访德观感——一个图书馆员的视角

论文介绍了德国图书馆事业现状与最新进展，概述了参访的五个图书馆的特色与服务，联系国内图书馆事业发展的现状，阐发了访德的感受与体会。     

Rethinking Formal knowledge and its practices in the organization: The British Treasury's registry between 1900 and 1950

The organization of registriesemerged in the First World War to become apersistent problem in the British CivilService. Registry services and control ofinformation and records were the key issues. The Treasury's re-organizations beginning in1919 and continuing into the 1960s, andsubsequent changes in its registry in 1920,1928, 1938, and 1944, highlight contemporaryconcerns for efficiency and better control overinformation and practices. Despite lip serviceto the importance of official knowledge inrecords, models were imperfectly implemented.By 1950, official records were only a smallpart of the Treasury's recorded communicationsand the ideal model of a central registryservice was giving way to local applications insub-registries serving functional communities. Registries were as much social practices asthey were rule-guided systems for informationartefacts.     

古典目录学研究的新境界——徐有富教授《目录学与学术史》评介

徐有富教授的目录学新著《目录学与学术史》一书的出版将古典目录学的研究推到了一个新的境界。理论上,该书作者对历代目录所构成的通代学术史性质有着清醒的认识,认为“中国历代目录实际上就是中国学术史的缩影”。方法上,有两点值得注意：其一,精心选择富有代表性的目录著作进行目录学研究与宏观的学术史建构;其二,紧紧抓住目录本身的要素特点,精心设计研究论题,进行目录学与学术史的研究工作。成效上,表现为学术史研究内容的丰富与扩大。该书不可避免地存在着一些不足之处。参考文献12。     

The Federal Register: Origins, formulation, realization, and heritage

The Federal Register Act statutorily mandated an official gazette for the Federal Government to provide better accountability for administrative regulations, rules, and orders, and greater transparency in the creation of such law. The later establishment of the Code of Federal Regulations and the enactment of the Administrative Procedure Act added enhancement and incentives to the original act. The National Archives and Record Administration recently celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary of this publication. The overview of the origins, development, and legacy of the Federal Register provided here was prepared as a background text for an invited lecture by the author at National Archives headquarters marking the creation of the Register and its heritage.     

The Korean government's electronic record management reform: The promise and perils of digital democratization

Recently, the Korean government instituted a reform in its archives with the goal of increasing transparency in government and meeting the challenges of the new digital environment in records management. President Roh's administration focused on a “process and system” reform through a shift from paper-based records management to electronic records management. The E-jiwon task management system of the Office of the President, invented by President Roh himself, served as the archetype for the reform. This study explores and critiques the administration's choice of a “process and system” reform over institutional reform, examines the legal framework used to enact the reform and its shortcomings, and analyzes the benefits and deficiencies of the E-jiwon as a tool for democracy in the archives. It concludes that while the new digital environment can assist in promoting government transparency, technological change by itself is inadequate; ultimately, institutional change is necessary for true reform.     

A final flowering of the developmental state: The IT policy experiment of the Korean Information Infrastructure, 1995–2005

In contrast to the private-led initiative typified by the U.S. Information Superhighway project in the early 90s, the Korean government was in the forefront of directing the Korean Information Infrastructure (KII) project (1995–2005), which was aimed at building a nationwide broadband backbone network. This study first looks at how the developmental mechanism of Korea during the KII project signifies the weaker status of the civilian government of the 90s. This study then shows how in the KII project, the government served primarily as a moderator mediating conflicts between the private sector and the relevant public agencies. To describe the close state–capital linkages in the KII project, this study focuses on the government's financial investment system for enticing the private sector to install the IT infrastructure, the neatly coordinated policy networks between the public and private entities, and the policy discourses by which the government achieved a national consensus on IT-driven economic development.     

DDC到《中图法》类目映射方法研究

对于中外分类法的映射研究,国内多关注于对计算机自动映射方法的探讨,缺乏对词表类目复杂语义关系的具体研究。本文在对DDC和《中图法》理学领域共计4639个类目进行人工直接映射的基础上,通过统计其匹配依据,得出结论:理学类目下数学、物理、化学、天文、地理等不同学科内匹配依据的总体分布呈现一致性的特点,这为检验计算机自动匹配准确性提供了方法。实验表明,类目名称、注释、主题词、类目关系作为主要的判断依据,占映射类目的63%,依据匹配规则占映射的5.14%,依据书目记录的匹配占31.87%,因此论文建议实现计算机自动匹配时,除类目自身信息外,还需考虑书目记录的匹配。     

The annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs: Revisiting the key to the United States Congressional Serial Set, 1824–1920

The Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for the years 1824 through 1920, described the interactions between the American Indian tribes and the federal government. J. A. Jones (Jones, J. A. (1955). Key to the annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Ethnohistory, 2, 58–64). Provided a key to these documents found in the United States Congressional Serial Set, but this tool contained a number of errors. This article provides a fresh look at this key, with particular focus upon the availability of these materials through the Readex Serial Set digital collection.     

'Your Life in Their Hands': The context of a medical-media controversy

The establishment of Finnish television in the mid-1950s was heavily affected by the cold war politics. Both the Soviet Union and the United States were interested in the development of the Finnish television. Regular television transmissions were started by a commercial television station called TES-TV which was balancing between eastern and western interests. The Soviet attempts to interfere with the station were rejected, while the help from the United States was warmly welcomed. Thus the term Finlandization does not apply the early years of the Finnish commercial television. My main argument is that TES-TV became a site of balancing between East and West and, as such, symbolizes, Finland's role in the cold war. My analysis covers the launching of the company and its programming in 1956–1964. The empirical material draws mainly on archival material which is completed by interviews and the TV pages and articles published in a radio and television magazine.     

西方自然历史博物馆展陈变迁——从以文化和艺术为主的综合性视角出发

西方自然历史博物馆的展陈设计向来不是仅以科学作为独立的支撑。在其变迁中,艺术与文化的影响不可小觑。本文从西方历史、宗教和文化的背景出发,分析长期以来在自然历史博物馆的展陈设计中所隐含的科学观念与艺术文化现象,及其设计方式和影响范围。最后对新型自然历史博物馆所在学科理念和理论依据方面可尝试的突破方向做出了预期。     

Cataloging a Contested Classic: Joseph Baldwin's The Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi (1853)

This article discusses the publication history of a significant pre-Civil War work of legal literature and considers controversies caused by the book's contents and cataloging errors caused by its various editions. It appends a bibliography of all print editions.     

The Home Stretch to the Next Deanship: Part V of the Education of a Law Librarian

ABSTRACT

This is the fifth installment in Robert C. Berring's autobiography, Education of a Twentieth-Century Law Librarian. The first installment is at 32 Legal References Services Quarterly 1 (2013).     

The structural evolution of the Chinese Premier's Press Conference: a study in institutionalization

A given political communication practice is firmly related to the structure it locates in. This paper concerns such communication in the Chinese context, with a focus on the case of the Chinese Premier's Press Conference (CPPC). Informed by sociological institutionalism, it divides the CPPC's evolution into three stages – habitualization, objectification, and sedimentation, each of which has different characteristics of structural evolution due to different historical and cultural conditions. It argues that the structure of the CPPC has evolved to a ‘semi-institutionalized’ one, involving both formal and informal components. The informal components within this structure lead to negotiations among different decision-makers on the information that is delivered at the CPPC and to the public. It reveals the nature of Chinese political structure today, that is, wherein every decision-making undergoes a bargaining process within the system.     

When the bureaucrat promises to safeguard your online privacy: Dissecting the contents of privacy statements on Dutch municipal websites

Various studies show that the display of a privacy statement on an organization's website can be a potent, but simple way of acquiring clients' and users' trust, which results in the completion of transactions with the organization through its website. Empirical studies that analyze the contents of privacy statements on commercial websites are profuse, while privacy statements posted on the websites of non-commercial organizations have been largely ignored by researchers. In this study, the contents of privacy statements on Dutch municipal websites are analyzed. Using the important provisions of the Wet Bescherming Persoonsgegevens (WBP) or the Dutch Personal Data Protection Act, the study also looked into the conformity of the contents of privacy statements with the existing law on privacy protection in the Netherlands. We also looked into the availability and findability of privacy statements on Dutch municipal websites. Three important findings resulted from this study: first, not all municipal websites bother to post privacy statements on their websites; second, most municipalities do not ensure that their online privacy statements are findable; and third, privacy statements on Dutch municipal websites emphasize diverging assurances and promises—with some privacy policies containing all the important provisions of the WBP, and others offering only general, and sometimes rather vague, guarantees.     

The negative effects of citing with a national orientation in terms of recognition: National and international citations in natural-sciences papers from Germany,the Netherlands,and the UK

Nations can be distinguished in terms of whether domestic or international research is cited. We analyzed the research output in the natural sciences of three leading European research economies (Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK) and ask where their researchers look for the knowledge that underpins their most highly-cited papers. Is one internationally oriented or is citation limited to national resources? Do the citation patterns reflect a growing differentiation between the domestic and international research enterprise? To evaluate change over time, we include natural-sciences papers published in the countries from three publication years: 2004, 2009, and 2014. The results show that articles co-authored by researchers from Germany or the Netherlands are less likely to be among the globally most highly-cited articles if they also cite “domestic” research (i.e. research authored by authors from the same country). To put this another way, less well-cited research is more likely to stand on domestic shoulders and research that becomes more highly-cited is more likely to stand on international shoulders. A possible reason for the results is that researchers “over-cite” the papers from their own country – lacking the focus on quality in citing. However, these differences between domestic and international shoulders are not visible for the UK.     

The activities of the terminological center of the RAS (a Brief Review)

The history and activities of the Terminological Center of the RAS, along with its contacts, and the creative ties of its specialists are described. The First International Symposium on Terminology and Knowledge and the session of the Technical Committee 37 on Terminology of the International Organization on Standardization are related.     

重拾、共构与嵌合:乡村青年的抗疫媒介实践——以新冠肺炎疫情中的武汉市黄陂区A村为例

传播媒介深深嵌入乡村社会中,并改变传统乡村的社会结构与生活方式,建构着新的社区文化。文章以媒介研究的实践转向为路径,采用网络民族志研究方法,探讨乡村青年是如何统合新旧媒介进行媒介实践活动,媒介在乡村抗疫过程中扮演何种角色,并在实践中又产生何种主体关系与文化。研究发现新旧媒介彼此交融混搭,甚至传统媒介被重拾,两者共构为一种社会文化"传播力"。青年并未被媒介结构反制,他们发挥创造力与能动性,成为抗疫行动的主体。媒介实践是一个互动过程,它不仅是再现或描述现实,更是对现实世界的形塑与建构。