Beyond industry–university links: Sourcing knowledge for innovation from consultants, private research organisations and the public science-base

This paper explores the use of specialist knowledge providers as sources of information in the innovation activities of manufacturing and service firms. Specialist knowledge providers are consultancies, private research organisations and the public science-base (i.e., universities and the government research laboratories). These may be engaged by firms in co-operative arrangement for innovation or as informal sources of information. We find, as anticipated, that amongst other factors specialist knowledge providers are more likely to be engaged by firms with more open approaches to innovation, those with high levels of absorptive capacity, those with greater social capital and networking capabilities, as well as by those with deeper commitments to innovation. Overall, the use of specialist knowledge providers tends to complement firms’ own internal innovation activities and to complement other external sources of knowledge. Moreover, the individual types of specialist knowledge providers tend to complement rather than substitute for one another. Beyond this we find significant differences in the types of specialist knowledge providers used by manufacturing and service firms. Although service firms are more likely than manufacturers to use specialist knowledge providers, they are more likely to engage consultants, whilst their links with research-based organisations, including the public science-base, are weaker. We ask whether there is a case for increasing the extent to which the public science-base undertakes activities that are relevant to innovation in the services.     

The temporal trajectories of innovative search: Insights from public hospital services

This article explores the temporal trajectories of innovative search. Drawing on conceptual ideas from the behavioural theory of the firm, it proposes that the level of temporal persistence in organisations’ innovative search activities is affected by four key factors. These include (i) the mode of innovative search as well as organisations’ (ii) strategic aspirations, (iii) slack resources and (iv) performance feedback. This conceptual model is tested in the context of public hospital services in England. Results from dynamic panel data analyses reveal stronger temporal persistence in science- than in practice-based innovative search activities. Findings also suggest that specialist hospitals relying on a continuous stream of new products, services and processes to meet their strategic aspirations are better positioned to sustain science-based innovative search activities than their generalist counterparts. Similarly, results uncover a positive association between the availability of financial slack and hospitals’ ability to continuously engage in superior levels of science-based innovative search. Contrary to theoretical expectations, however, positive performance feedback does not appear to have any persistence-enhancing effect.     

Applicability of public sector reform initiatives of the Yemeni government from the integrated TOE-DOI framework

Effective resource allocation and accountability are critical for public services in countries facing a crisis, to ensure minimum inequality and even save lives. Administrative innovation is introduced as public sector reform to improve the performance and accountability of public sector organizations. Despite the said benefit, little has been done to study public administrative innovation in countries under crisis. This study extends the literature by examining the attitude of civil service managers to the administrative innovation in the Yemeni government representing a country in crisis from an integrated perspective of technology-organization-environment (TOE) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. Data was collected from a survey of 200 civil service managers of the Yemeni central government. The result shows that the attitude of managers to private sector management style is scored the highest representing the key tool of the public administrative innovation. On the other hand, the downsizing elements were ranked the least significant as public sector reform elements. The explanatory model highlights the use of information technology, quality of human resources, and budget management orientation as significant factors for the applicability of public administrative innovation in the Yemeni central government.     

公共预算决策的显性偏好及其对自主创新能力建设的影响

政府有责任运用财政职能支持全社会的自主创新活动.但由于部分公共预算决策主体存在"显性偏好",现行公共选择机制难以自动实现自主创新的最优投入和创新导向型的资源配置.这将给自主创新能力建设带来效率损失,为此需改善相关机制和公共政策.     

我国高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配现状调查分析

对我国高校图书馆的文献经费预算与分配现状进行问卷调查,并对问卷结果进行全面分析,进而对我国高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配工作提出几点建议.     

浅析公共图书馆在推动经典阅读中的作用

公共图书馆在推动经典阅读中的作用是显而易见的,它不仅能够为人们阅读经典提供适宜的环境和设备,使人们能够充分得享受阅读经典的分为和乐趣。同时公共图书馆还可以通过书目推荐的形式引导人们的阅读取向,也可以通过各类活动使更多的人能够参与到经典阅读中来。基于此,文章从各个方面简略论述公共图书馆在推动经典阅读中所能起到的相关作用。     

基于政府信息公开提升公共图书馆信息服务水平的探索

文章阐述了《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》的出台,为公共图书馆带来了机遇。公共图书馆应以此为契机,在搜集政府信息资源、对政府信息进行有效的组织、设立政府信息阅览室、建立政府信息集成平台、对政府信息进行科学的组织和加工并提供利用、提供全方位参考咨询、培养公众的政府信息意识等方面提升服务水平。并提出了公共图书馆在提供政府信息服务时需要注意的几个问题。     

我国图书馆阅读推广实践调查与分析

图书馆作为公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分,是开展阅读推广活动的主要阵地。本文以全国34个省市公共图书馆与全国排名前25的高校图书馆为调研对象,比较公共图书馆与高校图书馆开展阅读推广活动的不同之处及存在的问题,以促进阅读推广活动不断创新,确保推广活动深入持久地开展。     

融媒体环境下公共图书馆文旅融合度的评价指标体系构建研究

【目的/意义】融媒体环境下,传统文化资源与融媒体传播的有机结合有效推动了文旅融合的发展,本研究旨在构建融媒体环境下公共图书馆文旅融合度的评价指标体系,为我国公共图书馆文旅融合度的测量和评价提供理论依据。【方法/过程】本研究基于融媒体网络评价平台,以技术文化共生为阐释思路,应用爬虫技术获取八家代表性公共图书馆的用户评论数据,基于用户感知角度和扎根理论进行三级编码,提炼公共图书馆文旅融合度的评价指标,构建公共图书馆文旅融合度评价指标体系。【结果/结论】构建以文化盛宴、餐饮美食、住宿场所、地理位置、交通便利、空间布局、旅游胜地、文创产品、旅游纪念品、文化展览、文娱活动为一级指标的公共图书馆文旅融合评价体系,较为全面地概括了融媒体环境下公共图书馆文旅融合的评价维度。【创新/局限】本研究选取八家代表性图书馆作为研究对象,属于小样本研究,得到的评价指标尚未经过大样本检验。     

A directory of public services: Utopian notes

In the context of a general critique of the present system for providing information about public services, librarians are proposed as producers and deliverers of a file of “administrative publicity” for such services—particularly those affording opportunities, as opposed to relief from distress. Political rapport between libraries and other public agencies is seen as essential if maldistribution of information is to be overcome. Fourteen characteristics of an ideal file of administrative publicity are set forth, in an attempt to set standards by which maldistribution and shortcomings of present files may be judged. Practical models for an ideal file include the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance; the structure and indexing of these models are discussed. The essay as a whole is related to recent writings on libraries as community information centers, on cable television and libraries, and on the politics of information in the United States.     

The public library and the social entrepreneur

Eco Computer Systems has been authorised by Lewisham Council to take over three of its five libraries, Sydenham, Crofton Park and Grove Park. Each library has a self-issue system and is run by volunteers guided by policy formulated by steering groups of local organisations and local people. Darren Taylor, the founder and owner of Eco Computer Systems, explains the motivation.     

试论馆际互借与图书馆资源优化配置的关系

馆际互借使图书馆的馆藏资源获得了延伸和补充，已逐步成为图书馆信息资源建设与服务的重要组成部分。本文论述了图书馆资源优化配置的概念与内涵，分析了馆际互借与图书馆资源优化配置的密切关系和相互作用。     

论公共图书馆品牌形象定位与传播

公共图书馆品牌形象的定位和传播是其品牌建设过程中确保品牌价值得以实现的关键环节,它解决了图书馆与其品牌受众之间沟通中的“对谁说”、“说什么”和“怎样说”的问题。公共图书馆应运用整合营销传播、数据库营销、公共关系和广告等策略,在各种活动和日常工作中积极向品牌受众传播品牌认同和价值主张中的独特内容,以逐步建立良好的品牌形象。     

Estimating the causal effect of R&D subsidies in a pan-European program

We investigate the effect of Europe's largest multilateral subsidy program for R&D-performing small and medium-sized enterprises. The program applied a specific budget allocation rule, referred to as Virtual Common Pot (VCP), which is designed to avoid cross-subsidization between participating countries. This rule creates exogenous variation in funding status and allows us to identify the causal effect of public R&D grants on firm growth. In addition, we compare the program's effect under the VCP rule with the standard situation of a Real Common Pot (RCP), in which program authorities allocate a single budget according to uniform project evaluation criteria. Our estimates suggest that R&D grants had no average effect on job creation and sales growth, but treatment effects were heterogeneous and positive for high-quality projects. Under an RCP the program would have created 53% more jobs and 48% higher sales.     

Determinants of public engagement on municipal Facebook pages

Abstract

This article analyzes the determinants of public engagement on the Facebook pages of municipalities. The sample consists of 170 Italian and Spanish municipalities that used Facebook in 2014. The findings show that posting a lot of information on municipal Facebook pages does not increase the engagement of citizens. Also, frequent posting of information per se does not engage public engagement. However, if the posts are published when public can pay attention to them (e.g., off days), the likelihood of public engagement increases. Furthermore, the citizens’ engagement on municipal Facebook page depends on the level of citizens’ income – there is a negative relationship between citizens’ income and the level of participation.     

我国城市图书馆多元供给的困境分析——基于公共物品视角

以公共物品的视角分析我国城市图书馆由单一供给体制向多元供给体制转变的原因,发现城市图书馆在多元化供给中存在公益性与盈利性的矛盾,政府与市场供给边界模糊;协调机制缺失,重复建设严重;多元化供给中政府的职责不明确等问题,提出在城市图书馆多元供给中,政府应完善相关法律法规,为各供给主体进入城市图书馆领域创造条件;构建合理的交流合作机制;厘清多元化供给中各供给主体之间的关系;政府角色重新定位等对策以促进城市图书馆的健康发展。     

公共图书馆资源配置的地区差异比较与分析——以浙江、湖北、青海三省为例

为分析公共图书馆资源配置方面的地区差异及形成原因,分别以东部地区的浙江、中部地区的湖北、西部地区的青海三省为例,对千人拥有的公共图书馆数量、人均藏书量、人均购书经费等指标进行比较,在此基础上提出优化公共图书馆资源配置的建议.     

公众科学项目预算对公众参与意愿的影响

在公众科学项目展示中,研究者需要对项目预算进行详细说明,包括总体融资金额、预算条目、预算描述等。为了深入分析预算对公众科学参与意愿的影响,采用来自知名公众科学平台Experiment上的850个公众科学项目及其3,356条预算数据,本文进行了三项研究：（1）预算金额设置;（2）预算条目设置;（3）预算的文本描述。使用数据挖掘、文本挖掘和计量方法,对公众科学项目的预算及对公众参与意愿的影响进行分析。实证研究表明,预算金额对公众参与意愿具有正面影响;预算条目越丰富,越能吸引更多公众参与项目。详细的预算文本描述扩大了公众科学参与者规模以及融得的资金量,但是这种效用呈现倒U型影响。而预算文本的易读性显著提升了公众参与公众科学项目的意愿。主观性描述（相对客观性描述）降低了项目的吸引力,并具有倒U型影响。相对预测性描述,在预算中采用事实性描述能够显著提升项目的吸引力。本文展示了公众科学项目预算的影响,为公众科学项目的研究者设置和撰写有吸引力的项目预算提供了理论依据和实践参考。     

International scientist mobility and the locus of knowledge and technology transfer

Despite the growing interest of scholars and policymakers to better understand the determinants for researchers in public science to transfer knowledge and technology to firms, little is known how temporary international mobility of scientists affects both their propensity to engage in knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) as well as the locus of such transfer. Based on a sample of more than 950 German academics from science and engineering faculties, we investigate how the duration and the frequency of scientists’ visits at research institutions outside their home country affect KTT activities. We find that most mobile scientists engage in KTT to firms both in the host and in their home country, suggesting that KTT activities to firms abroad do not substitute or crowd out, but complement KTT to firms in the home country. We further find that the longer research visits abroad are, the higher the likelihood that scientists engage in KTT to firms, again both in the host and the home country. However, the more frequently scientists visit institutions abroad, the more likely they are to engage in KTT to firms only in their home country. Our results therefore provide evidence for the benefits of “brain circulation”. The article contributes to the growing strand of the literature on scientist mobility and on the determinants of industry-science linkages at the individual level.