Framing sweatshops: Nike,global production,and the American news media

This study examines US newspaper coverage of sweatshops, focusing on the case study of Nike (1995–2000) and asking how the coverage was structured, how sweatshops were problematized, and how they were explained. We find that while activists established a measure of definitional control over the coverage, it tended to concentrate on solutions rather than causes, and the source of the problem tended to be rooted in the agency of consumers rather than producers. This has implications for explaining how social, political, and cultural issues are transformed into essentially economic problems.     

Visual Framing,Stigmatization, Race,and Obesity: Examining Television News Presentation of Stories about Obesity and Stories about Health

This study conducted a content analysis to examine how weight and race/ethnicity impacted how people were portrayed in the imagery accompanying broadcast and cable television news stories about obesity compared to stories about health. Five hundred and seven people were analyzed in 135 stories. Results showed that people who were overweight were often shown as an isolated body part, but their portrayal was not entirely stigmatizing. Overweight people were often shown exercising, which combats weight stereotypes. Additionally, race/ethnicity did not make the portrayal more stigmatizing. The results of the content analysis are discussed with an emphasis on the larger implications of the findings.     

The Hostile Media Phenomenon: Testing the Effect of News Framing on Perceptions of Media Bias

Recent theorizing in hostile media perception (HMP) has focused on the impact of news content on perceptions of media bias. Using a 2 (an outcome frame versus a value frame) × 2 (a societal frame versus an individual frame) experimental design (N = 114), this study examined the differential effects of news frames on perceptions of media bias. The results showed that an outcome frame induced relatively less HMP than a value frame. Further, a societal frame was more likely to elicit HMP than an individual frame when the medical abortion controversy was framed in term of values (vs. outcomes). Directions for future research on the potential impact of news framing on HMP were discussed.     

Improving the Effectiveness of Fundraising Messages: The Impact of Charity Goal Attainment,Message Framing,and Evidence on Persuasion

This experimental study assessed the effectiveness of fundraising messages. Based on recent findings regarding the effects of message framing and evidence, effective fundraising messages should combine abstract, statistical information with a negative message frame and anecdotal evidence with a positive message frame. In addition, building on research into social dilemmas, it was hypothesized that information about charity goal attainment (e.g., the contributions of others) should increase donation intentions. The hypotheses were tested in a 2 (goal attainment: yes/no)×2 (framing: positive/negative)×2 (evidence: statistical/anecdotal) factorial design. Abstract information was more effective when combined with a negatively framed message, whereas anecdotal information was more effective when combined with a positive frame. In addition, donation intentions were higher for messages that addressed charity goal attainment issues.     

Framing the Work of Art: Spirituality and Career Discourse in the Nonprofit Arts Sector

Based on qualitative data from participant interviews, this study explores how nonprofit arts managers construct the notion of career, and more specifically, how they frame the nature of their work and career choices. Findings revealed that participants employed a spiritual framework of calling, service, sacrifice, and personal rewards to socially construct, understand, and legitimate their nonprofit careers. These framing devices provided the language for participants to make sense of their career decisions and to define their career successes in terms of their own values instead of traditional measures of extrinsic rewards. As contemporary workers place increasing importance on meaningful work, spiritually centered discourse has implications for career theory and organizational practices in both for-profit and nonprofit sectors.     

A Comparative Framing Analysis of Embedded and Behind-the-Lines Reporting on the 2003 Iraq War

This study sought to develop a typology of communication challenges perceived by frontline employees during the implementation of organizational change. A sample of midlevel managers (N = 166) self-reported 486 challenges they perceived encountering while implementing a new customer service program at a national textbook retailer. These perceived impediments were inductively analyzed into a five-tiered typology including (a) resistance from external stakeholders, (b) a lack of resources and decision-making authority, (c) personal management issues, (d) competing changes, and (e) staff resistance.     

新闻构架、符码与制造同意的艺术——美国媒体“十六大”报道综合分析

本文运用西方新闻学研究的框架和符码理论对美国媒体有关中共“十六大”的报道进行定性和定量分析 ,旨在揭示美国媒体与主流意识形态间的互动关系 ,加深我们对美国媒体国际新闻报道运作规律的认识     

The relationship between willingness to communicate and solidarity with frequency,breadth, and depth of communication in the sibling relationship

People communicate differently based on their willingness to communicate, along with their feelings of solidarity with the receivers (McCroskey & Richmond, 1987). People who are high in their willingness to communicate and feel close to their receivers would seemingly communicate more frequently and intimately. This study investigated this proposition by considering the late adolescent sibling relationship. College students were asked to complete a questionnaire focusing on the frequency, breadth, and depth of their communication with their siblings. Participants also completed measures of their trait willingness to communicate, their willingness to communicate with their siblings, and their solidarity with their siblings. People's willingness to communicate and willingness to communicate with their siblings was positively related to their frequency, breadth, and depth of communication with their siblings. Solidarity was also found to be positively related to frequency, breadth, and depth of communication.     

Framing Effects of News Coverage of the Embryonic Stem Cell Controversy: Issue Involvement as an Effects Moderator

This study examines reactions to ethical and strategic framing in the news coverage of the embryonic stem cell research controversy, depending on the level of issue involvement. In order to test hypotheses regarding the effects of strategic vs. ethical frames and the moderating role played by issue involvement, an online experiment was conducted. Results indicated that these two frames interacted with issue involvement and generated different reactions among participants.     

姿态 结构 重心——关于新闻理论研究的几点思考

以怎样的姿态对待新闻理论研究,建构什么样的新闻理论体系,当前和今后一段时期新闻理论研究的重心应该向什么领域转移或者倾斜,本文作者提出了自己的一些初步看法,具有一定的启发意义。     

文化、权力与多元性:关于媒介批评学科体系建设的思考

随着大众传媒与社会生活的关系日益紧密,旨在为观察、分析、阐释错综复杂的媒介现象提供理论与方法的传播学分支学科——媒介批评——的重要性正日益凸显。然而,目前我国的媒介批评学科体系中存在着包罗万象、还原主义和重理论轻实践的三种倾向,制约着媒介批评学科的发展。本文认为,媒介批评学科体系的建构需在文化、权力分配与多元性的框架内展开,赋予该学科以真正的批评力量,切实推动社会变迁。     

Cads,Dads, and Magazines: Women's Sexual Preferences and Articles about Sex and Relationships

The framing of sexual content in women's magazines reflect two different approaches to the selection of a romantic partner: the selection of (a) a stable partner for a long-term relationship vs. (b) an attractive rogue for a fling. The effects of such framing on women's partner preferences were explored in this laboratory experiment. Women with different relationship goals were randomly assigned to read an article from a women's lifestyle magazine (Cosmopolitan) that framed sex in either relational or recreational terms before completing explicit and implicit measures of partner trait preferences. Article frame did affect the importance of appearance-related traits in a potential romantic partner as well as implicit preferences for frame-consistent partner traits. Results are discussed in terms of media framing effects.     

媒介融合前景下的新闻传播变革——试论“融合新闻”及其挑战

“融合媒介”与“融合新闻”是目前传媒业全球性发展的前沿课题。传统大众媒介的数字化生存和普通公众对新闻传播的“分享,”成为新闻传播发展的必然趋势。本文通过对中外新闻传媒最新变化的观察和研究,分析了“融合新闻”使新闻传播业务正在发生的变化,以及这种变化带来的挑战。     

On the Boundaries of Framing Terrorism: Guilt,Victimization, and the 2016 Orlando Shooting

The 2016 Orlando shooting offers an intriguing lens through which to evaluate the boundaries of media frames in the interpretation of terrorism. Using an experimental design (N = 243), the current study investigated the effects of two dominant frames—the homophobic hate crime and the Islamic terrorist frame—on collective guilt, collective victimization, and pro–lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) political action. In addition, political partisanship and social network diversity were evaluated as potential moderators. Compared to the Islamic terrorist frame, exposure to the homophobic hate crime frame increased collective guilt and decreased collective victimization, subsequently enhancing support for the LGBTQ community. Moreover, social network diversity was shown to override the framing effect, as individuals who reported high diversity were more likely to sign a petition in solidarity with the LGBTQ community, irrespective of frame condition.     

The Prostitute's Voice in the Public Eye: Police Tactics of Security and Discipline Within Victorian Journalism

There was a shift in public rationality concerning prostitution in Victorian Britain, marked by the passing of the first Contagious Diseases (C.D.) Act of 1864. While the efforts of statisticians were critical in shifting public perception of prostitutes from “the fallen woman” to the more pedestrian harlot, popular discourse also had a part in generating this new rationality. Employing Foucault's conceptualization of police, the appropriation of the prostitute's voice within popular newspapers acted as a tactic of police. This is illustrated through a case study of anonymous letters to the editor of the Times of London in February 1858.     

纪实影像:基于特定时空的信息传播媒介——兼议真实、客观的四个理解原则

本文围绕纪实影像如何传递信息展开阐述,认为虽然从技术理性看,纪实影像确实是对眼前生活景象的复制,但它自身的媒介属性(尤其是所涉及到的时空问题),却理应在人文逻辑中得到解释,并由此重新梳理了对新闻工作中真实、客观的理解。     

Giving voice to the accused: Serial and the critical potential of true crime

The first season of Serial, to date the most popular podcast in the medium’s decade-long history, told the story of the conviction of 18-year-old Adnan Syed in 2000 for the murder of his ex-girlfriend, Hae Min Lee. At the center of Serial, producer Sarah Koenig presented Syed’s voice, his take on the prosecution’s evidence, and his own contemporaneous experience. This essay examines the way Serial used Syed’s voice to challenge institutional truth claims from within the textual space of crime journalism. “Criminal biography,” as a genre affordance of true crime, offers a textual means to interrogate modes of truth production and representation.     

Fantasy,Pragmatism and Journalistic Socialisation: UK Journalism Students’ Aspirations and Motivations

ABSTRACT

Despite the sustained growth in journalism as a choice of degree path for young people, our understanding of students’ aspirations and motivations remains relatively underdeveloped. At the same time, journalism careers appear increasingly uncertain, as the industry responds to digitalisation and convergence. In this mixed-methods study – employing 35 interviews and a survey of 837 UK journalism students – we ask what areas of journalism do students aspire towards, how do they feel about their future career prospects, and what is motivating them to study journalism in the first place? We find that intrinsic motivations (calling and talent, dynamic job) prevail over public service ones, with students drawn to soft news beats over hard news. Aspirations are also strikingly gendered, opening up questions of journalism education in this process. We also find that while students articulate an aspirational career in respected media outlets, they are pragmatic about their immediate career prospects. Here, journalism education appears to play a significant role in socialising students towards careers beyond journalism. Findings are discussed in the light of ongoing debates around journalistic socialisation and the future of journalism.     

论1930年代北平新闻学话语的逻辑构成与纠葛——以《世界日报·新闻学周刊》为文本个案

1930年代初中期,北平存在三种新闻学话语实践,大众新闻学话语以自由主义-民族主义的路径达成体系,统制新闻学话语存在阶级对抗/国家主义、民主民权/国家主义的二元对应逻辑;苏联新闻学话语则存在革命与建设的逻辑转用难题。大众的迷思、粗糙的阶级分析以及民族国家认同上的偏差,使诸等新闻学话语内涵斑驳,纠葛难清,反映出新闻界和教育界对北平新闻业多元而复杂的反思历程。     

绘本中图像与文字之间的关系

绘本中的图像和文字同等重要,它们各司其职而又相辅相成、彼此融合。依据绘本中常见的图像与文字互动配合形式将图文关系分为五种类型,探讨图像与文字之间多样复杂的关系,以拓展图文关系研究方向。