CONVENTIONALIZATION IN FEATURE PHOTOGRAPHY

A sample of award-winning feature photographs over the life of the Pictures of the Year International competition was analyzed to identify the themes used by photographers to tell stories effectively. Results of similar studies of other types of photography suggest photographers communicate through a limited number of themes. The results of this analysis indicate feature photographs rely on fewer themes than are apparent in some other types of photographs. The authors offer suggestions for the predominance of these themes. The Pictures of the Year International competition is held annually at the University of Missouri–Columbia.     

AIA/ALA图书馆建筑奖分析

文章采用网络调查法和文献调查法,从历史沿革、设立目的和奖励办法等方面对AIA/ALA图书馆建筑奖及部分获奖项目进行了介绍和分析,旨在为我国图书馆新馆建设,老馆改造以及图书馆绿色与可持续发展提供借鉴。通过对109个获奖项目的调研归纳,得出对我国图书馆建筑设计与可持续发展的启示有:建设生态图书馆建筑;注重可持续发展;重新定义空间功能布局;注重与城市、社区融为一体。     

Seeking Cultural Relevance

This study identifies the prevalence of culturally oriented writing techniques found in international news coverage of major American newspapers, through a concept explication and content analysis. These techniques, which I call “culture peg” and “culture link,” are content and thematic choices in international coverage that journalists make to enhance the material's appeal to their home audience. They are, in essence, cultural meaning-making processes that render foreign stories relevant to the home audience which might not otherwise be interested in international news. A content analysis revealed that these cultural strategies, deployed in both text and photographs, were employed in 72 percent of international news articles in the New York Times. Excessive use of such methods might skew the understanding of foreign cultures/societies for the readership. Theoretical and methodological implications of the study are discussed.     

Instructional Communication Competence: Lessons Learned from Award-Winning Teachers

Responding to calls for more holistic views on instructional communication, this study used interpretive methods to examine award-winning instructor's communicative practices to assess and to refine a definition of instructional communication competence. After observing and interviewing recipients of the Central States Communication Association Outstanding New Teacher Award, we describe how these award-winning teachers (a) understand the ebb and flow of the classroom, (b) use a wide repertoire of communication skills, (c) create relationships with students, and (d) effectively manage their classroom climates.     

IFLA绿色图书馆奖分析及启示

[目的/意义]对国际图联IFLA设立的"绿色图书馆奖"进行介绍和分析，旨在为我国图书馆可持续发展提供借鉴。[方法/过程]采用网络调查法和文献调查法，从历史沿革、设立目的和奖励办法等方面介绍该奖项，并对获奖案例进行较深入地分析。[结果/结论]通过对9个获奖项目的调查，总结获奖项目的共性特征：注重青少年和用户的参与以及环保意识的培养；注重节约资源（节能、节水、节材、隔热）；注重回收等绿色举措，并提出对我国图书馆界的启示：发挥政府和学会作用，构建与发展绿色图书馆奖励计划；重视废旧材料和厂房的再利用等可持续建筑；注重用户参与环保活动以及开展环境素养教育；开展绿色运行和服务。     

Repositioning the Richmond Public Library for the Digital Age: One Library's Perspective

Richmond Public Library, B.C., Canada, believes that the public library and the profession of the librarian is in danger of becoming marginalized by the tools and products of the digital age. Thus, it is acting aggressively to change its roles and responsibilities. The Library developed an extensive award-winning technology teaching program and an innovative and award-winning community-based Web site and became the creator of a technology column for the local newspaper. In addition, the Library creates, markets, and sells technology services to businesses and organizations in the community. This article presents an in-the-trenches perspective of one public library that embraced the digital environment and discusses the impact and important benefits to the Library.     

Evaluating News Photographs

The paper is based on an empirical study recently conducted in Italy through the photo-elicitation technique, involving 120 young Italians and focusing on two groups of individuals—an experimental and a control group. The two groups were shown images related to global crisis events. The first was told which photos were taken by professionals, which by citizens and which by other people involved in the events (soldiers, victims, perpetrators, etc.), while the second group was not provided with this information. Both groups were asked a battery of questions regarding the themes of trust, value, impact, use and circulation/distribution of the photographs shown, allowing the interviewees to define these concepts in the face of individual images. The principal results indicate that trust in news photographs is inseparable from impact and value for the development of a sense of active citizenship. Trust is revised in light of the awareness that there exists a variety of possible publics, active and passive, with different possibilities of affecting events through their actions. The distinction between citizen and professional photographs does not in itself lead to distinctions in terms of value and trust. Knowing the photographer's role in the event being depicted redefines the terms of the discourse and shifts the moral borderlines that the publics draw between different images and different media for their distribution. Introducing the ethnographic approach, the present study proposes going beyond studies that concentrate only on effects as well as those focused on trust, which prescribe a distinction between citizen and professional photojournalism.     

ACRL高校图书馆卓越奖创新服务发展趋势及其对我国图书馆的启示与建议

[目的/意义] 对ACRL高校图书馆卓越奖的评选标准以及获奖图书馆的特色创新服务进行研究,旨在把握当今国际高校图书馆创新发展的趋势,为我国高校图书馆的创新服务发展提供启示和借鉴。[方法/过程] 采用网络调研和文献调研相结合的方法,对2000-2017年间获得ACRL高校图书馆卓越奖的图书馆特色创新服务,以及其中2个图书馆的典型案例进行深入分析,归纳整理出图书馆创新服务的发展历程。[结果/结论] 从图书馆服务战略规划、新型教学活动、用户反馈评估、机构协同合作、员工职业发展等方面,提出可供我国高校图书馆借鉴的启示与建议。     

Analyzing the Spell of War: A War/Peace Framing Analysis of the 2009 Visual Coverage of the Sri Lankan Civil War in Western Newswires

The goal of this study was to analyze the extent to which the visual coverage of the final stages (April/May 2009) of the long-lasting Sri Lankan Civil War relied on war and peace frames. Based on the revolutionary conceptual work of Norwegian scholar Johan Galtung, who viewed war and peace journalism as two competing frames in covering conflicts and wars, we examined news photographs available from Associated Press (AP), Reuters, and Getty/Agence France-Press (AFP). To date, this topic has been discussed from mostly normative viewpoints, and only little research combined the peace journalism concept with visual framing and/or the role of newswires as gatekeeper of information. We tested this concept empirically by using content analysis of editorial news photographs of the conflict in the three leading Western newswires. By and large, our results suggest that overall visual coverage of the conflict waxed and waned over time, but was primarily driven by visuals originated in the Sinhalese-dominated regions of Sri Lanka. Further, newswires are serving very different purposes and news markets: the AP–and to a lesser extent also Getty/AFP–with their focus on external events (therefore qualifying for peace journalism) and Reuters with a stronger focus on the conflict itself (thus qualifying for war journalism). Overall, the stock photo agency Getty/AFP was found to be the newswire that is most likely to provide media outlets with photographs highlighting peace frames, with the most balanced coverage between the two conflict parties and a particular emphasis on peace demonstrations worldwide, negotiations and summit meetings.     

Outside the Exhibit Case

Summary

In planning for a major traveling exhibit in UCLA's undergraduate library outreach was a priority. Programming and publicity targeted segments of the campus and community both as participants and as attendees. This collaboration came to fruition in an exciting array of programs that brought many people into the library and demonstrated the strengths of collections, resources and services to new audiences.

UCLA's College Library, the undergraduate library that recently returned to its historic and award-winning Powell Library Building, was a site for the ALA-Smithsonian traveling exhibition, “A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution.” The Programs and Exhibits Committee of the Library surrounded the display of this material with several months' worth of diverse community and campus programming. Events involved staff, faculty, students, local K-12 teachers, members of the Los Angeles Japanese American Community, writers, film makers, even a movie star (this IS Los Angeles)! In addition to highlighting the strengths of UCLA's Library collections through traditional means, a variety of media and multimedia programs and events supplemented the exhibit.     

The hospital library as a "magnet force" for a research and evidence-based nursing culture: A case study of two magnet hospitals in one health system

When Baptist Hospital of Miami, then South Miami Hospital, became Magnet award-winning hospitals, their libraries' challenges increased. Could their librarians ease the transition of research and evidence-based practice into the "real world" of nursing? Did library services have a role in the ongoing Magnet re-credentialing process? This case study defines hospital library magnet force strategies that worked in the quest for this prestigious award for nursing excellence at two hospitals at Baptist Health South Florida.     

2014年高校阅读推广活动优秀案例分析与启示

[目的/意义]通过对2014年高校阅读推广活动优秀案例的分析,为我国高校图书馆开展阅读推广工作提供借鉴与参考。[方法/过程]使用网络调研法、文献调研法和访谈调研法,对获奖案例及其承办单位的阅读推广活动进行分析、梳理和总结。[结果/结论]高校图书馆开展阅读推广活动时应当举办创意活动以激发阅读兴趣,设立专题书展唤醒沉睡好书,联合职能部门提高活动层次,吸纳学生社团加强组织力量,利用全媒体扩大活动影响,建立长效机制创造品牌效应。     

公共图书馆营销理念与实践的重大突破--“邻里图书馆”荣获“IFLA国际营销奖”一等奖评析

IFLA国际营销奖是图书馆界非常重要的一项大奖。以往我国公共图书馆在IFLA国际营销大奖评奖中成绩欠佳,佛山市图书馆的邻里图书馆项目获得IFLA国际营销一等奖是一个突破。邻里图书馆项目与国际上流行的小型免费图书馆运动有相似之处,但它具有公共图书馆总分馆主导、现代信息技术的支持和更注重利用民间人力资源的特征。佛山市图书馆荣获IFLA国际营销奖有两个启示:申报项目本身应具有图书馆营销理念与特征;应以营销的理念姿态对待营销奖的申报。     

The Undressed Newsroom

Rapidly changing working conditions in recent years, along with the need to reduce the costs of news production, require journalists to adapt. Our suggestion here is that many of the research methods for analysing journalists' work environments to date are no longer sufficient for capturing this ongoing change. In searching for new approaches to analysis of the journalistic environment, we decided to apply visual ethnography, a method not yet used in the Czech Republic and not much used in the world beyond. For our pilot study of Czech newsrooms, we worked with both photographs taken of the journalists involved in our project and photographs taken by our research team (photographs showed both journalists' working conditions and working processes). We then interviewed the journalists about the photographs and more widely about their working practices and conditions. This paper presents the results of the research but also considers the advantages and challenges of the visual ethnographic approach and its implementation in media environments.     

INCREASED NEWS ACCESS FOR INTERNATIONAL NGOs?

The combined interplay of commercialisation, digitalisation and globalisation offers opportunities for international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to gain more news access. We set up a quantitative content analysis to study how and to what extent press releases from the international NGO Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) were adopted in foreign coverage by four Flemish newspapers (1995–2010). First, the analysis shows that fewer articles were based on MSF press releases in 2010 than in 1995. Furthermore, we found that Flemish journalists generally supplemented the MSF press releases with additional information. The decreased agenda-building capacity of MSF can be explained by the nature of events (violent conflicts in 1995 versus natural disasters in 2010) and by the increased competition between NGOs in 2010. The fact that MSF press releases and articles increasingly discuss global issues nonetheless indicates that globalisation offers opportunities for international NGOs to enhance their agenda-building capacities. Second, our research found less evidence to support often heard complaints about “churnalism” in newsrooms and showed that public relations can also be a positive factor in the news production process; specifically, we found that MSF press releases are often used to counterbalance the “official” message coming from political representatives or contending parties.     

中华医学会历界医学信息学术会议获奖论文分析

统计分析了中华医学会历届医学信息学术会议获奖论文的作者、作者单位、研究主题等指标,讨论了获奖论文的研究与创新特色,研究结果对揭示我国医学信息领域的学术研究状况、提高我国医学信息领域的学术研究水平有借鉴意义。     

Identifying and Interpreting Prewar and Wartime Jewish Photographs in Polish Digital Collections

Prewar and wartime photographs of Polish Jews are historical documents and unique records. A worldwide interest in photographs presenting Jewish life in Poland on the eve of the Holocaust and during the war has been sustained by the traveling exhibit And I Still See Their Faces: Images of Polish Jews, which first opened in Poland in 1996. In recent years, some Polish archives and research institutes have begun digitizing their photography collections, including prewar and wartime photographs of Polish Jews and their communities. In this article, the author focuses on two main questions: the archiving and retrieval of digitized photographs and the identification and subject analysis of the digitized collections, including participatory or social “tagging.”     

The discoverability of award-winning undergraduate research in history: Implications for academic libraries

Making scholarly information visible to web search engines is an ongoing challenge, and undergraduate research is no exception. Using a sample of award-winning undergraduate history papers and journals, the authors searched Google, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, and the authors' institutional repository to gauge the difficulty of locating these works. Given that many of these works were not easily found, results suggest that libraries and their institutions could be doing more to increase the discoverability of undergraduate research. Based on the success stories observed in this study, we offer strategies to libraries and librarians for increasing the visibility of undergraduate student research.     

Language adaptations: Award-winning children’s literature in basal textbook readers

One frequent complaint about basal readers is that, when they adapt high-quality literature, they make pointless simplifications that significantly detract from the value of the original stories. This article reports a study of adaptations of award-winning stories for three grade levels. The results suggest strongly that, at least during the past fifteen years, these complaints are unjustified. Jacqueline C. Comas is assistant professor of education at the University of Florida in Gainesville where she teaches courses in language arts and children's literature. She is a former classroom teacher, has served as a reading consultant, a reading/language arts supervisor, and has worked with textbook adoption committees for the improvement of instructional materials since the late 1970s.     

Framing of a Brazilian Crisis: Dilma Rousseff’s Impeachment in National and International Editorials

The study analyzes the editorial position of the Brazilian and foreign press in the coverage of Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment trial. By a framing analysis, we aim to understand how the national quality newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, O Globo, and the international ones as Público, El País, The Guardian, Le Monde and The New York Times organize the events and construct the respective political narratives, verifying the similarities and differences in the interpretation of the political crisis that led to the removal of the first female president of Brazil.