智力风格的实践支持与理论困惑

提出智力风格构念的目的在于整合不同的风格理论与模型,在传统核心构念如能力、人格等基础上,增强我们解释和预测学生学习成绩的能力。1930年代以来,不同类型的智力风格(如认知风格、学习风格)不断被提出并在教与学的各个领域得以大量研究与应用。文章从学习成绩的视角总结回顾了智力风格在教育心理学领域的应用研究。以此为基础,分析了教师与学生风格匹配与学习者自我风格意识两个重要的争议性的问题,并提出了可能的研究方向。     

Race-reimaging educational psychology research: Investigating constructs through the lens of race and culture

Despite increasing racial and cultural diversity in the United States and many other industrialized countries, less than 2% of research published in top-tier educational psychology journals authentically examines the experiences of racial and cultural minorities. Through this special issue, we not only aim to increase representation of these populations in our research, but we also strive to promote greater integrity in how racial and cultural constructs are managed in the theories, methods, analyses, and interpretations of educational psychology research. In this introduction article, we define and discuss race-reimaging in educational psychology. Further, we briefly review the historical and contemporary issues in conventional psychological research that necessitate race-reimaging and underscore its appeal. Subsequently, we introduce each article in the special issue and speak to how its respective race-reimaging qualities inform as well as extend traditional educational psychology constructs. Finally, we point to special guest commentary by Paul Schutz and conclude with implications for race-reimaged research broadly.     

Continuities and discontinuities: Future directions for research in educational psychology

The purpose of this article is to suggest future directions for research in educational psychology as we enter our second hundred years of psychology in America. The basic theme is that there are both continuities and discontinuities in our development from the early days of Hall, Thorndike, James, and Dewey to the current multiplicity of perspectives represented in educational psychology. Eight issues are presented that will guide future research directions. They include. (a) specifying basic constructs; (b) developing integrative models and linkages between constructs; (c) returning to the problems of acquisition, learning, and transfer; (d) applying models from the sciences and mathematics; (e) dealing with the discontinuity of contextual and cultural models; (0 including content and disciplinary perspectives; (g) adapting to diversity; and (h) developing multiple perspectives an the unit of analysis issue. The article concludes with a call for the allowance of multiple perspectives and multiple possible selves for educational psychologists while maintaining a commitment to psychological models and the improvement of education.     

AMERICAN RACISM: THE NULL CURRICULUM IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Religious educators, in neglecting to account for race in their theories, have ignored the historical legacy of institutional racism. In fact, religious education has demonstrated an inadequate response to race and racism throughout its history. As evidenced by slavery and immigration history in the United States, race must be seen as a sociohistorical and legal construction. Its influence goes beyond the assimilationist ideology taught in early Methodist curricula. The article suggests that the Bible can be a rich multicultural curriculum resource because of its positive treatment of Africans.     

Program of Study and Social Integration

While Tinto’s (1975, 1987, 1993) Interactionalist Model has reached near paradigmatic status, and introduced the construct of social integration, the research has been inconsistent when applied to community college student retention. This has led Maxwell (2000) and Deil-Amen (2011) to suggest that a different construct of social integration exists in community colleges. This construct focuses less on purely social activities and more on both peer groups centered on academically related activities, along with interactions with faculty and students inside the classroom. While previous research found that these two constructs of social integration were highly related (Mertes, 2015), differences were found when investigating gender. But the previous research did not consider the impact of program of study and potential interactions with other variables including gender, race, and age. The current study sought to investigate the impact of program of study (i.e., occupational vs. transfer) on both constructs, as well as the impact of the interaction of program of study and additional variables including gender, race, and age. After conducting the analysis, it was found that while overall program of study did not significantly impact either construct of social integration, a significant gender difference was found on the alternative construct of social integration as suggested by Maxwell and Deil-Amen. Future research strategies including utilizing campus ecology theory are then discussed.     

Operational Definitions and Assessment of Higher-Order Cognitive Constructs

The educational psychology literature is replete with references to higher-order cognitive constructs, such as critical thinking and creativity. Presumably, these constructs represent the primary processes and outcomes that educators should promote in students. For these constructs to be maximally useful, they must be transformed into specific operational definitions that lead to reliable and valid assessment strategies. Minimizing overlap in the definitions and assessment of different concepts would contribute to an orderly accumulation of knowledge about the constructs in question. The ideal would be for each construct to have a definition that is distinct from the definitions of other cognitive constructs. Although higher-order cognitive constructs have much surface appeal, their utility is tied to the clarity and fidelity of their definitions and assessment procedures.     

建构主义观下的大学体育课教学模式设计

从教育心理学的角度,运用建构主义观点,对大学体育课教学模式进行较系统地设计和研究.改变过去那种传统的教学模式,为进一步提高教学效果,开发学生思维,提高学生的学习自觉性和积极性,推动高校教育教学改革的发展和进步.     

Toward a Bilingual School Psychology Model

The psychoeducational models currently used in schools have been ineffective in enhancing the academic achievement of Hispanic children. Concerns about improving testing and instructional programs frequently have followed disparate routes. Testing and instruction should be considered as inseparable and integrated elements in the process of providing quality. educational services for these children. It is argued that a sociohistorical perspective can provide a theoretical base to integrate testing and instruction and data on language and sociocultural factors. An integrated view of these factors can guide the development of a bilingual school psychology committed to the improvement of school experiences and academic progress of Hispanic children.     

Case Study as a Constructivist Pedagogy for Teaching Educational Psychology

Recent interest and inquiry into constructivism, pedagogical content knowledge, and case study methodology are influencing the content and goals of educational psychology in teacher preparation. The reasons seem clear: The content of educational psychology lends itself to authentic, active, and pragmatic applications of theory to school practices, as well as to investigations of a variety of educational issues, perspectives, and contexts which can be viewed through case study, a constructivist problem-based approach to learning. Widely-used educational psychology texts are including constructivism as a cognitive alternative to behaviorist and information processing views of teaching and learning. Concurrently, case studies are being integrated in educational psychology texts, and a myriad of case texts have appeared with application to educational psychology courses. This article considers the decisions, benefits, and difficulties in teaching educational psychology through a constructivist case study approach.     

The importance of emotion in theories of motivation: empirical,methodological, and theoretical considerations from a goal theory perspective

Despite its importance to educational psychology, prominent theories of motivation have mostly ignored emotion. In this paper, we review theoretical conceptions of the relation between motivation and emotion and discuss the role of emotion in understanding student motivation in classrooms. We demonstrate that emotion is one of the best indicators of the classroom goal structure as well as of students’ reports of avoidance behaviors. Furthermore, we suggest that emotional constructs should be included in comprehensive studies and theories of motivation. We conclude with a discussion of both methodological and theoretical implications of including emotion in classroom studies of motivation.     

Social Design Experiments: Toward Equity by Design

In this article, we advance an approach to design research that is organized around a commitment to transforming the educational and social circumstances of members of non-dominant communities as a means of promoting social equity and learning. We refer to this approach as social design experimentation. The goals of social design experiments include the traditional aim of design experiments to create theoreticallygrounded and practical educational interventions, the social agenda of ameliorating and redressing historical injustices, and the development of theories focused on the organization of equitable learning opportunities. To illustrate how we use social design methodology, we present two examples that strategically reorganized the sociohistorical practices of communities to expand learning as a key goal. We conclude with a discussion of the opportunities this approach creates for learning scientists to form effective research partnerships with community members, as well as the responsibilities it entails for creating a more just society.     

Extending the constructs of active learning: implications for teachers' pedagogy and practice

Active learning is a pedagogical construct widely appealed to within the global discourse of lifelong learning. However, an examination of the literature reveals a lack of clarity and consensus as to its meaning. This article provides a critical analysis of a range of dimensions underpinning the concept of active learning including policy discourses, definitions, interpretation and enactments in educational settings, and resultant pedagogical implications. A more robust theoretical framework is presented to support educator understanding which synthesises and extends current constructs and which bridges the divide between active learning considered as either theory of learning or pedagogical strategy.     

以教育心理学视角看当前网络教育存在的缺陷

基于Internet技术的网络教育已成为一种重要的教育形式。从教育心理学视角来看,我国当前的网络教育存在着三方面的缺陷。为了促进网络教育的健康发展,我们应该正视这些缺陷并对其做深入研究。     

Books Received

This article is concerned with the ways in which historians may write about post‐1945 British education. In particular, it argues that accounts of education policy and practice may be distorted by the race and ethnic discourses embedded in both the analytical frameworks which historians employ and in the primary source materials with which we work.

We begin by exploring the problems which inhere in the concepts race and ethnicity, arguing that the historian should be wary of importing common sense constructs into historical analysis. Discussion then turns to a critical review of a number of texts written by educationalists and policy‐makers from the early 1960s to the publication of the Swann Report; these texts constructed a particular “race relational” reading of pupil populations and educational “problems”. We summarise the key themes of the period‐texts and consider some new directions for education history‐writing.     

Making social justice within educational psychology relevant to preservice teachers

We believe that teacher credential programs and, specifically, educational psychology courses should encourage future teachers to act in ways that promote social justice within their school communities as well as the community at large. In this article, we share how we respond to students' concerns, how we infuse a social justice orientation in our educational psychology courses, and how we struggle to attain a social constructivist perspective in a standards-driven context where we find our community of learners.     

Choosing the arts: the moral regulation of parents in the educational marketplace

The neoliberal turn in public education positions the parent as a consumer within an expanding educational marketplace. This shift is premised on the notion that the free market is best suited to promote equity. Critics of this claim highlight how a larger choice arena creates additional opportunities for privileged parents to mobilize their resources to further their child’s advantages. While extremely important, this framework of analysis ignores the role that educational choice plays in producing parent subjectivities. In this article, we explore how parents at one specialized arts high school construct notions of the ‘good/moral’ parent around the decision to ‘choose the arts,’ and how these categories work to reinforce dominant race, class, and gender hierarchies within the school. We hope to illuminate how educational choice is not solely about shaping the material and symbolic conditions of the child; it is about producing parent subjectivities as well.     

Univariate analysis of multivariate outcomes in educational psychology

Multiple operational definitions in educational psychology research reflect the complexity inherent in both theoretical and empircal inquiry into teaching-learning activities and their interactions. The application of univariate techniques, however, to analyze multiply operationalized constructs results in profligate Type I error rates. The present purpose was to examine the prevalence of multiple operational definitions of outcome constructs and to estimate the incidence of Type I error rates when univariate procedures are applied to multiple variables in educational psychology.     

The journey of two Latino educators: our collective resilience

This article represents a journey into education undertaken by two Latino educators from diverse generations. Through the content of the narratives, we emphasize that success was achieved within the presence of oppression. The narratives reveal significant constructs that shaped our journey. For the first author, Pablo, role models, pivotal moments, and resistance had a powerful influence in his journey. Family lessons and self-sacrifice were key to the success of the second author, Yolanda. These constructs contributed to both of our resilience and success. We suggest that the aforementioned constructs have significant implications for Latino youth in the educational system.     

Educology: The theory of educational practice

The relationship between psychology and education may be expressed in terms of two general models: the traditional hierarchical model, according to which psychology is the “parent” discipline; and a parallel model, in which the relationship between “pure” theory and its application is metaphoric rather than paradigmatic. The hierarchical model, however, does not hold even for such a “tight” area as behavior modification, let alone for educational practice in general.Educational practice, as a professional enterprise, should be guided by a consistent set of constructs taken from the practitioner's universe of discourse. The professionalization of education has been delayed because of attempts, mostly vain, to guide practice by applying constructs derived from other disciplines. Other disciplines, notably psychology, can be useful for education but in a metaphoric sense only. “Educology” is suggested as a convenient term for the set of constructs that should give coherence to educational decision-making.     

Race focusing and reimaging research: Where do we go from here?

The authors in this special issue focus on race focusing and reimaging research. In this commentary, I acknowledge the importance of their contributions to the field of educational psychology by highlighting the authors; 1) creative focus on important problems, 2) thoughtful use of research methods and methodologies with attention to rigor, and 3) acknowledgement of the importance of social historical contexts for researchers. In addition, I present my thoughts on some of the challenges moving forward for researchers who focus on race focusing and reimaging inquiry in educational psychology.