大学生考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑的相关研究

考试焦虑是大学生需要面临的主要应激源之一。通过对150名大学生进行研究,检验分析了竞赛状态焦虑与考试焦虑的联系。相关性检验和多元回归的结果表明考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑具有显性相关,认知焦虑对考试焦虑的影响最大。因此,可以通过体育锻炼调节运动焦虑,进而缓解考试焦虑,把降低竞赛状态焦虑的方法用来使考试焦虑保持在一个适宜的水平。     

划船运动员比赛焦虑来源的调查分析

采用《比赛焦虑调查表》于比赛前1个月对212名运动员进行问卷调查，了解导致比赛焦虑的来源，对运动员进行心理疏导。结果，运动员在担心拿不到金牌这一比赛焦虑程度最高，其次是担心未来前途，男女运动员差异不显。     

聋人篮球运动员竞赛状态焦虑研究

以参加2005年全国聋人篮球锦标赛的运动员为研究对象，采用美国运动心理学家Martens（1990）编制、祝蓓里教授修订（1994）的“运动竞赛状态焦虑量表”（简称CSAI-2问卷）为测试工具。结果表明：聋入篮球运动员的躯体状态焦虑在性别、文化程度上的主效应差异显著，性别与文化程度的交互作用差异也显著；在状态自信心上，性别主效应差异显著；不同运动成绩的运动员认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心之问差异具有显著性。     

Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition

Abstract

Confidence and anxiety are important variables that underlie the experience of flow in sport. Specifically, research has indicated that confidence displays a positive relationship and anxiety a negative relationship with flow. The aim of this study was to assess potential direct and indirect effects of confidence and anxiety dimensions on flow state in tennis competition. A sample of 59 junior tennis players completed measures of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2d and Flow State Scale-2. Following predictive analysis, results showed significant positive correlations between confidence (intensity and direction) and anxiety symptoms (only directional perceptions) with flow state. Standard multiple regression analysis indicated confidence as the only significant predictor of flow. The results confirmed a protective function of confidence against debilitating anxiety interpretations, but there were no significant interaction effects between confidence and anxiety on flow state.     

第七届大运会竞走运动员竞赛焦虑及影响因素的分析研究

运用运动心理学理论对参加第七届大运会预选赛和决赛的竞走运动员竞赛焦虑的影响因素进行了问卷调查,结果表明：竞走运动员竞赛焦虑的影响因素包括六个因子,即“赛前状态”因子、“技战术发挥”因子、“裁判判罚”因子、“比赛难度”因子、“比赛对手”因子,“位置”因子;特征值分别为：6．646,5．829,3．294,2．634,2．290,1．791;累计贡献率分别为18．53％、33．87％、45．52％、57.68％、69．23％、79．34％。竞走运动员竞赛焦虑影响因素的可靠性系数为α较高。     

Self-reported and activPALTM-monitored physical activity and sedentary behaviour in college students: Not all sitting behaviours are linked to perceived stress and anxiety

ABSTRACT

This study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with state-trait anxiety and stress. State-Trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), SB across domains during weekdays and weekends (Last 7-day Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire) and PA intensities (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed by self-report in 360 undergraduates (44% females, mean age 20.9 ± 2.93 years). A subsample (n = 121; 53.7% females; mean age 20.8 ± 2.6 years) wore an activPAL^TM to determine total SB, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Self-reported MVPA was significantly associated with lower trait anxiety and perceived stress, whereas light PA was only associated with lower perceived stress. Weekend total self-reported SB was related to higher trait anxiety and perceived stress levels, while total SB during the week was not. Of all SB domains, only leisure SB (screen and non-screen based) was associated with higher trait anxiety and perceived stress. PA attenuated the negative relationships between excessive sitting time and trait anxiety but not perceived stress. No associations were found for monitor-based measures of PA and SB. No associations were found between PA or SB variables with state anxiety. Further research is needed to assess causal and reciprocal relationships between PA, SB and mental health in college students.     

引入竞争机制与调控高校体育教师职业焦虑的理性思考

中等的焦虑水平有利于人的潜能发挥,体育教师保持正常的职业焦虑,有利于其教学工作的开展.借鉴国外高校体育课程和国内高校学分制的改革经验,提出实行教师挂牌授课制,将竞争机制引入高校体育课中,使体育教师保持正常的职业焦虑水平,促进高校体育的发展.     

焦虑症的运动处方研究

因恐怖症、焦虑症、强迫症、神经衰弱以及抑郁症等心理疾病致人伤亡的案件,引起了人们对心理疾病的高度重视。而焦虑症又是其中最常见的一种,如果调治不及时或不予治疗,心理上就会长期处于焦虑状态之中,就有可能导致更严重的生理、心理病理变化,甚至威胁人的生命安全。因此,积极参与体育锻炼,用恰当的运动处方来进行自我调治,是治疗焦虑症的有效途径。     

我国竞技健美操科学研究的现状与走向

运用献资料法，对1990－2001年间我国竞技健美操研究论的主要内容、所采用的方法以及论的总体分布进行了论述，了解目前我国竞技健美操科学研究的现状及存在的问题。指出今后应在学科理论知识的指导下进行实证性的科学研究，并加强对竞技健美操成套动作编排、运动员选材、形体与舞蹈训练，以及运动员的心理素质训练等方面的研究。     

竞技体育反不公平竞争行为的研究

竞技体育不公平竞争行为有悖体育理念。其主体主要是参与者,主观方面有故意、过失或制度本身存在问题,客体是对相对方造成不公平合理对待。种类主要有不正当竞争、限制竞争、垄断行为、保护主义等。     

竞技运动中的压力认知评估及应对过程

根据Lazarus ＆ Folkman的理论观点，应对是个体与环境相互影响的过程，在这个过程中，个体对于环境的认知评价起着关键性作用。介绍了运动员压力认知评估的现状研究，指出认知评估的影响因素、积极性干预措施以及与有效应对策略的关系等应该作为未来研究的主要内容。     

应激蛋白在运动应激中的研究进展

运动应激时机体某些组织细胞合成应激蛋白起到应激保护作用。对应激蛋白的发现、分类、特性及功能和在运动应激状态下某些组织器官应激蛋白的表达、可能机制及其细胞保护作用进行了文献综述，探讨了应激蛋白在运动医学领域内的潜在应用前景。     

辽宁竞技体育在奥运会中竞赛成绩分析与对策研究

运用文献资料法和数理统计法,对辽宁竞技体育历届奥运会竞赛成绩进行分析与研究,总结出辽宁竞技体育发展规律、特色、未来发展之路及行动策略。     

大学毕业生焦虑心理的调查与分析

通过问卷调查，对辽宁省12所高校2001级688名大学毕业生的心理焦虑状况进行了研究分析。辽宁省高校男女大学毕业生焦虑心理无显著性差分，女生特质焦虑与状态焦虑分值较男生高；本科与专科毕业生无显著性差异，专科毕业生的特质焦虑与状态焦虑分值比本科生高；理科大学毕业生的焦虑状态较重，无论在状态焦虑和特质焦虑方面均高于文科毕业生。     

Perceived life stress and anxiety correlate with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in runners

Numerous causes of exercise-related gastrointestinal (GI) distress exist but scarce research has evaluated potential psychological causes. Runners (74 men, 76 women) prospectively recorded running duration, intensity (Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE]), and GI symptoms for 30 days. Six GI symptoms were rated on a 0–10 scale. The percentage of runs over 30 days that participants reported at least one upper, lower, or any GI symptom ≥3 was calculated. After 30 days, participants completed a questionnaire on GI distress triggers (demographics, anthropometrics, experience, analgesic use, antibiotic use, probiotic consumption, fluid/food intake, stress, anxiety). Stress and anxiety were measured via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The median percentage of runs that participants experienced at least one GI symptom ≥3 was 45.6% (interquartile range [IQR], 16.6–67.3%). Age and running experience negatively correlated with GI distress occurrence (rho = ?0.17 to ?0.34; p < 0.05). Run RPE, probiotic food consumption, PSS scores, and BAI scores positively correlated with GI distress occurrence (rho = 0.18 to 0.36; p < 0.05). Associations between GI distress, stress and anxiety remained significant after adjustment for covariates, except for lower GI symptoms. This study suggests that stress and anxiety contribute to running-related GI distress.     

中小学开展无线电测向运动的意义及对策

以体育课程改革为契机，把无线电测向运动纳入体育课程，剖析我国中小学无线电测向运动开展的现状及存在的问题，提出相应的对策。     

Load,stress, and recovery in adolescent rugby union players during a competitive season

Abstract

Despite increased professionalization of adolescent sport and improved articulation to elite adult participation, the impact of sports such as rugby union among adolescents is under-explored. This study describes psychological stress–recovery responses relative to training loads in 106 male adolescent rugby union players. The results showed that players with the highest training and physical activity volumes during the season demonstrated more favourable recovery–stress states than moderate- and low-volume groups. Stress and under-recovery did not increase with increases in weekly volume when assessed across a season. When assessed more acutely during intensive competition phases, stress and under-recovery increased with increases in participation demands. Despite better psychological stress and recovery profiles of more elite, higher-load players, not all participants demonstrated favourable capacities to deal with stress and recovery processes. Seven participants were in at least two of three categories of highest volume, highest stress, and poorest recovery. Even in the absence of a full understanding of the impact of high-volume, high-stress, poor-recovery participation among adolescent athletes, these markers may be precursors for more deleterious outcomes such as injury, performance decrements, and overtraining. Findings support the efficacy of serially monitoring young athletes.     

Social physique anxiety experiences in physical activity: a comprehensive synthesis of research studies focused on measurement,theory, and predictors and outcomes

Physical activity (PA) settings such as sport, exercise, and physical education are inherently social and evaluative in nature, with much attention directed at how the body looks and performs. As such, these settings foster a host of positive and negative emotional experiences. Social physique anxiety (SPA) is a commonly studied emotion that emanates from, or motivates, PA behaviors. In this synthesis of the 126 identified research papers focused on SPA and related experiences in sport, exercise, and physical education, we summarize the theoretical roots and measurement of SPA, present research evidence on predictors and outcomes of SPA experiences, explore links between SPA and PA behaviors, and offer insight on the future directions of SPA research. Specifically, researchers in sport and exercise psychology are encouraged to broaden the study of SPA to conduct longitudinal and experimental studies, develop quality intervention strategies aimed at reducing SPA experiences, and expand on the theoretical and operational understandings of SPA experiences across the lifespan.     

对乒乓球运动员竞赛状态焦虑及焦虑方向的研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等方法,对60名优秀乒乓球运动员及普通大学生乒乓球运动员竞赛状态焦虑及焦虑方向进行对比研究。研究结果表明:优秀乒乓球运动员与普通大学生乒乓球运动员在认知焦虑和躯体焦虑的强度分数上无差异;但与普通大学生乒乓球运动员相比,优秀乒乓球运动员认为这两种焦虑对其运动成绩的取得具有促进作用;两组运动员的自信心无差异。