开拓新百年

(一) 1903年,少数筹办洋务的清朝官员迈出历史性步伐,创办了中国人自己开设的儿童进入小学之前的第一个公共教育机构,开创了中国幼儿教育的历史。综观中国幼教百年历史,并与同期一些国家幼教历史相比较,我们可以发现若干特点。第一,兴办幼儿公共教育机构的目的、任务,必然从属于时代需要和政权性质。清朝末期、辛亥革命成功初期、国民党政府时期,中国     

浅析幼儿教育机构的社会效益

幼儿教育机构的效益包括经济效益和社会效益。本文探讨了影响幼儿教育机构社会效益的主要因素,尝试构建了评价计算方法,并以景德镇市幼教机构为例,分析了幼儿教育机构的社会效益的重要性,从而为幼教机构未来发展模式提供决策性依据。     

世界幼儿教育"一体化"趋势浅探

自20世纪90年代以来,世界幼儿教育出现了“一体化”趋势。这一趋势主要表现在两个方面,一是幼教机构从幼儿的入学准备和“幼小一体化”两个方面重视与小学的衔接;二是幼教机构从提高服务意识和构建“四位一体”的幼教网络两个方面重视与家庭、社区的合作。     

我国首所公立幼教机构创立的历史背景及意义

鸦片战争后，帝国主义列强在中国取得了传教、办学的特权，中国最早的幼儿园是由外国传教士创办的。据林乐知所著《五大洲女塾通考》第十集记载，光绪28年（1902），基督教各会在华建立学校中有小孩子察物学堂（幼稚园）6所，学生194人，其中女生97人。[1]这些虽有平民性、计划性、目的性的幼儿教育机构却不具有中国自身的“民族性”，因而不能将它们看作是中国公共幼儿教育机构的肇端。中国自己设立的具有公办性质的幼儿教育机构是在光绪29年8月（1903年9月），由两湖总督张之洞擘画，湖北巡抚端方主持的湖北幼稚园。该园设于湖北武昌阅马…     

浅谈幼儿教育"小学化"

幼儿教育"小学化"是一种急功近利的错误教育倾向,产生的原因较复杂.本文提出实现好的幼儿教育需要全社会有识之士来关注,需要幼教界人士在幼儿教育中践行素质教育理念,遵循幼儿教育规律,回归幼儿教育本位,正确衔接小学教育等.     

百年风雨 继往开来——评《浙江幼儿教育发展史》

浙江历来为文教大省,民间素有重视蒙学之传统,也是最早出现近代西式幼稚园与重要的早期幼教师资培训机构的省域之一。民国时期,中国幼儿教育奠基人南陈北张均为浙江人,他们人生和事业的起步在浙江。建国60年来,浙江幼教秉承传统优势,站在全国幼教改革与发展的前沿,获得了丰硕的成果。     

谈谈幼儿园保教活动的法律责任

直到目前，我国还没有一部系统的幼教法律，对于幼儿教育的机构、幼儿教育从业人员在保教活动中应享有的权利和应承担的义务没有一个系统的法律规定。对幼儿教育机构及从业人员的权利义务的规定一般是比照中小学教师的权利义务来规定，这与幼教事业的发展是不相适应的，正因为没有合适的法律规定，一旦幼儿在幼儿园合法权益没有得到周到的保护，就会产生幼儿园与家长之间的矛盾，而且，双方往往各执一词，莫衷一是，怎样正确认识幼儿园的法律责任呢？我想从法理的角度来谈谈这个问题，以供参考。     

中国幼教 继往开来 开拓新百年

一个世纪的历程00年前的9月,在湖北武昌,诞生了中国幼儿公共教育机构———湖北幼稚园,生开启了中国幼儿公共教育的先河,中国现代幼儿教育的开端。有五千年以上文明史的中华民族,世,有着极为丰厚和值得称道的幼儿家传统,幼儿教育也是以这种自发的、无封闭的家庭教育形态存在着,不被人们。直到19世纪后期,西学东渐,幼儿教要性才被怀抱救亡图存大志的有识之识,“童子就学,教以书数,穷理精艺,此。”“人生百年,立于幼学。”19世纪方传教士在中国土地上试建了第一批;1903年9月,两广总督张之洞等人在武昌,创办了我们中国人自己开设的入小学之前的…     

陈鹤琴"中国化的新幼稚园"实践与启示

上世纪20、30年代,以陈鹤琴为代表的幼教界面对中国幼儿教育抄袭照搬、全盘西化的情况,主张采用实验研究的科学方法,创设符合中国国情与民性的现代幼儿教育。他旨在建立“中国化的新幼稚园”的相关理念和实践经验至今仍对我国的幼儿教育改革有着借鉴和启示作用。     

浅谈陈鹤琴"中国化"幼儿教育思想的启示

通过对陈鹤琴先生幼儿教育思想的挖掘,汲取其思想之精髓并与我国的教育现状相结合,提出了转变教师观念、幼儿园课程决策改革、发展学前社区教育及优化社会环境等观点。今天,我们研究陈鹤琴“中国化”的幼儿教育思想对建设有中国特色的幼教事业大有裨益。     

Childcare? Early childhood education and care? Towards an integrated early years policy for young children in Ireland

The decade 1997 to 2007 was a dramatic one for Ireland. Driven by a strong economy it had low rates of unemployment and attracted a large population of immigrant workers. These changes impacted directly on family life – most particularly in the area of the education and care of young children. The recent and equally dramatic change in economic circumstances has provided an unexpected context for a significant policy shift in early childhood care and education (ECCE) which, if carefully managed, could have profound effects on young children and their families. This article considers what recent Irish ECCE policy tells us about views of children and childhoods and where Ireland stands in respect of early childhood provision; it identifies some distinctly Irish tensions and considers what the likelihood is that recent policy initiatives mark a significant move forward for those seeking high quality ECCE provision for young children.     

‘Nationalising’ and Transforming the Public Funding of Early Years Education (and care) in England 1996–2017

The public funding of early years education and care in England has been transformed. Historically, local councils had the main responsibility for decisions regarding nursery education and child day care, but in 1996 the Conservative government introduced a nursery education voucher scheme. Parents of four-year-olds could exchange the voucher for three terms of part-time ‘preschool provision’ in a state maintained nursery or primary school, or in a private, voluntary or independent (PVI) provider of child day care; in 1998, the Labour government replaced the voucher with an entitlement to free part-time ‘early education’. The entitlement was expanded progressively and in 2017 the Conservative government introduced 30 h per week free ‘childcare’ for some children, together with an Early Years National Funding Formula. Funding goals and policy have shifted over time, underpinned by the idea of ‘a level playing field’ between providers in maintained and PVI sectors. However, there is no statutory requirement for PVI settings to employ qualified teachers, militating against a genuine ‘level playing field’ and the integration of education and care.     

农村特殊教育研究的意义、问题及建议

为了特殊儿童健康成长,广大特殊教育工作者大爱无言、无私奉献,使众多城乡特殊儿童受到特殊教育关爱,但还有许多乡村特殊儿童还需要更多的教育和关爱。为使人间大爱更好地温暖乡村特殊儿童,国家持续推进农村特殊教育事业发展,特殊教育研究也应特别重视通对过国家特殊教育政策的咨询研究和舆情调研、舆论引导,推进农村特殊教育事业更好更快发展。     

‘Educare’ in Australia: analysing policy mobility and transformation

Abstract

Background: Early childhood education and care has been an area of significant policy attention, public investment and private market activity in Australia over the past three decades. Australian educationists and policy-makers have looked to international examples for evidence, policy design and institutional models. However, this area is under-researched in Australia, with regard to how these knowledge flows are theorised, and how policy is implemented on the ground.

Purpose: The paper’s purpose was to contribute new Australian-focussed conceptual and empirical insights on the trajectories, development and implementation of evidence-based policy in the field of early childhood education and care.

Sources of evidence: The paper is based on three main sources of evidence: ? the critical literature on policy transfer and policy mobility

? policy statements, reports and planning documents produced by national- and state-level governments

? data from fieldwork analysis of new capital works and programmes in the early childhood field.

Main argument: International research and evidence on the benefits of investment in early learning has had a significant impact on the framing of Australian policy. So too has a move in several countries to align early childhood institutions with schools. However, a dominant paradigm of policy transfer, reliant on pluralist and rationalist frameworks of policy-making, fails to account for the dynamics of policy development and implementation across and within jurisdictions and geographical space. Conceptualising a new alignment in Australia between children’s centres and schools as ‘educare’, this article employs the theoretical lens of policy mobility to account for the circulation and transformation of educare policy in Australian settings. Through an empirical analysis of a new educare centre in the growth corridor of western Melbourne, the article demonstrates the extent to which neoliberal policy settings outside the educational sphere, around public finance, partnership, place and infrastructure provision, influence the implementation of ‘educare’ policy.

Conclusions: The educare discourse in Australia addresses a complex and multiscalar set of policy problems that associate child development with concerns around human capital formation, economic efficiency and productivity, place making and community building, and the role of the public sector in neoliberal democracies. International circuits of knowledge, policy design and institutional models in the educare field have been significant in shaping recent Australian policy, despite well-publicised views expressed in Australia on the disconnection between academic research and policy. The strength of policy mobility as a theoretical lens to assist our understanding of these influences lies in its critique of formalism in policy-making and in its attention to fluidity and transformation. The mobility lens encourages new empirical research that focuses on spatial and institutional dynamics, assisting our reading of on-the-ground developments in Australia’s fastest growing city.     

Against Professional Development

An intensification of interest in early childhood by government, parents, and employers, focuses primarily on the provision of private early childhood education services outside of the home. With a focus on New Zealand, the paper argues that the form of early education now promoted is a particular form of care and education that moves children away from family and community narratives embedded in the historical, cultural and humanist intentions of the national curriculum Te Whāriki (Ministry of Education, 1996). It argues that current early childhood policy directions, largely driven by global economic agendas, pay scant regard to the lived experiences of children and families. Working with Ricoeur's narrative identity, Ricoeur's ‘capable subject’ is considered in order to examine the emerging purposes and aims of early childhood education, with a particular focus on just institutions for children and families.     

从我国台湾地区"幼儿教育券"的实施看幼儿教育平等

本文简要介绍了教育券的起源和几种不同的理论模式。从我国台湾地区幼儿教育券的实施情况看,幼儿教育券政策可以在教育选择自由、资源分配公平和教育机会均等三个方面促进幼儿教育平等的实现。目前,我国内地也对教育券政策作了初步的尝试,但在理论和实践上还需要进一步的研究。     

Shifting directions in ECEC policy in New Zealand: from a child rights to an interventionist approach

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) policy reflects ideas about childhood, labour force participation, education, the economy and the role of the state. This article spans a period of political change in New Zealand from a left of centre government during the first decade of the twenty-first century to a right of centre government from 2009. It draws on policy evaluations and document analysis to critically examine the shifts in approaches to ECEC policy over this time and the consequences for participants of different policy frameworks. It argues that discourses of children as ‘priority’ have replaced a focus on citizenship, and a swing has occurred away from universal to targeted approaches aimed at encouraging ECEC participation for a few. Recent policies have removed crucial professional supports and qualification goals for teachers, bringing into question New Zealand's commitment to quality. The market continues to determine provision and unfettered expansion of for-profit provision is occurring. Yet at odds with this trend, some examples of community planning are occurring, offering a glimmer of possibilities for how ECEC might be conceptualised, organised and supported.     

我国学前教育政策研究的回眸与展望:价值取向、研究范式与核心主题

在我国学前教育事业不断走向科学化和规范化的过程中,学前教育政策研究发挥了非常重要的作用。回顾我国学前教育政策研究的历史,可以发现相关研究者在价值取向上始终坚持学前教育政策研究应呼应国家重大政策、服务时代与社会变革需求、关注事业发展中的关键问题,体现了对公平和质量的持续求索,日益关注弱势群体及精准扶贫,并从宏观探讨逐渐转向对关键政策点的研究,重视多元利益主体的诉求。在研究范式上,我国学前教育政策研究经历了从结构功能主义到批判性分析范式、从理论思辨到实证研究的转向,实现了多元研究范式的并存和互补,研究视野随之逐渐开阔,并积极引入了跨学科视角。学前教育管理与办园体制、财政投入与师资队伍保障机制,学前教育资源扩大与均衡配置、弱势群体扶助、普惠发展,学前教育政策规范、质量保障及立法等是今后一段时期内我国学前教育政策研究的核心主题。     

A Nordic Perspective on Early Childhood Education and Care Policy

The national policies and historical roots of early childhood education (ECE) vary from society to society. In the Nordic countries, early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies have been built in the context of the welfare state. As such, they are closely connected to other welfare policy areas such as social policy, family policy and education policy, in addition to which a close relationship with labour policy is also evident. This article sheds light on the historical roots of Nordic ECEC policies by describing the commonalities and differences between the Nordic countries. The ‘Nordic model’ is commonly described as integrated. Education, teaching and caring form an integrated unit and the term early childhood education and care is therefore typically used when describing the ‘Nordic model’. It is also said to be based on a child-centred, holistic approach with an emphasis on participation, democracy, autonomy and freedom, while its track record of high quality ECE services is considered to be due in part to the use of a well-trained workforce. The Nordic countries are, however, developing and redefining their ECEC policies in the global economic and cultural context, in which governments have to choose their priorities. Pressure to standardize ECE services is also apparent, and signs of erosion of the key elements of the Nordic model have been seen in recent policy debates. This paper discusses the current direction of Nordic ECE policy making and the future of the Nordic model.     

Education and poverty in affluent countries

This article reflects on the desire to defend and claim public education amidst the educational policy effects of contemporary neoliberal politics. The defence of public education, from schools to higher education, undoubtedly provides a powerful counter-veiling weight to the neoliberal policy logic of education-as-individual-value-accrual. At a time of intense global policy reform centred on marketisation in education, the public education institutions of the post-war welfare state are often characterised as being lost, attacked, encroached upon and dismantled. In this paper, I contend it is important to avoid mobilising a memory of public educational pasts that do not account for their failings and inequalities. Turning to a historical engagement with the emergence of neoliberal politics, the paper explores how challenges and contestations surrounding ‘the public’ from multiple standpoints converged in the rise of neoliberalism. Recognition of these convergences and contestations, I suggest, assists to provide a more nuanced account of the relationship between neoliberal reform and the welfare state, and thus of the complex task of imagining, claiming and working towards a just and equitable public education.