Co-counseling Supervision in Practicum

Two groups of 12 trainees were exposed to either monitor-modeling or immediate-feedback supervision in their practicum. Ten-minute individual counseling sessions with coached clients were taped before and after the practicum. Three independent judges rated the tapes, using Carkhuff's scales for gross ratings of facultative interpersonal functioning (Carkhuff 1969). Results indicated that (a) the judges' mean ratings from pretest to posttest increased significantly for the monitor-modeling group but not for the immediate-feedback group; (b) although the results approached significance (p < .09), there were no significant differences on the posttest; and (c) the amount of growth from pretest to posttest was significantly greater for the monitor-modeling group. The data supports the relative effectiveness of monitor-modeling supervision. Additional, more extensive evaluations are suggested to more fully assess the relative value of such team approaches to supervision.     

构建以学生为中心的外语教学策略

外语学习是一个积极的动态过程，是学生综合利用各种策略模式对信息积极加工、对学习过程自我监控，从而达到自然运用第二语言的过程。因此，在外语教学中必须充分利用现代化的教学手段和教学理念，紧紧围绕学生这个学习的主体，积极倡导和推行自主性学习策略和适应性教学策略。它改变了原来的师生间僵化对立的授受关系，使学生在外语学习过程中凭借自己良好的感觉和充分的自信进行愉悦而有效的学习，真正体会到外语学习的快乐，从而获得终身学习的能力。     

Peer Evaluation and Practicum Supervision

An investigation was made to determine the interrater reliability and validity of peer evaluations in a practicum setting. The interrater reliability on the Rating Scale of Counselor Effectiveness was high. Validity was determined by comparing student evaluations with supervisor evaluations. Agreement shown by rank order correlations was high, but differences in absolute scores between student and supervisor were significant with students consistently rating their peers higher.     

Review of Research on Practicum Supervision

This six-year review of research on practicum supervision examines articles in terms of findings and the research designs employed. Research is classified according to (a) counselor—supervisor similarity, (b) training methods, and (c) evaluation. Conclusions from the review indicate: (a) the investigators found no support for matching counselors and supervisors according to similar traits; (b) there was some support for modeling, didactic, and experiential methods; (c) there was some support for peer supervision; and (d) an experimental design was used in only 4 of the 19 studies examined.     

Current Trends in Practicum Supervision Research

This article presents a conceptual framework and explores the results and implications of practicum research published from 1975–1982. Forty-two studies were found pertaining directly to practicum supervision and were divided into two categories: maximizing effectiveness of the practicum experience and specific techniques in practicum supervision. Overall, practicum supervision was found to be a worthwhile and beneficial experience and a necessary part of counselor education programs. Focusing on the personality characteristics or value systems of supervisors or supervisees, however, produced mixed results in predicting training effectiveness. There was greater consistency in the examination of specific techniques in supervision with positive outcomes resulting from the utilization of microtraining, dual supervision, peer supervision, modeling, and IPR. The use of programmed instruction was not supported.     

Review of Research on Practicum Supervision

This five-year review of research on practicum supervision examines research findings and research designs. Research is classified according to the role of the supervisor, the training procedure, and the rating systems. The major focus of research has been on training in the core conditions of facilitative communication. Modeling techniques have been used effectively in practicum, didactic approaches have been more effective than experiential approaches, and audiotape procedures in training were as effective as videotape techniques.     

Review of Research on Practicum Supervision

This 10-year review of articles on practicum supervision examines articles in terms of findings and research design employed. Research is classified according to (a) role of the supervisor, (b) process of supervision, and (c) rating systems in practicum. While the studies reviewed were indicative of prevalent characteristics of counselor candidates and procedures for rating their counseling performance, still unclear are: expected supervisory roles, the effects of various roles on trainee performance, and the differential effectiveness of contemporary methods of supervision in assisting counselors to work more effectively with their clients. More highly refined experimental studies of counselor supervision are urged.     

以学生为中心培养交际能力的教学探索

培养和提高语言学习者运用目的语正确、流利、得体地进行跨文化交际是交际语言教学的目标.因此,外语教学应以交际能力培养为纲,以语言实践为主线,发展学生的综合外语素质.在外语教学中,对学生交际能力的培养、训练主要是在课堂内进行,所以成功的课堂教学模式对培养良好的交际能力起着至关重要的作用.     

论师范生教育实习中的角色定位

高等师范院校的教育专业实习中,师范生面临的困惑之一是如何给自己做正确的角色定位.在实习过程中认清角色及正确定位,从而实现各种不同角色的转换是取得实习成效的重要环节.在角色定位中的不同主体和实习的不同阶段,都存在定位的偏差,形成偏差是由于社会发展与现实的原因造成的,通过学习与反馈,将会使角色定位的偏差得以纠正,并为师范生的教育实习提供一定的借鉴与启示.     

引导学生进行自我管理的尝试

长期以来,由于班主任的过多"包办",班主任当得很苦也很累.引导学生自我管理,在班级形成良性的自我管理机制,既有利于解放班主任,也有利于促进学生的发展.     

Structured Peer Group Practicum Supervision: Supervisees' Perceptions of Supervision Theory

The authors discuss a thematic analysis of retrospective phenomenological interviews of 4 group counseling practicum participants. Implications for developmental supervision theory and future research are presented.     

Practicum Supervision Roles: Effects on Supervisee Statements

The practicum supervision model evaluated in this study utilized the three commonly accepted supervision roles of teacher, counselor, and consultant as methods of addressing specific supervisee issues. Supervisors performed the roles in structured supervision sessions, and supervisee statements were analyzed to determine if use of the roles influenced supervisee behaviors. Utilization of the roles was found to be a significantly effective means of influencing the content of supervisee verbalizations during practicum supervision sessions.     

Individualizing Student Supervision

No abstract available for this article.     

Coordination of Clinical Supervision in Practicum and Internship Programs

The authors examine practicum/internship coordination, viewing it as a system. Important components of the system are identified, and their impact on the system is explored.