“多次引用同一著者的同一文献”的概念和页码著录方式商榷

【目的】为正确理解和执行GB/T7714—2015《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》规定,为规则的修订完善提供参考。【方法】 对《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》中“多次引用同一著者的同一文献”的概念内涵进行逻辑分析,指出其引文页码著录存在的问题。【结果】 对“多次引用同一著者的同一文献时,在正文中标注首次引用的文献序号,并在序号的‘［］’外著录引文页码。”这一表述提出了修改建议;提出多次引用同一篇期刊析出文献的引文页码著录方法。【结论】 建议“多次引用同一著者的同一文献”修改为“多次引用同一文献”,进一步明确其页码著录方式。     

我国学术期刊参考文献中DOI著录现状分析

【目的】充分发挥DOI的检索和引文链接功能;便于优先数字出版论文的检索、浏览和引用。【方法】 采用比较法、归纳法和统计分析法对学术期刊参考文献中DOI标注的现状进行分析,并提出参考文献规范著录DOI的建议和对策。【结果】我国学术期刊参考文献中DOI标注比例较低,且不够规范。【结论】 国家标准中拟增加DOI作为参考文献著录项目;编辑出版部门应积极申请注册和规范使用DOI;论文作者也应习惯运用DOI进行文献的检索和浏览,并注意规范著录DOI。     

GB/T 7714—2015参考文献新标准的重大修改及疑点

【目的】促进参考文献新标准的进一步完善,推动参考文献新标准的实施,帮助读者掌握和执行参考文献新标准。【方法】通过比较GB/T 7714—2015《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》（新标准）和GB/T 7714—2005《文后参考文献著录规则》（旧标准）,分析两者间的异同,主要关注新标准对于旧标准的修订之处,给予新标准客观评价。【结果】新标准在继承旧标准的基础上,顺应时代发展,对诸多条款作了修改、调整和补充。新标准总体上是成功的,但尚不完善,存在部分疑点。【结论】针对新标准的疑点给出了修订建议,能为今后新标准的修订工作提供参考,以期推动文献著录工作的不断规范。     

科技期刊参考文献著录质量分析及提升策略北大核心CSSCI

【目的】系统揭示当前科技期刊参考文献著录质量现状,为提升参考文献著录质量提出策略建议。【方法】采用抽样审读法,选取7个自然科学学科的14种期刊,审读其2020年第1期中的5904条参考文献,对参考文献著录方面存在的准确性和规范性问题进行分类、归纳和分析。【结果】14种期刊参考文献的差错率均值为22.20%,最高值为61.97%,最低值为5.46%;参考文献主要责任者项和出版项是最易产生差错的高危区;期刊普遍存在未严格执行国家标准和未全刊统一等著录规范性问题。【结论】科技期刊参考文献著录质量现状不容乐观,著录质量有待提升;对作者进行相关培训、在编辑过程中引入智能辅助工具能够有效提升参考文献的著录质量。     

科学引证概念模型建构与分析

【目的】 为科技编辑出版中的参考文献引用、引文内容鉴审、引用格式规范化,以及科技期刊引文分析和学术评价提供整体性的思维框架和理论参考。【方法】 通过分析科学引证的概念,提出由科学论著、参考文献和引文内容三要素构成的科学引证概念模型。【结果】 根据科学引证概念模型,从科技编辑视角,系统分析了科学论著、参考文献与引文内容的相互作用关系。【结论】 科学引证概念模型分析发现了科技编辑出版和引文分析中存在的问题和缺陷,并得到若干有益的启示,启发值得引起重视的研究课题。     

参考文献数字对象标识符规范著录的编校实践

【目的】 对国内科技期刊参考文献中数字对象唯一标识符(Digital Object Identifier,DOI)著录方面的问题和经验进行思考总结,为提高DOI规范化著录水平提供参考。【方法】 通过中国知网学术期刊数据库检索分析国内期刊参考文献DOI著录现状;从编校实践角度出发,对参考文献DOI规范化著录中出现的问题进行总结,并提出相应的对策。【结果】 近年来,我国科技期刊在参考文献DOI著录方面已取得很大发展,但在编校实践中,DOI著录错误的问题时有发生。为作者提供说明文档及参考文献模板文件、针对常见问题进行批量检查,以及加强DOI语法知识学习等是提高DOI规范著录水平的有效方法。【结论】 期刊编辑在编校实践中,应注重DOI著录相关知识的学习和宣传,善于利用各种工具手段,以不断提高DOI规范化著录的水平。     

我国科技期刊DOI使用现状分析——以大气科学类2014年版CJCR核心期刊为例

【目的】找出大气科学类期刊DOI注册和应用中存在的问题并及时解决,充分发挥DOI在科技期刊的作用,普及DOI检索在科研中的应用。【方法】调查分析2014版《中国科技期刊引证报告（核心版）》大气科学类核心期刊使用DOI的现状,包括DOI的注册及标注、文后参考文献著录,以及DOI的解析情况。【结果】大气科学类期刊DOI注册较成熟,但是DOI的应用和宣传远远不够,特别表现在文后参考文献的著录、首页的推荐引用格式,以及解析不准确等方面。【结论】提出科技期刊应做好DOI注册的后期工作,并加大DOI的宣传力度,提高DOI解析的正确性,在DOI的应用方面早日与国际接轨。     

中国地质学类期刊文后参考文献的引用特征

【目的】准确把握中国地质学类期刊引文的主要特征。【方法】以《中国科技期刊引证报告》(核心版)中的学术指标为依据,分析了31种地质学类期刊2009~2013年的学术地位和文后参考文献的现状及引用特征。【结果】地质类期刊在我国具有较强的学术竞争力,篇均引文数高至71.9篇,平均值为32.4篇,显著高于中国期刊整体水平(12.6~15.9篇),但总体水平低于国际同行期刊。文后参考文献的引用特征表现在:参考文献的内容质量是关注核心;以时效性强的期刊类文献为主,专著和标准类文献较少引用;鼓励引用近3~5年的现时文献;来源期刊的专业学科和交叉学科文献占80%以上;自引率平均值为0.15,且逐年降低,五年总体降幅为30%,提高了期刊公信力。【结论】地质学期刊引用特征体现了地学领域研究的国际化程度增强、作者研究层次的提高和期刊办刊理念的创新。。     

参考文献中的中国专利引文不规范分析及解决建议

【目的】 分析中国科技论文参考文献中不规范的中国专利引文,为期刊编辑、科研管理人员等提供参考。【方法】 以中国科学技术信息研究所中国科技论文与引文数据库中2009—2012年的专利引文数据为例,结合国标GB/T 7714—2015的规范,从规范中的专利所有者、专利题名、专利国别、专利号和专利出版日期5个要素出发,总结中国专利引文的不规范形式。【结果】 2009—2012年,专利引文的年均增长率为5.72%,但专利引文的规范性较差。【结论】 结合技术专利和期刊论文的相似性及作者引用的便利性,建议中国专利引文的引用标准格式为“［序号］ 发明人. 专利名称［P］. 授权号. 专利授权日期.”。     

科技期刊参考文献评价体系的构建及应用

【目的】为主管部门审读科技期刊参考文献提供指标和评价体系,为提升参考文献著录质量提供参考。【方法】以33种科技期刊165篇论文中的5092条参考文献为研究对象,采用“人+机”协同的审读方法,通过归纳总结和定性定量分析相结合的方法,构建参考文献评价体系。【结果】33种期刊差错率、差错率变异系数、差错密度和差错密度变异系数的均值分别为20.87%±1.16%、55.74、1.12±0.02和22.91;依据4个评价指标构建的著录质量评价体系发现,高质量参考文献期刊只有3种,低质量参考文献期刊有7种;依据参考文献差错类型评价体系发现,在33种期刊的参考文献差错类型中,内容差错的比例为92.54%,格式差错的比例为7.46%,内容中的出版/出处项、主要责任者差错的比例分别为39.08%、35.99%。【结论】科技期刊参考文献著录质量总体水平偏低,迫切需要提升,应引起作者、期刊编辑部和主管部门的高度重视。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence