Subtypes of ADH2 gene in alcoholics

Alocholism is the multifactorial disease influenced by genetic environmental interaction and genetic variation of the genes may be associated with alcohol dependence due to its modified function in behavioral and physiological responses. In the present study, genetic variation was detected in the subtypes of gene, coding for the alcohol metabolizing enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2). Blood samples were collected from the alcoholic and non alcoholic subjects and genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), analysis to determine genetic polymorphisms in the ADH2 gene subtypes. The three subtypes of ADH2 gene (ADH2.1, ADH2.2 and ADH2.3) were found in both alcoholics (Family History Positive and Family History Negative) as well as non alcoholics.     

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity in alcoholics with liver abscess and chronic alcoholics

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT) is a microsomal enzyme. Its activity in serum is assayed in alcoholics with liver abscess and alcoholics without liver abscess after screening by ultrasonography. The enzyme activity in serum is increased by 334% in the patients with liver abscess compared to normal control subjects (p<0.0001), and 172% when compared to patients with chronic alcoholism without liver abscess (p<0.0001). The enzyme activity was increased by 59.3% in the serum of patients without liver abscess compared to the normal control subjects (p<0.001). Measurement of γ-GT in serum appears to be a sensitive index in the diagnosis of alcoholics with liver abscess.     

Relationship between hs-CRP and cardiac efficiency in chronic alcoholics

High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a non-specific marker of inflammatory status has considerable interest focused due to its ability to predict myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and sudden cardiac death. Alcoholics are known to be associated with inflammation of heart. This study was taken up to look for an association between consumption of alcoholic beverages over 10 years and serum concentration of hs-CRP. 3 groups were studied, 30 age matched control, 30 non-drinkers with cardio vascular complications and 30 alcoholics with history of cardio-vascular disease. Blood was analyzed for hs-CRP. Results indicated that the level of hs-CRP was 0.17 ± 0.16 mg/lit in group 1; 0.79 ± 0.41 mg/lit in group 2 and 1.67 ± 0.16 mg/lit in group 3. A correlation was also obtained between the hs-CRP levels and cardiac efficiency in chronic alcoholics. The elevated hs-CRP levels in chronic alcoholic with heart disease could probably be due to enhanced damaging effect of alcohol on the heart and other organs.     

Hepatoprotective effect of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygrophila spinosa</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cassia occidentalis</Emphasis> on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in experimental rats

The present study was undertaken to analyze the levels of some known antioxidant (both enzymic and non enzymic) activities in the rootsof Hygrophila spinosa andCassia occidentalis also to find out the hepatoprotective effect of the same in carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in albino rats. The roots were found to be rich in antioxidants. Liver damage in rats were induced by carbon tetrachloride. To find out the hepatoprotective activity, the aqueous extract of the plant root samples were administrated to rats for 15 days. The serum marker enzymes Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Gama Glutamyl were measured in experimental animals. The increased enzyme levels after liver damage with carbon tetrachloride were nearing to normal value when treated with aqueous extract of the root samples. Histopathological observation also proved the hepatoprotectivity of the root samples.     

Potential Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacopa monnieri</Emphasis> on Nitrobenzene Induced Liver Damage in Rats

The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri in acute experimental liver injury induced by Nitrobenzene in rats. The extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was administered orally once every day for 10 days. The increased serum marker enzymes, Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were restored towards normalization significantly by the extract. Significant increase in SOD, CAT and GPx was observed in extract treated liver injured experimental rats. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues supported the hepatoprotection. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of Bacopa monieri plant possess good hepatoprotective activity.     

Diagnostic efficiency of amylase and type IV collagen in predicting chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis, an irreversible inflammatory disease of the pancreas, is associated with the replacement of the destroyed parenchyma by extended development of fibrosis. Despite marked progress in diagnostic tools, no consensus has been reached in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. In this study we examined the hematological and biochemical parameters among 40 chronic pancreatitis patients within 18 to 67 yrs. ESR level and ALP activity was elevated in 40% cases. Serum amylase activity increased in 32 patients and it showed significant correlation with ALP (r=0.458, p=0.003), CA-19.9 (r=0.556, p<0.001), and calcium level (r=−0.472, p=0.002). Type IV collagen level in chronic pancreatitis also elevated (164.4 ± 55.5 ng/ml) and showed negative significant correlation with calcium level (r= −0.505, p=0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between amylase activity and type IV collagen (r=0.289, p= 0.07).     

逍遥散治疗慢性病毒性乙型肝炎(肝郁脾虚证)50例临床观察

目的:观察逍遥散治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的临床疗效。方法:100例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者随机分为两组,观察组50例在对照组基础上口服逍遥散,150ml/次,3次/d;对照组50例口服恩替卡韦分散片,0.5mg/次,1次/d。两组患者均治疗3个疗程共12周,观察两组患者治疗前后的临床症状、体征、HBV-DNA、肝功能的变化程度。结果:观察组患者临床疗效总有效率显著高于对照组(98%vs 84%),两组间比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:加服逍遥散治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎有较好的疗效,值得临床进一步研究应用。     

Lipid abnormalities in chronic renal failure

Lipid abnormalities remain to be a major cause of early mortality in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In present study, 114 (one hundred fourteen) CRF patients without any additional cause of dyslipidemia were divided into groups on the basis of etiologies of CRF. Blood samples from each group were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol along with blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. 25 healthy individuals without any obvious disease were taken as control. Patients from all the groups showed a marked hypertriglyceridemia of 232 (SD±77) mg/dl (P<0.001) as compared to control. Levels of HDL cholesterol were found to be significantly low 20 (±11) mg/dl (p<0.001) in all the groups. LDL cholesterol showed an increase 104 (±30) mg/dl as compared to control group which is not statistically significant. Present study reveals that, CRF patients show an uniform dyslipidemia irrespective of etiologies leading to CRF. This dyslipidemia is also independent of serum creatinine levels. Although, these lipid abnormalities may not solely cause mortality in CRF patients, they may act as modulators in accelerating atherogenesis which in turn cause early mortality in CRF patients.     

电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效观察

目的:观察电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床疗效。方法:运用电针联合穴位注射方法治疗68例慢性盆腔炎患者,观察其疗效。结果:痊愈48例,显效12例,有效5例,无效3例,总有效率为95.59%。结论:电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎疗效肯定。     

慢性心力衰竭患者生活质量及干预措施研究进展

慢性心力衰竭(chronic hear failure,CHF)是一种极为复杂的临床综合征,是各种心脏病发展的最终阶段,严重危害患者及家属的生命安全和心理健康。生活质量能较全面评价生活优劣。近年来对影响心力衰竭患者生活质量的因素及干预措施不断涌现。文章结合循证医学证据和国内外最新研究,对慢性心力衰竭的生活质量及干预措施研究进展作一综述。     

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder with a unique rearrangement, the Philadelphia chromosome. Oxidative stress, a pervasive condition of an increased number of reactive oxygen species, is now recognized to be prominent feature of various diseases and their progression. Thus antioxidants, which control the oxidative stress state, represent a major line of defense regulating overall true state of health. The relationship between antioxidants status and levels of well-known markers of oxidative stress that are measured as lipid peroxides and oxidized proteins reflect better health indices and postures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of Chronic myeloid leukemia by measuring the circulating plasma lipid peroxide levels in terms of malonyldialdehyde, total lipid hydroperoxide and oxidized proteins as protein carbonyl whereas antioxidant status were estimated in terms of reduced glutathione and total thiol in plasma of Chronic myeloid leukemia patients. The present study included 47 Chronic myeloid leukemia patients and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Out of 47 Chronic myeloid leukemia patients, 31 were in chronic phase (CML-CP) and 16 in accelerated phase (CML-AP). The median age of Chronic myeloid leukemia patients was 33 years and that of controls was 32 years. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in plasma were evaluated by spectrophotometric procedures. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma malonyldialdehyde, total lipid hydroperoxide and protein carbonyl levels in Chronic myeloid leukemia patients as compared to healthy subjects. Our results also showed that plasma malonyldialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were markedly elevated (p<0.05) in both chronic phase (CML-CP) and accelerated phase (CML-AP) as compared to healthy volunteers. Antioxidant status was found to be significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Chronic myeloid leukemia patients and its phases as compared to healthy participants. It could be concluded that oxidative stress may be associated with the pathophysiology of Chronic myeloid leukemia.     

Avoidance to wipe alcohol before venipuncture is not a source of spurious hemolysis

Background

It is still uncertain whether or not avoidance to let disinfectant alcohol dry at the site of venipuncture is a source of spurious hemolysis when drawing venous blood.

Methods:

In a consecutive series of 52 outpatients referred for routine laboratory testing, venous blood was drawn by direct venipuncture with (odd group) or without (pair group) wiping 70% isopropyl alcohol at the site of venipuncture. A 3.5 mL evacuated tube with clot activator and gel separator was drawn from a vein of the upper limb, serum was immediately separated with standard centrifugation and tested for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and hemolysis index (HI) on Roche Cobas.

Results:

No specimen was discarded for unsatisfactory venipuncture. No differences for age and gender were observed between groups. As regards the four parameters investigated, no significant differences could be observed between patients in whom blood was drawn with or without letting the alcohol dry. It is also noteworthy that no sample in both groups exceeded the conventional sample rejection threshold of cell-free hemoglobin.

Conclusions:

The results of our prospective, randomized study attest that failure to wipe alcohol at the site of venipuncture should not be considered as a potential source of spurious hemolysis when drawing blood.     

新形势下民办大学校友会建设应如何发力

校友会是学校的一个特殊机构,其运营成功与否直接影响着学校在社会上的声誉、品牌认可度和社会影响力。良性运营的校友会在招生就业、学生培养上都有着不可忽略的正向推动,其本身亦是一张彰显学校软硬实力的名片和能够体现教育"百年育人"的人才传承性的最佳证明。民办大学作为普通高等教育的载体,办学时间短、人才培养连贯性欠佳,底蕴浅薄,新形势下重视校友会的建设能大大提升学校的品牌度和竞争力。现阶段国内各高校的校友会建设均未达到长期有效运行的状态,将一部分精力放到校友会建设中可大大缩短学校的宣传成本,达到经济效益和社会效益的双赢。校友会的良性运行会使学校和学生的发展事半功倍,应引起民办大学足够的重视和关注。     

The response of liver lipid peroxidative and antioxidant defense systems of protein undernourished rats to liver regeneration

The response of liver lipid peroxidative and antioxidant defense system of protein undernourished rats to liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy was examined in rats. Animals were divided into four groups; A,B,C and D of four animals each. Animals in group A were maintained on 16% casein diet while those in groups B, C and D were placed on low-protein diet (5% casein) for fourteen weeks and fed ad libitum. 72 hours before sacrifice, partial hepatectomy was carried out on animals in group D while animals in group C were sham-operated. The results show that protein undernutrition induced an increase in lipid peroxidation but reduced catalase activity, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity when compared with well-nourished rats. Liver regeneration however, resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity but significant reductions in glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in protein undernutrition rats when compared with their sham-operated counterparts. These results suggest that liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy exacerbates lipid peroxidation in protein undernutrition rats and that Catalase plays a major role in the mopping up of reactive oxygen species generated following liver regeneration in partially hepatectomised protein undernutrition rats.     

发挥科技社团作用，促进高职教育发展

高职教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,近年来高职教育得到迅猛发展。为适应社会需求,高职教育需要更加全面健康发展。科技社团具有人才聚集、智慧聚集和人才网络广泛等特点,非常适合与高职教育合作。重点探讨如何充分发挥科技社团作用,促进高职教育发展。     

数据挖掘中的关联规则方法

介绍了关联规则的基本概念,总结了关联规则的分类及各种挖掘算法,并对一些典型算法进行了介绍,最后展望了关联规则挖掘的下一步研究方向。     

Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of turmeric extract and vitamin E in mice exposed to therapeutic dose of radioiodine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of turmeric extract (40 mg/kg body weight) and vitamin E (α- tocopherol acetate, 400 IU/kg body weight) supplementation on lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes in various organs like liver, kidney and salivary glands at 24 h in adult Swiss mice. ¹³¹Iodine exposure significantly increased lipid peroxidation in kidney and salivary glands in comparison to control animals. Pre supplementation with turmeric extract for 15 days showed significant lowering of lipid peroxidation in kidney. On the other hand vitamin E pre supplementation showed marked reduction in lipid peroxidation in salivary glands. Reduced glutathione levels decreased significantly in liver after radiation exposure. However, pre supplementation with turmeric extract and vitamin E did not improve glutathione levels in liver. In conclusion, we have observed differential radioprotective effect of turmeric extract and vitamin E in kidney and salivary glands. However, Vitamin E seems to offer better radioprotection for salivary glands which is known to be the major site of cellular destruction after radioiodine therapy in patients.     

Pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant status in patients of sickle cell anaemia

The role of oxidant damage to red cells in sickle cell anaemia has been of interest in recent years. Although, available reports suggest that sickle cell erythrocytes are susceptible to endogenous free radical mediated oxidant damage there remains discrepancy in the status of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant vitamins in these patients. In view of this, 107 cases of sickle cell anaemia (36 ‘SS’ and 71 ‘AS’ pattern—as confirmed by haemoglobin electrophoresis) were subjected to analysis of malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and albumin. The results were compared with 54 age and sex matched healthy controls. The results indicate a marked increase in lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase levels in both ‘SS’ and ‘AS’ types of sickle cell anaemia as compared to controls. Although no difference was observed in the levels of albumin in these groups the levels of ascorbic acid were significantly depleted in sickle cell anaemia patients. The results are indicative of enhanced lipid peroxidation along with imbalance in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant status in patients of sickle cell anaemia.     

Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes: Effects of antidiabetic compounds

Diabetes has been classified as a disease of glucose overproduction by tissues, mainly liver and glucose underutilization by insulin requiring tissues like liver, adipose and muscle due to lack of insulin. There is, however, glucose over utilization in tissues not dependent on insulin for glucose transport like kidney, nerve and brain. There are serious complications due to this excess glucose in these tissues and their reversal is important for a good metabolic control and normalisation of other parameters. Insulin, trace metals and some plant extracts have been used to see the reversal effects of the complications of diabetes in liver and kidney in experimental diabetes. Almost complete reversal of the metabolic changes has been achieved in the activities of key enzymes of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney and an effective glucose control has been achieved suggesting a combination of therapies in the treatment of metabolic disturbance of the diabetic state.