher attitudes,experience and knowledge

The aim of the current study was to examine the experience, attitudes and knowledge of school staff in relation to inclusive education for pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream secondary schools. Fifty-three participants from 11 secondary schools in the north-west of England completed a survey that covered socio-demographic information and teaching experience, perceptions of inclusion within their school, experience and knowledge of ASDs, influences on integration of pupils with ASDs, ability to cope with behaviours associated with ASDs and benefits and problems associated with integration of pupils with ASD in mainstream schools. Respondents tended to indicate positive attitudes towards inclusion. Our analysis also showed that senior managers and Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators reported greater self-efficacy in teaching pupils with ASD and in coping with behaviours associated with ASD than did subject teachers. Finally, respondents reported social inclusion as both a potential benefit and challenge for pupils with ASD. The implications of these findings for future training and practice are discussed.     

Do inclusion practices for pupils with special educational needs in the English as a foreign language class in Israel reflect inclusion laws and language policy requirements?

The study of additional languages is mandatory for all pupils in most European countries. Usually, the first foreign language is English. This is due to the status of English as a global language. According to inclusion laws, pupils with special educational needs (SEN) should be taught in regular classes with support services by teachers with special education training. Often, however, foreign language teachers lack training and do not know how to adapt teaching methods for pupils with SEN in the regular language learning class. In this study, 109 elementary school teachers filled out questionnaires examining practices and attitudes about inclusion of pupils with SEN in the English as a foreign language (EFL) class in Israel. Findings indicated that pupils with SEN are included in regular EFL classes, taught with the same materials as the class, usually by teachers with no specialised training and no teaching assistants. Teachers are not always encouraged to take in-service courses on how to teach these pupils. No significant difference were found between teachers with and without special education training regarding inclusion practices, but slight differences were found with regards to attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with SEN. The majority of teachers felt that pupils with SEN should be taught in special education settings with specialised materials, and not in the regular education class. These findings raise questions regarding the efficacy of inclusion laws and language learning policies.     

王昌龄五古与七绝风格之比较及其创作心态试析

盛唐时期著名诗人王昌龄的诗歌创作成就 ,主要在五古和七绝两种体裁上。其五古显得严正肃然 ,高古劲健 ,饶有风骨 ;其七绝却呈现出华美婉丽、精工雕琢的诗风。前者反映了他对以陈子昂为代表的文学复古思潮的响应 ,后者则反映了他对文学复古思潮中矫枉过正的偏激有所修正的态度。将他在这两种诗体上表现出来的不同风格 ,与他的诗论结合起来考察 ,还可看出他以五古经营世务和以七绝遣兴抒怀的不同创作心态     

基于建构主义的高职院校课程思政建设探析

为了培养既拥有扎实的专业功底、又具有较高思想素质的综合型人才,需要高职院校教师在课程思政教育过程中,积极运用建构主义理论,将建构主义理论与本校课程建设和教学实际紧密结合,同时也要为学生创设教学情景,引导学生在已有的专业课程的基础上获取思政教育知识,明确思政育人与课程育人目标。然而现阶段,在实际课程思政教育过程中,部分高职院校还存在师资力量薄弱、方式方法创新不足,以及课程思政建设与建构主义理念不相符合等问题,从而在一定程度上制约了我国高职院校课程思政教育活动的开展,不利于培养综合型人才。对此,在今后课程思政建设过程中,需要高职院校以建构主义为基础教育原则,组建强大的师资团队,创建健全的课程思政教育规划体系,促进我国高职院校课程思政建设工作的顺利开展。     

试论《中国学报编辑学导论》的特色

《中国学报编辑学导论》具有研究中溯本求源,写作中脉络清晰;探索中史论结合,说明中重点突出;撰写中虚实相兼,设计中可操作性强的诸多特色;在学报编辑学的研究和论述中确实力求创新和突破,具有填补学科研究空白的开创意义.     

Utility of the Spelling Sensitivity Score to analyze spellings of children with specific language impairment

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Spelling Sensitivity Score (SSS) beyond percentage correct scoring in analyzing the spellings of children with specific language impairment (SLI). Participants were 31 children with SLI and 28 children with typical language in grades 2–4. Spellings of individual words were scored using two methods: (1) percentage correct and (2) SSS. Children with SLI scored lower than children with typical language when spelling was analyzed with percentage correct scoring and with SSS scoring. In addition, SSS scoring highlighted group differences in the nature of spelling errors. Children with SLI were more likely than children with typical language to omit elements and to represent elements with an illegal grapheme in words, whereas children with typical language were more likely than children with SLI to represent all elements with correct letters.     

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ)

The purpose of the present study was to validate an existing school environment instrument, the School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ). The SLEQ consists of 56 items, with seven items in each of eight scales. One thousand, one hundred and six (1106) teachers in 59 elementary schools in a southwestern USA public school district completed the instrument. An exploratory factor analysis was undertaken for a random sample of half of the completed surveys. Using principal axis factoring with oblique rotation, this analysis suggested that 13 items should be dropped and that the remaining 43 items could best be represented by seven rather than eight factors. A confirmatory factor analysis was run with the other half of the original sample using structural equation modeling. Examination of the fit indices indicated that the model came close to fitting the data, with goodness-of-fit (GOF) coefficients just below recommended levels. A second model was then run with two of the seven factors, with their associated items removed. That left five factors with 35 items. Model fit was improved. A third model was tried, using the same five factors with 35 items but with correlated residuals between some of the items within a factor. This model seemed to fit the data well, with GOF coefficients in recommended ranges. These results led to a refined, more parsimonious version of the SLEQ that was then used in a larger study. Future research is needed to see if this model would fit other samples in different elementary schools and in secondary schools both in the USA and in other countries. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

试论中职财经专业课教学的创新途径

中职财经专业课的教学创新，应当紧紧围绕提高学生的就业素质这个主题。通过教学目标的层次化、教学内容的实用化、教学氛围的民主化、教学方法的模拟化、教学手段的先进化、教学评价的多样化等途径加以实施。