Mentors assessing mentees? An overview and analyses of the mentorship role concerning newly qualified teachers

Sweden has no tradition of mentors participating in the formal summative assessment of newly qualified teachers. However, an Inquiry Committee Report proposed that mentors should have some involvement in this process. This article reports on the results of an examination of 108 official responses to the Inquiry Report submitted to the Ministry of Education and provides a research overview. The results show that only 23 of the 108 responses mention assessment, and none of these are positive to the proposed expansion of the mentor’s duties. Only four responses include an explicit discussion of the relationship between mentors and mentees. These results are discussed in the light of research into relations between mentors and mentees and whether or not mentors should participate in the assessment of their mentees. One conclusion is that answers to this question need to relate to the prerequisites, values and objectives of the educational context.     

教育生命视阈下的教师专业发展论纲(二)

教师专业发展是专业知识或能力的发展,也是教育生命的实现与发展。从教育生命发展的角度审视教师专业发展,构建教育生命视阈下的教师专业发展研究的新体系,已成为迫切需要研究的课题。     

Pedagogical perspectives on the relationships between higher education and working life

The relationship between higher educationinstitutions and their environment has changedmarkedly during the last two decades.Massification and diversification of the highereducation system, economic globalisation, novelmodes of knowledge production, new professionalrequirements and the establishment of newvocational higher education systems in manycountries have challenged higher educationinstitutions to develop new forms ofcollaboration with working life. The newsituation also challenges higher education todevelop pedagogical and educational thinkingand practices. The purpose of this article isto examine the pedagogical aspects of theincreasing interaction and collaboration thatis taking place between higher education andworking life and to outline what kind ofchallenges it poses for research on highereducation. It is emphasised that from thepedagogical viewpoint integration betweentheory and practice in work-based learning isessential. Our general conclusion is that therelationship between higher education andworking life should be examined at least fromfour different perspectives: (1) from theviewpoint of student learning and thedevelopment of expertise, (2) from the viewpointof educational institutions and staff, (3) fromthe viewpoint of working life organisations andemployers, and (4) from the viewpoint of societyand the system of education.     

对英格兰《教师专业标准》的解读及思考

本文在分析2007年9月英格兰施行的《教师专业标准》特点的基础上,以英国合格教师资格标准为例,客观地分析了我国现行教师职业标准中存在的问题,提出了建设性改进意见,以进一步完善我国的教师资格标准的制定,提高教师队伍的整体素质。     

英国教师教育专业新标准述评

为了进一步提升教师教育的质量,建立教师队伍高标准资格框架,奠定教师持续性专业发展的坚实基础,不久前,英国学校培训与发展署颁布了新修订的《合格教师资格标准与教师职前培训要求》,对职前教师培养提出了新的规定性要求.该文件取代了2002年以来实施的现行的标准和要求,并将于2007年9月付诸实施.文本拟就此次修订的背景与过程、新的标准与要求内容作一简要说明与分析,以期对我国提供有益的启示与借鉴.     

我国高等院校教师教育专业机构存在的问题及政策建议

通过对具有普通高等学历招生资格的820所高等学校设置的教师教育专业机构的分析,发现我国高等院校教师教育专业机构缺乏资质标准、区域分布不均衡、组织管理分散以及一流综合性大学参与教师教育专业机构建设的积极性不高等问题。基于此,提出如下政策建议:研制教师教育专业机构的资质标准;加大对中西部省份教师教育专业机构建设的支持力度;加强教师教育专业机构的管理制度创新;一流综合性大学应该承担起教师教育的社会责任。     

特殊教育教师专业化与特殊需要教育

教师专业化发展是促进我国特殊教育事业更快发展的重要途径。而国内对教师专业发展的研究多指向于普通教育 ,对特殊教育教师的专业成熟尚未进行系统的理论和实践的研究。本文立足于分析目前我国特教教师素质的现状和教师专业化存在的问题 ;指出特教教师走专业化道路的重要性和必要性 ,并试图总结出我国特教教师达到专业化的标准和提高专业化水平、促进专业成熟的途径。     

从“双师型”教师政策的演进看职业教育教师专业发展的定位

“双师型”教师政策是国家在特定阶段解决职业教育技能型教师短缺问题而制定的方案,其宗旨在于优化教师队伍素质结构,提升职业教育质量。从“双师型”教师政策的演进过程来看,国家对于职业教育教师业务水平的要求越来越高,对于职业教育教师素质的要求越来越专业化。准确定位职业教育教师专业发展,对于加强“双师型”教师队伍建设十分必要。     

论生命观照下的高师教育类课程

教师专业发展其实质是教师生命的发展。高师教育类课程应关注师范生的生命成长,以＂经验人本＂作为课程的价值取向,增加教师生命教育的课程内容,以生命体验作为课程实施的策略,讲求发展性课程评价,促进师范生生命的完满。     

制定教师教育课程标准：意义与价值

教师教育课程标准对于规范教师教育课程、提升教师教育质量、促进教师专业发展都有十分重要的意义和价值。制定教师教育课程标准是一项十分重要的工程,必须从全局性、战略性的高度认识教师教育课程标准研制工作。     

Does undergraduate education influence teachers’ perceptions of learning and teaching? The case of the Republic of Slovenia

In the first part of the paper, different models of teacher education are presented and analysed: the pre‐technocratic model or the model of training master craftsmen; the technocratic model or the model of applied science; and the post‐technocratic model or the reflexive model. In the second part of the paper, the results of the empirical research are presented. The aim of the empirical research was to determine the influence of undergraduate teacher education on teachers’ perceptions of learning and teaching and, consequently, on teachers’ actions. In Slovenia, teachers’ education was carried out following two main models: the pre‐technocratic model or model of training master craftsmen, which was typical for the Academy of Education, and the technocratic model or the so‐called model of applied science, which is used at the education faculties nowadays. Because of this dualism in teachers’ education models, there exist differences between teachers and their perception and actions as well.     

教师实践共同体:教师专业发展的新视角

本文分析了教师实践共同体的内涵和特点,指出作为一种学习机制的隐喻——教师实践共同体的建立,将是提高校本教师专业发展有效性的重要策略。教师实践共同体的建立有助于发展教师的实践性知识,培育合作性的教师文化,提升教师实践反思和解决问题的能力,从而提高校本教师专业发展活动的有效性与针对性。     

工学结合模式下“双师结构”型教师队伍建设

打造一支高水平的“双师结构”型教师队伍是提高高等职业教育教学质量的关键,这支队伍的建立要以满足高等职业教育教学的要求为标准,实行专兼结合,并要建立有效的管理、评价和激励机制,以提升教师队伍的总体水平。     

Common features of expertise in working life: implications for higher education

ABSTRACT

We need to know what it means to be an expert in working life today. Universities are often accused of neglecting the basic idea that higher education should be relevant to working life, and research on the subject of expertise in today’s workplace is lacking. Thirteen experts from different fields were interviewed and the obtained data were analysed using grounded theory as an analytical approach. The research questions were: (1) How do experts define expertise? (2) What kind of problems persist in their work? and (3) How are ‘routine’ and ‘adaptive’ expertise performed? The results revealed that expertise is more a social and collaborative phenomenon than an individual property. Experts develop new solutions and seek constant learning in their work. They excel at spontaneous problem solving. These findings suggest that, to prepare students to become experts, deliberate learning and practice should be provided within a framework of collaborative problem solving.     

中国大陆教师专业学习社群的内涵与发展——基于对上海市中小学的调查研究

国际上越来越多的研究表明,专业学习社群能够促进教师专业发展及推动学校变革。本研究对专业学习社群进行概念化,并基于中国的学校背景,探索出一套教师专业学习社群的表现指标,对上海市7所中小学进行抽样调查。运用主成分分析法对数据进行分析,得到适用于中国大陆的指标体系,并进一步分析教师专业学习社群的内涵与发展状况。研究发现,所调查的学校在教师合作学习、专业能力、校长领导、结构支持方面均具有良好的表现,且组织变革障碍不大。可通过改善校长领导和结构支持,控制学校内部的组织变革障碍等途径促进教师合作学习和专业能力的发展,以进一步促进教师专业学习社群的发展。     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍,分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍。分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

Interpreting a Community of Practice Perspective in Discipline-Specific Professional Development in Higher Education

Through this study we explored a community of practice framework applied to faculty professional development at a mid-size state university in order to examine the issues unique to discipline-specific professional development in higher education. Through content-focused professional development activities conducted by the authors, several key areas were identified that point to challenges in building a faculty community of teaching practice: (a) the need for a culture of professional development, (b) developing old-timers and recruiting newcomers, (c) the need for teaching scholars to coordinate professional development, (d) challenging the “culture of service”, and (e) the need for a language to mediate thinking about practice. Maria Blanton  received a Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from North Carolina State University. She is currently a Senior Executive Research Associate in the Kaput Center and an Associate Professor in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Dept at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Her research interests focus on applications of sociocultural theory in understanding teaching and learning mathematics in both elementary grades and higher education. Despina Stylianou  received an Ed.D. in mathematics education from the University of Pittsburgh. She is Associate Professor in the Department of Secondary Education at the City College of New York. Her research interests are in the area of mathematical cognition; her work explores the mathematical skills, sensibilities, and habits of mind and action that are critical to doing, learning, and using mathematics proficiently.