第2届环青海湖国际公路自行车赛中、外运动员成绩对比分析

在对第2届环青海湖国际公路自行车赛全体中、外参赛运动员比赛成绩进行统计处理和全面分析基础上,着重对成绩较好的中、外运动员进行相对成绩、平均排名、速度方差和相对速度方差各项指标的对比分析。结果显示:我国优秀运动员有与国外优秀运动员抗争的实力,而团队整体实力与国外强队仍有一定差距,处于中等水平;在全程速度分配上较为合理,但相对速度能力较差,关键性赛段波动较大,参与激烈竞争的能力远不如国外优秀运动员。     

公路自行车运动员下肢力量训练理论与方法

本文采用文献资料法,收集了有关专家对公路自行车运动员力量训练理论与方法的研究成果,结合自身多年的训练经验,从运动解剖学,运动生理学和运动训练学的角度对公路自行车运动员下肢的踏蹬动作、肌肉类型和训练方法进行了理论上和方法上的分析探讨,旨在通过提高力量训练的科学有效训练,提高公路自行车运动员的比赛成绩。     

谈青少年公路自行车运动员弯道技术的基础训练

本文阐述了青少年公路自行车运动员应掌握的各种弯道技术,以及在比赛中的运用时机。提出了弯道前的制动技术和弯道中的压车技术,以及驶出弯道时所采用的技、战术等问题,并加以分析、研究和探讨,指出了青年少年公路自行车运动员弯道技术基础训练的方法。     

武术套路运动员比赛应对策略的积极心理干预效应

对武术套路运动员6周比赛应对策略积极心理学干预进行试验研究,旨在提高运动员的竞技心理能力;促进积极心理学在运动训练竞赛中的应用.研究结果显示,相对于控制组而言,干预组运动员经过6周积极心理干预后,比赛临场预备时的应对策略中"比赛准备"的句子比例显著高于控制组;干预组前测与后测对比:竞赛策略量表中的"自我谈话"策略和"自动化"策略的得分显著提高,控制组没有显著性变化;干预组运动员比赛成绩平均总分显著高于控制组.对运动员比赛应对策略的积极心理干预可以启发运动员建立比赛行为程序,有效调节心态,稳定发挥运动技术水平;人格特征和认知的积极干预启发运动员认识自己,明确目标;面对问题积极评价,积极应对.     

环青海湖国际公路自行车赛市场运作模式缕析

环青海湖国际公路自行车赛是亚洲顶级公路自行车赛事。研究、分析环湖赛的市场运作模式并借鉴国外先进的体育赛亨市场运佳的经验,必将为我国公路自行车赛事的发展带来巨大影响。     

中国高水平自行车运动员评分选拔管理系统

本文运用文献法和专家讨论,从自行车比赛规模、比赛时间、比赛成绩、比赛名次等方面深入研究了自行车高水平运动员选拔的客观指标,探讨了将客观指标转换为以评分形式反映运动员竞技水平的各种方法,建立了一套计算机高水平自行车运动员选拔评分管理系统     

赛车的选择及其调整

<正> 世界自行车运动技术水平在不断提高,近几年更是突飞猛进,纪录不断被刷新,成绩日新月异。仅在一九八○年奥运会,赛车场自行车比赛就有10个队45人先后打破世界纪录;一九八一年在布拉格举行的世界自行车锦标赛中,东德队在男子100公里团体赛中以1小时59分16秒的好成绩夺得金牌,从以上成绩来看,赛车场自行车比赛平均时速已达到50至57公里;公路自行车比赛平均时速也已超过50公里,相比之下,我国自行车运动水平差距很大,不论是赛车场或公路自行车比赛,我国运动员比世界先进水平的平均时速约低6至7公里。     

力量素质训练的原则

力量素质训练的原则●潘嗣勤牟维照在当今的田径运动竞赛中,运动员除了要求具备良好的专项技术之外,仍需要高水平的力量素质。力量素质的高低制约着运动员技术、战术的发展,影响其比赛成绩。研究表明：田径运动项目的竞赛成绩在很大程度上取决于运动员的肌肉力量与耐力...     

SRM训练系统在场地短距离自行车运动员专项力量训练中的应用

通过对上海市男子短距离自行车运动员在10运会前一年的比赛、训练情况进行连续追踪,应用SRM训练系统对运动员在训练和比赛情况进行分析,对SRM训练系统在自行车运动员专项力量训练中的应用进行了探讨,结果发现：（1）使用SRM训练系统可以监测自行车运动员比赛或训练中的实时情况,通过功率、速度以及频率等指标,可以反映自行车运动员专项能力的变化情况。（2）自行车运动员的运动成绩取决于专项力量的大小,而不是绝对力量的高低。（3）自行车运动员的专项力量是在自行车运动中表现出来的一种高频率的踏蹬力量。     

运动员全运会赛前运动自信、自我评价和比赛应对策略研究

采用运动自信量表、自我评价问卷和比赛应对策略问卷,对参加第十届全运会决赛的62名运动员进行研究,旨在为优秀运动员赛前心理准备提供参考依据,为教练员科学调控运动员竞技状态提供心理依据。研究结果显示,赛前特质运动自信全运会前8名运动员得分显著高于未取得成绩的运动员,技能类运动员得分显著高于体能类运动员。特质运动自信与比赛成绩中度相关,统计学检验有较高显著性。自我评价与特质运动自信中度相关,统计学检验有较高显著性。比赛应对策略前8名运动员显著高于未取得成绩运动员,技能类运动员显著高于体能类运动员。比赛应对策略与比赛成绩相关分析,统计学检验有较高显著性。赛前运动自信、自我评价和比赛应对策略没有运动技术等级的差异;赛前运动自信没有性别差异,自我评价没有性别和项目类别差异。     

Some Empirical Notes on the Epo Epidemic in Professional Cycling

The 1990–2010 period in professional cycling is labeled by some as the epo epidemic. Surprisingly, performance enhancement by epo and blood doping is not that clear-cut for endurance athletes, leading to the question whether doping indeed strongly influenced cyclists' performances from the 1990s onwards. We examined the records (1947–2008) of the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a España (N = 181) and assessed the time it took riders to win the race. The findings revealed normally distributed performances and linear and quartic relationships in victors' performances over time that correspond with Brewer's (2002) sociohistorical analysis of professional cycling, suggesting that effects of the epo epidemic on professional cyclists' achievements may be overestimated.     

Some empirical notes on the epo epidemic in professional cycling

The 1990-2010 period in professional cycling is labeled by some as the epo epidemic. Surprisingly, performance enhancement by epo and blood doping is not that clear-cut for endurance athletes, leading to the question whether doping indeed strongly influenced cyclists' performances from the 1990s onwards. We examined the records (1947-2008) of the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a Espa?a (N = 181) and assessed the time it took riders to win the race. The findings revealed normally distributed performances and linear and quartic relationships in victors' performances over time that correspond with Brewer's (2002) sociohistorical analysis of professional cycling suggesting that effects of the epo epidemic on professional cyclists'achievements may be overestimated.     

Modelling and analysing track cycling Omnium performances using statistical and machine learning techniques

Abstract

This article describes the utilisation of an unsupervised machine learning technique and statistical approaches (e.g., the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) that assist cycling experts in the crucial decision-making processes for athlete selection, training, and strategic planning in the track cycling Omnium. The Omnium is a multi-event competition that will be included in the summer Olympic Games for the first time in 2012. Presently, selectors and cycling coaches make decisions based on experience and intuition. They rarely have access to objective data. We analysed both the old five-event (first raced internationally in 2007) and new six-event (first raced internationally in 2011) Omniums and found that the addition of the elimination race component to the Omnium has, contrary to expectations, not favoured track endurance riders. We analysed the Omnium data and also determined the inter-relationships between different individual events as well as between those events and the final standings of riders. In further analysis, we found that there is no maximum ranking (poorest performance) in each individual event that riders can afford whilst still winning a medal. We also found the required times for riders to finish the timed components that are necessary for medal winning. The results of this study consider the scoring system of the Omnium and inform decision-making toward successful participation in future major Omnium competitions.     

我国优秀男子公路自行车运动员无氧能力特征的研究

为了解我国优秀男子公路自行车运动员无氧能力的特征，本研究采用Wingate无氧试验法对10名现役国家男子公路自行车队队员进行了无氧能力测试。研究发现我国优秀男子公路自行车运动员无氧能力偏低，提示应重视无氧能力的训练。     

Tour de France,Giro, Vuelta,and classic European races show a unique progression of road cycling speed in the last 20 years

Abstract

Road cycling ranks among the most intense endurance exercises. Previous studies and mathematical models describing road cycling have not analysed performances per se. We describe the evolution of road cycling performance over the past 116 years. We studied the top ten cyclists' mean speeds in eight famous classic races and three European Grand Tours, using a previously published multi-exponential model that highlights the different progression periods of an event during the century. In addition, we measured an indicator of difficulty for the Tour de France by calculating the climbing index (i.e. the total altitude climbed over total distance). The eleven races' mean speed increased progressively from 23.13 km · h^?1 in 1892 to 41.19 ± 2.03 km · h^?1 in 2008. Road cycling development, like other quantifiable disciplines, fits a piecewise progression pattern that follows three periods: before, between, and after the two World Wars. However, a fourth period begins after 1993, providing a speed progression of 6.38% from the third one. The Tour de France's climbing index also provided insight into a recent paradoxical relationship with speeds: when the climbing index increased, the winner's speed also increased. Our results show a major improvement (6.38%) in road cycling performance in the last 20 years and question the role of extra-physiological parameters in this recent progression.     

第十一届亚运会自行车男子4000米个人追逐赛前六名骑行速度的分析

本文对第十一届亚运会自行车男子4000米个人追逐赛前六名速度的分析,呈现出以下规律:全程速度变化是由出发开始加速至第一圈末达到最高点,随后前半程逐渐减速,后半程逐渐加速过程。全程速度变化越小,成绩越好,趋向于匀速运动,表现出运动员时速控制能力强。成绩越好,耗体力越大,耗能量越多,表现体能越强,但是,在全程中速度变化波动越小,耗体力越少,表现出能量节省化状态。     

Success in elite cycling: A prospective and retrospective analysis of race results

The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age < or = 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling.     

Vertigo in downhill mountain biking and road cycling

Vertigo has been described after the practice of mountain bike. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vertigo following competitions or training sessions of downhill mountain biking (DMB) or road cycling (RC). One hundred and two DMB riders, 79 road cyclists and 73 control participants filled in a survey intended to evaluate the prevalence of vertigo in daily living activities and following competitions or training sessions. Vertigo causal factors (crashes, head trauma, fatigue, characteristics of the path/road ridden) were recorded. DMB riders and road cyclists did not report more vertigo during daily living activities than controls. But DMB riders older than 30 had more risk to report vertigo than age-matched road cyclists (OR: 5.06, 95% CI: 1.23–20.62). Road cyclists aged between 20 and 29 were 2.59-fold (95% CI: 1.06–6.27) more likely to report vertigo than controls. After competitions and training sessions, DMB riders were 2.33-fold (95% CI: 1.22–4.41) more likely to report vertigo than road cyclists. Vertigo causal factors were crash with head trauma in DMB riders and fatigue in road cyclists. Vertigo during daily living activities may be of concern for cyclists, particularly older DMB riders. The accumulation of impacts (crashes, vibrations) during the career of a DMB rider may generate micro-traumatisms of the central nervous system and/or peripheral vestibular structures, particularly the otolith organs. In RC, the pathophysiological mechanisms generating vertigo might be effort-related disturbance of homeostasis. To avoid injuries, DMB riders should be aware that vertigo may occur at the end of training sessions or competitions.     

The Legacy of Festina: Patterns of Drug Use in European Cycling Since 1998

Since the Tour de France doping scandal of 1998 there has been a concerted effort to ‘clean up’ cycling. But has this meant a change in attitude regarding the use of doping within the professional cycling community? In order to compare norms and values of today's elite cyclist with those of earlier periods, three historical phases in modern cycling are identified, and an account of professional cyclists’ preparations is given for each phase. Because of the different attitudes to doping found between riders of different categories, the article considers it necessary to reject the commonly held view that elite cyclists all take part in the same deviant subculture.     

Success in elite cycling: A prospective and retrospective analysis of race results

Abstract

The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age ≤ 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling.