刘少奇主管新华社的九个月

本文提供了颇为翔实的历史资料,论述刘少奇在1946-1949年解放战争时期,特别是他直接主管新华社时期(1948年6月-1949年3月)对新华社的诸多指示,阐发了他的党报思想。作者认为,刘少奇不仅在政策把握、领导决策方面具有总揽全局的眼光,而且他的很多具体指示对新华社的报道具有直接指导作用。     

如何实现“信任性真实”:社交媒体时代的新闻生产实践——基于对25位媒体从业者的访谈

社交媒体时代受众的主体性地位逐渐凸显,新闻真实性可以理解为一种“信任性真实”,即受众所相信的真实。依据德国社会学家卢曼的分类,并结合对25位新闻从业者的深度访谈,本文从“系统信任”和“人际信任”两个维度对新闻的“信任性真实”进行了分析。笔者发现,“可视化”以及“交朋友”策略是社交媒体时代形塑传受之间“人际信任”的重要路径,不过需要指出的是,“信任”是完整实现新闻真实性的重要环节,但是新闻真实并不依赖于受众的信任,事实真实仍然是衡量新闻真实性的终极性标准。     

流动与稳定之间——华北版《新华日报》的游击办报问题

抗战时期中国共产党的游击战法不仅是一种军事战术,更是一种哲学思辨的社会组织方式,它处理的“流动”与“稳定”这对矛盾是事物发展中绝对运动与相对静止的辩证关系。游击办报脱胎于游击战法,过往新闻史研究关注到了这种办报方式在抗战时期的高度流动化特点,但对办报过程中如何处理流动作业与稳定运行之间的辩证关系鲜少讨论。本文通过分析《新华日报》（华北版）相关史料认为,游击办报的新闻采编形式、媒介物料生产、多样化发行网络的构建某种程度上克服了根据地流动与稳定之间的矛盾,展示了解决媒介物质性问题的特殊方式,使得边区媒介传播在时间和空间上相协调,团结根据地军民革命共同体,并随着战争形势不断变化,从而更好地完成联系群众、动员革命的传播职能。这种灵活的辩证思维与实践活动既是中国独立自主新闻学理论体系的体现,也是形成中国式现代化历史经验的重要组成部分。     

From “Selfies” to Breaking Tweets

The aim of this paper is to analyse the different ways in which journalists negotiate representations of their professional and personal identity on social media platforms. We argue that the differing representations of personal and professional identity on social media correspond to the professional, organisational and institutional tensions that have emerged in this new space. Using qualitative interviews with various journalists and editorial staff from Australian media organisations across television, radio, print and online publications, we indicate that journalists present their personal and professional identity on social media in three different ways. The first group create public, professional social media accounts, but also create secondary, private accounts that are only accessible to personal networks. The second group either choose, or are required by their media organisation, to only have a professional presence on social media; that is, they have public accounts that are only associated with their media organisation and display only their professional activities. The last group merge a professional and personal identity on their social media sites, showing aspects of their personal and their professional lives on publically available accounts.     

PREPARING FOR AN AGE OF PARTICIPATORY NEWS

In a time of declining public trust in news, loss of advertising revenue, and an increasingly participatory, self-expressive and digital media culture, journalism is in the process of rethinking and reinventing itself. In this paper, the authors explore how journalism is preparing itself for an age of participatory news: a time where (some of) the news is gathered, selected, edited and communicated by professionals and amateurs, and by producers and consumers alike. Using materials from case studies of emerging participatory news practices in the Netherlands, Germany, Australia and the United States, the authors conclude with some preliminary recommendations for further research and theorize early explanations for the success or failure of participatory journalism.     

布什访华--新华社新华网与美联社新闻网的比较分析

本文以布什访华活动的报道为个案 ,定量、定性地对比分析了新华社新华网与美联社新闻网的报道内容、版面安排、标题特征及新闻插图等。论证指出 :美联社新闻网在报道布什访华活动时比较严重地背离了“客观性”这一基本新闻原则。     

The Evolving Journalistic Roles on Social Media: Exploring “Engagement” as Relationship-Building between Journalists and Citizens

ABSTRACT

Scholarly and pragmatic definitions of the term “engagement” vary drastically. This article attempts to capture the nuances of the term by exploring journalists’ roles on social media where “engagement” is supposed to be particularly prevalent. Using in-depth interviews, we gauge the attitudes of traditional political journalists as well as those who think of themselves as “engagement specialists” about their responsibilities in interactive spaces. In addition, we analyze what kinds of engagement are happening in these spaces, and how citizens’ expectations are being articulated, in terms of journalist-audience relationship—an organic resultant of engagement. We found that journalists are taking on new kinds of roles in social spaces—often in the name of “engagement”—but that work is not always particularly interactive with citizens; rather, content is engaged with. In contrast, citizens look to journalists to play a number of roles that range from civic guide to therapist. Thus, relationship building happens sporadically. Furthermore, engagement level is dependent on the platform and its affordances. This research offers a continuum of social media engagement conceived as relationship building that can reconcile the disparities in how we define engagement, and suggests newsrooms appreciate the nuances via a series of recommendations.     

AMERICAN SPORTS WRITERS’ SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROFESSIONALISM

American sports writers' use of social media as a newsgathering tool has influenced journalism practice, further complicating the industry's abstract definition of “professionalism.” This study builds on a pilot study published in the fall 2011 issue of Journal of Sports Media, which assessed print sports journalists' use of social media. In the current study, a survey was administered to 77 full-time print sports journalists who cover professional sports. This paper seeks to extend the pilot study and previous professional research in two ways: firstly, to assess how this specific subgroup of sports writers use Facebook and Twitter to gather information; and secondly, to analyze how these sports writers define “professionalism” and what industry factors correlate with chosen definitions, such as newspaper circulation and work superiors' attitudes toward social media. Cross-tabulations and chi-square tests were used to test hypotheses. Cramer's V or Phi, depending upon the cross-tabulation, were used to measure relationship strength. Results suggest this subset of sports writers more often uses Twitter for newsgathering purposing than Facebook. There is also a strong relationship between the frequency of Twitter usage and the definition of professionalism chosen; circulation size and instances of directly quoting from athletes' social media accounts; and age and Twitter usage.     

论中国古代地方新闻媒介起源于东周末年《春秋》

本文考察了东周末年春秋时期诸侯封国《春秋》产生动因、名称来源、内容属性、《春秋》人的职业秉性及《春秋》发挥社会功能的途径等方面特征后,认为产生于春秋时期的各诸侯封国《春秋》已经具有新闻媒介的主要属性,并因其具有鲜明的区域特点而成为中国古代地方新闻媒介的起源;从某种意义上认识,也可说是中国古代新闻事业的起源.     

FROM “KNOWING HOW” TO “BEING ABLE”

In attempt to define a methodology, journalism scholars use the term “reflective” as a way to distinguish their critical study of journalism from that of a non-practitioner. The phrase “reflective practice in journalism” is now also used widely in higher education course literature and increasingly it is emerging in discourses relating to journalism research. However, the use of the term “reflective” in both cases has not been anchored in meaning. This paper will propose a number of definitions, and will discuss a number of potential approaches that seek to move towards a synthesis of journalism practice and theory. It will start by outlining the current scholarly context for undertaking journalism research, focusing on the rise of “journalist-academics” and the desire for recognition of the value and status of practice within the academy. It will then examine a number of critical models which may shed helpful light on how journalism might be viewed as “research-in-practice”.     

“MAYBE YOU NEED TO HAVE AN EARTHQUAKE”

This study explores whether the US media, particularly television, radio, and newspapers, met the expectations of international journalism educators concerning the coverage of world news. Four focus groups with 34 journalism educators from 29 countries were conducted in the United States. A critical discourse analysis shows that most journalism educators' expectations were not met because they found world news coverage to be deviant from the reality in their respective countries or regions. Discussion focuses on how the discourse could help us to understand how to coalesce international journalistic practices and information gathering in a new global hi-tech era, not only for the US media, but for other media systems around the world.     

The Future of Journalism—Who to Believe?

This work collates the opinions of European professionals and internet users concerning the changing reality facing the world of journalism following the explosion of digital media. Our research shows the results of analytical surveys conducted between October 2013 and January 2014 among 54 professionals of renowned prestige, and 500 regular users of the digital media in the five most populated countries in the European Union: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, all states affected to a greater or lesser extent by the crisis of the printed press. The surveys cover a wide range of topics, from the impact of social networks, the quality of the digital media, the willingness of citizens to pay for content and the degree of interactivity in the digital media for the future of journalism. Professionals and users agree that the news in 2020 will be better and more interactive than now. With regard to other matters, there is more disagreement. Professionals are much more critical than users when it comes to evaluating the quality of the news. The professionals’ survey was more qualitative, and, in their opinion, overcoming the crisis in the written press implies, among other measures, promoting analysis, prioritising quality over quantity and offering “niche” specialisation.     

1932年国民党党营新闻机构的“现代化”改革研究

1932年,在蒋介石南京国民党集团的主导下,中央通讯社、《中央日报》、中央广播电台集中进行了以物质和技术的更新、组织结构的优化、新闻业务的专业化、媒体经营的实践和新闻观念的发展为特征的"现代化"改革。改革虽然基本达到了"提高中央宣传机构实力的同时塑造民主形象"的预期,但受制于诸多因素,三大党营新闻机构在对现代化的长期贯彻中,常常陷入进退两难的困境。