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Nancy K. Freeman 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2007,34(5):357-366
Young children construct understandings of gender during the preschool years. They accurately apply common gender stereotypes
to toys by the time they are three and readily predict their parents’ opinions about gender-typical and cross-gender play.
This study involved 3- and 5-year-old children in identifying “girl toys” and “boy toys”. It also asked them to predict their
parents’ reactions to their choices of gender-specific toys. These children’s parents were surveyed in an effort to describe
their preferences about gender-specific toys and behaviors. Responses indicated that, in spite of evidence that many of these
parents reject common gender stereotypes, their children predicted parents would consistently apply these stereotypes as reflected
by their approval or disapproval of children’s choices to play with gender stereotyped or cross-gender toys. The mis-match
between parents’ self-described beliefs and children’s perceptions of the messages they have received about genderized play
are discussed.
相似文献
Nancy K. FreemanEmail: |
3.
Young-Suk Kim 《Reading and writing》2009,22(7):843-861
This study examined (1) the potential influence of oral language characteristics of two languages that bilingual children
acquire on their PA and (2) the relationship of PA in L1 with PA and literacy skills in L2, using data from Korean–English
bilingual children. Thirty three Korean–English bilingual children, composed of two subsamples from two different locations/bilingual
programs, participated in the study. The findings showed that the sample of bilingual children from two bilingual programs
differed in their mean performances on intrasyllabic phonological awareness in Korean (i.e., rime awareness and body awareness).
Furthermore, children’s Korean rime awareness, but not body awareness, was positively related to their phonological awareness
and literacy skills in English. Finally, these children’s phonological awareness in Korean made a positive contribution to
English decoding skills even after controlling for their English sight word reading skills. The results are discussed in light
of interlingual influence on bilingual children’s phonological awareness.
相似文献
Young-Suk KimEmail: |
4.
Joon Sun Lee 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,33(6):433-441
The 18 preschool teachers in the study tended to agree that preschool education for 4-year-olds should foremost be fun and engaging, not stressful. Teachers should develop curricula based on children’s interests and everyday lives, and allow children to choose their activities and to direct their own play and exploration at their own pace. The goal of preschool education should be to promote children’s social, emotional, and physical well-being, and not focus so much on academic learning.
相似文献
Joon Sun LeeEmail: |
5.
The present study was conducted to examine developmental progression in children’s metacognitive monitoring competencies in
the context of a complex memory task. 7- and 9-year-olds rated their confidence after answering questions in two different
question formats (unbiased and misleading) and two different question types (answerable and unanswerable). Feeling-of-knowing
judgments were gathered for questions that had previously been answered with “don’t know.” The results showed that children
from both age groups appropriately differentiated between correct and incorrect answers to unbiased questions in their confidence
judgments, between answerable and unanswerable questions, and appropriately showed lower confidence levels in their confidence
judgments than in their feeling-of-knowing judgments. 9-year-olds proved to be further able to discriminate metacognitively
between correct and incorrect answers to misleading answerable questions in their confidence judgments while 7-year-olds were
not. The comparison of feeling-of-knowing judgments before correct and incorrect recognition indicated that metacognitive
differentiation at the lower end of the uncertainty–certainty continuum posed problems for these age groups. The observation
of an adult confederate modeling appropriate metamemory monitoring did not improve children’s metacognitive performance.
相似文献
Nicole von der LindenEmail: |
6.
Angela Eckhoff 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,35(5):463-472
The visual arts can be an important and rich domain of learning for young children. In PreK education, The Task Force on Children’s
Learning and the Arts: Birth to Age Eight (Young children and the arts: Making creative connections, Washington, DC: Arts Education Partnership, 1998) recommends that art experiences for young children include activities
designed to introduce children to works of art that are high quality and developmentally appropriate in both content and presentation.
This paper documents the teaching strategies utilized by a master art teacher at the Denver Art Museum to engage preschool-age
students in art viewing experiences which were part of a museum-based art program. This research provides support for integrating
rich, meaningful art viewing experiences as a regular part of young children’s arts experiences while offering early childhood
educators teaching strategies for early art viewing experiences.
相似文献
Angela EckhoffEmail: |
7.
Lewis Roberts 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2008,39(2):121-134
Sharon Creech’s Walk Two Moons is a defining example of contemporary realistic fiction for children. This article argues that
Walk Two Moons models storytelling as a tool which children need to understand their own relationship to reality and to literature.
Rather than employing a grim verisimilitude, as some critics have charged, Creech has created a novel of realistic character
development which also challenges any simplistic understanding of children’s realistic fiction through its complex and self-referential
narrative structure and use of literary language. The result is a narrative which, in the face of painful and tragic circumstances,
empowers readers toward a hopeful and optimistic view of life’s mysteries.
相似文献
Lewis RobertsEmail: |
8.
Jennifer H. James 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,35(5):413-418
Written from the vantage point of both a mother and teacher educator, the author recounts the journey taken by Sarah, her
4-year old daughter, as she is introduced to and explores map making as a means of representing and making sense of familiar
and unfamiliar places. Offering Sarah’s experience as context, the author offers both a practical and theoretical discussion
of children’s emerging geographic literacy, its relationship to identity development and the importance of understanding children’s
experience and socio-emotional development to inform pedagogy.
相似文献
Jennifer H. JamesEmail: |
9.
Phillip D. Tomporowski Catherine L. Davis Patricia H. Miller Jack A. Naglieri 《Educational Psychology Review》2008,20(2):111-131
Studies that examine the effects of exercise on children’s intelligence, cognition, or academic achievement were reviewed
and results were discussed in light of (a) contemporary cognitive theory development directed toward exercise, (b) recent
research demonstrating the salutary effects of exercise on adults’ cognitive functioning, and (c) studies conducted with animals
that have linked physical activity to changes in neurological development and behavior. Similar to adults, exercise facilitates
children’s executive function (i.e., processes required to select, organize, and properly initiate goal-directed actions).
Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing those aspects of children’s mental functioning central
to cognitive development.
相似文献
Phillip D. TomporowskiEmail: |
10.
Young-Suk Kim 《Reading and writing》2009,22(1):57-84
Previous studies with English-speaking families in the North American context demonstrated that home literacy practices have
positive influences on children’s literacy acquisition. The present study expands previous studies by examining how home literacy
practices are related to growth trajectories of emergent literacy skills (i.e., vocabulary, letter-name knowledge, and phonological awareness) and conventional literacy
skills (i.e., word reading, pseudoword reading, and spelling), and by using data from Korean children and families (N = 192). The study revealed two dimensions of home literacy practices, home reading and parent teaching. Frequent reading
at home was positively associated with children’s emergent literacy skills as well as conventional literacy skills in Korean.
However, children whose parents reported more frequent teaching tended to have low scores in their phonological awareness,
vocabulary, word reading and pseudoword reading after accounting for home reading. These results suggest a bidirectional relationship
between home literacy practices, parent teaching in particular, and children’s literacy skills such that parents adjust their
teaching in response to their child’s literacy acquisition. Furthermore, cultural variation in views on parent teaching may
explain these results.
相似文献
Young-Suk KimEmail: |
11.
The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
David Whitebread Penny Coltman Deborah Pino Pasternak Claire Sangster Valeska Grau Sue Bingham Qais Almeqdad Demetra Demetriou 《Metacognition and Learning》2009,4(1):63-85
This paper reports on observational approaches developed within a UK study to the identification and assessment of metacognition
and self-regulation in young children in the 3–5 year age range. It is argued that the development of observational tools,
although containing methodological difficulties, allows us to make more valid assessments of children’s metacognitive and
self-regulatory abilities in this age group. The analysis of 582 metacognitive or self-regulatory videotaped ‘events’ is described,
including the development of a coding framework identifying verbal and non-verbal indicators. The construction of an observational
instrument, the Children’s Independent Learning Development (CHILD 3–5) checklist, is also reported together with evidence
of the reliability with which it can be used by classroom teachers and early indications of its external validity as a measure
of metacognition and self-regulation in young children. Given the educational significance of children’s development of metacognitive
and self-regulatory skills, it is argued that the development of such an instrument is potentially highly beneficial. The
establishment of the metacognitive and self-regulatory capabilities of young children by means of the kinds of observational
tools developed within this study also has clear and significant implications for models and theories of metacognition and
self-regulation. The paper concludes with a discussion of these implications.
相似文献
David WhitebreadEmail: |
12.
Tiina Annevirta Eero Laakkonen Riitta Kinnunen Marja Vauras 《Metacognition and Learning》2007,2(1):21-39
The aim of this study was, firstly, to explore the development of primary school children’s metacognitive knowledge from preschool
to the 2nd grade and the development of their text comprehension skill from the 1st grade to the 3rd grade. Secondly, the
developmental dynamics between metacognitive knowledge (MCK) and text comprehension skill (CS) across the first three school
years were investigated. The longitudinal sample included 181 children who were tested three times from preschool spring to
the spring term of the 3rd grade using an identical set of measurements: the Metacognitive Knowledge Test and Listening and
Reading Comprehension Tests. In studying developmental change using Latent Growth Curve modelling (LGC), no uni-construct effect for the development of MCK or for text CS was found. However, a slight multi-construct cumulative
development between the children’s MCK and reading CS was identified. Thus, it could be cautiously interpreted that the more
the children’s MCK developed from preschool to the end of the 2nd grade, the better reading CS they showed during the first
three school years.
相似文献
Tiina AnnevirtaEmail: |
13.
Suppose {X, X
n
;n≥1} is a sequence i.i.d.r.v. withEX=0 andEX
2<∞. Shao (1995) proved a conjecture of Révész (1990); ifP(X=±1)=1/2, then
. Furthermore he conjectured that
. In this paper we prove that if
then this conjecture is ture.
Project (10071072) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC). 相似文献
14.
Some educators experience difficulty documenting young children’s work in early childhood settings because of a limited understanding of the importance of documentation, what or how to document, and the effective use of documentation; limited resources (time, tools, and assistance); or predetermined curricular guidelines. Some teachers, especially inexperienced early years teachers, have trouble engaging with children and documenting simultaneously, revealing a crucial misunderstanding about the purpose of documenting. Teachers at Reggio Emilia-inspired schools throughout the United States use many forms of documentation to enhance the qualities of children’s experiences in preschool classrooms. This article addresses the dilemmas teachers face in implementing documentation in order to assist them as they move from standards-based teaching and teacher-determined content to a more constructivist approach to teaching. Ideas for using documentation shared by the authors will allow young children to construct their own knowledge and curiosity, making learning more meaningful to them and more visible to others.
相似文献
Janice KroegerEmail: |
15.
Christina M. Desai 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2006,37(2):163-184
This article explores the question of how children’s literature reflects national identity in a diverse society. Drawing parallels with Ellison’s Invisible Man, it speculates on how literary omissions and misrepresentations of diverse groups may influence the minds of young readers in their attitudes toward themselves, their nation, and others. In a sampling of the current children’s picture book literature of Malaysia in English, it relates current thinking in multiculturalist and post-colonial theory to the forms of multiculturalism found in these works. It examines this literature’s representations of history, diversity, class, gender, and values to determine who is represented, how they are portrayed, who is excluded, and what values are promoted, exploring what image of national identity this literature projects.
相似文献
Christina M. DesaiEmail: |
16.
Sanne Parlevliet 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2008,39(2):107-120
This article examines adaptations in their capacity of preserving literary heritage. It describes how the Middle Dutch beast
epic Reynard the Fox lost its position in literature for adults and became part of a literary heritage that was no longer read but only studied
for its historical value. Versions for children kept the story alive. A comparison of English and Dutch adaptations of the
beast epic demonstrates the influence of different cultural contexts on transformation strategies used to cross the bridge
between the rough medieval satire and children’s literature. While English adaptations affiliated the story to other genres,
its status as the embodiment of Dutch national character compelled Dutch rewriters to find a satisfying justification to provide
children with a story lead by a remarkably scandalous hero.
相似文献
Sanne ParlevlietEmail: |
17.
For an arbitrary subset P of the reals, a function f : V →P is defined to be a P-dominating function of a graph G = (V, E) if the sum of its function values over any closed neighbourhood is at least 1. That is, for every v ∈ V, f(N[v]) ≥ 1. The definition of total P-dominating function is obtained by simply changing ‘closed' neighborhood N[v] in the definition of P-dominating function to ‘open' neighborhood N(v). The (total) P-domination number of a graph G is defined to be the infimum of weight w(f) = ∑v ∈ V f(v) taken over all (total) P-dominating function f. Similarly, the P-edge and P-star dominating functions can be defined. In this paper we survey some recent progress on the topic of dominating functions in graph theory. Especially, we are interested in P-, P-edge and P-star dominating functions of graphs with integer values. 相似文献
18.
In this paper we explore the influence of students’ personalized notion of ‘small’ numbers based on real life experiences
on their understanding of limits. Tests were conducted on two samples of students. The first sample, consisting of students
in the XII grade, had been taught limits using an informal approach (i.e., without recourse to the definition) and the second sample, consisting of first year undergraduates, had been taught the formal definition of limits. Our research points out that most students in both samples round off to zero such ‘small numbers’ while evaluating limits wherever such numbers might occur because they perceive
limit as a process of approximation. 相似文献
19.
Recognizing meaning in students’ mathematical ideas is challenging, especially when such ideas are different from standard
mathematics. This study examined, through a teaching-scenario task, the reasoning and responses of prospective elementary
and secondary teachers to a student’s non-traditional strategy for dividing fractions. Six categories of reasoning were constructed,
making a distinction between deep and surface layers. The connections between the participants’ reasoning, their teaching
response, and their beliefs about mathematics teaching were investigated. We found that there were not only differences but
also similarities between the prospective elementary and secondary teachers’ reasoning and responses. We also found that those
who unpacked the mathematical underpinning of the student’s non-traditional strategy tended to use what we call “teacher-focused”
responses, whereas those doing less analysis work tended to construct “student-focused” responses. These results and their
implications are discussed in relation to the influential factors the participants themselves identified to explain their
approach to the given teaching-scenario task.
相似文献
Sandra CrespoEmail: |
20.
Diann L. Baecker 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2007,38(3):195-206
Scott O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins tells the archetypal story of the young, virgin, orphan girl who is vulnerable to either debauchery or rescue. That such
a girl must succumb to either one or the other is a necessary element of the archetype. In O’Dell’s work—one intended, after
all, for children—the heroine is rescued by a paternalistic figure and re-inscribed into the patriarchal world. Yet, in the
hands of young readers, Island—part fairytale, part rescue narrative, part feminist parable—becomes a story of independence and survival, despite the heroine’s
“rescue” at the end.
相似文献
Diann L. BaeckerEmail: |