特殊教育教师自我认知的现状研究

从特殊教育教师的自我认知角度出发,通过整群抽取全国几所特殊教育学校(中心)教师,针对"对工资的认知、对自己工作能力和素质的认知、对专业发展动因的认知"三方面展开问卷调查,发现当前特教教师对工资的满意度分化严重,绝大部分人对自己的能力与素养具有较为清醒的认知,继续教育动因的前四位依次为提高教育教学的素养、提高待遇、提高学历与上级要求,并存在教师年龄、学校类型、当前学历上的显著差异。     

注重中学英语兴趣教学

兴趣是最好的老师.在学习英语的过程中,只有不断激发学生的学习兴趣,才能让更多的学生体验到成功的快乐.积极情绪有助于促进认知过程,巩固认知过程,起到推波助澜的作用.当情绪快乐时,思维会变得格外灵活、敏捷,头脑显得尤其清醒,分析判断也容易正确.人对有兴趣的事物总是心神向往,优先给予注意.浓厚的兴趣是推动人们去寻求知识和从事活动的巨大动力.     

在初中英语教学中互动教学的应用初探

初中英语教学承担着承前启后的重要作用。作为连接小学英语学习和高中英语学习的重要环节,初中英语教学要对任务有清醒的认知。课程改革的不断深入要求初中英语教学注重培养学生对英语的运用能力,尊重学生的学习主体性,训练学生的独立性。英语是一门语言,因此英语教学离不开人与人之间的沟通与交流。当前我国英语学习的环境并不是很完善,除了课堂教学学生基本不使用英语。因此英语课堂教学之中的互动显得尤为重要。在此,笔者主要针对初中英语教学中互动教学的应用谈一谈看法。     

初中元认知数学教学的理论研究与实践探讨

元认知是主体对自己的认知过程和结果的认知,其实质是主体对认知活动和结果的自我意识、自我监控和自我调节．在学习过程中,学生只有掌握有关自己思维活动和认知活动的知识,具有对自己思维活动和认知活动的控制能力,即学生应具有元认知能力,才能保持清醒的头脑,从而有效地解决问题．因此,适当的数学元认知的培养和训练,能促进学生思维品质和智力的发展,提高学生的学习效率．针对学生的认知情况,我们提出了在初中阶段进行元认知数学教学的设想,即运用元认知理论指导数学教学,以培养学生的数学元认知能力为突破口,达到提高学生数学素养的目的．     

打造绿色生态环境 开展绿色生态教育

随着人类对环境危机的广泛认知,生态教育逐渐走出生态学专业圈囿,置身公众舞台。人们越来越清醒地意识到,生态问题的背后所隐藏的是人的价值取向问题,生态教育是"防范胜于救灾"的最有效且最持久的生态保护手段,在幼儿园开展生态教育是时代与现实的需要。本文阐述了在幼儿园中通过环境建设开展生态教育的一些具体做法,使幼儿在与环境的互动中健康快乐地成长。     

谈学生元认知能力的培养

在教学中，有意识、有目的地教给学生一些元认知知识是必要的。首先，应帮助学生增强对自身及他人认知过程的意识。帮助学生对自身的学习兴趣、爱好、能力、学习基础以及自身在认知上的优势和不足等进行正确分析，使其有一个清醒的认识，并对存在的不足给以必要的指导。其次，应帮助学生获得对认知材料的认识。要使学生了解学习材料的特征，尤其是与其他学科的区别和联系，不同的认知任务的特点和认知要求，不同认知任务的难易程度等。这样便于学生预先有学习上的心理准备，使学生能够对不同的认知任务采取不同的学习方法、学习策略。另外，还应帮助学生获得一些学习策略。在教学中可通过语言将自己对某类问题解决的思维过程展现给学生，也可要求学生注意某些同学的认知过程，并引导他们对该思维过程进行评价。     

“风月谈”中风云谈

本文主要分析《准风月谈》的思想内容,从文学的角度,认识鲁迅先生杂文以“一嘴、一毛”写“全体”的强大的社会认知功能,感受“人的战士”鲁迅先生自由独立的精神和清醒而深广的社会关怀。     

新媒体语境下大学生媒介素养动态研究

在新媒体环境中,大学生对媒介的认知、态度以及价值观取向等十分重要。大学生作为向成年阶段迈进的群体,他们的价值观、世界观的形成与发展受到大众传媒的影响。要提升大学生的媒介素养,使其积极健康地接收媒介信息,利用媒介、甄别媒介,并对大众媒介为我们所制造的媒介现实有清醒的认知。     

日本女性文学战争记忆中的“满蒙”叙事

明治维新后,日本不断进行对外扩张,推行"大陆政策",期间新造了政治地理名词--"满蒙"。诸多日本女性作家旅行、旅居"满蒙"并以纤细笔触创作了众多相关文学作品。一些作品美化日本的殖民统治,丑化中国,渲染"五族协和",为日本的殖民统治服务,从中可以看出日本对外扩张政策在文艺领域的渗透。同时亦有作品对战争及殖民具有清醒的认识,批判日本发动的侵略战争,呈现中国人的善良与大爱,并表达了对日本民众战争认知及日本历史教育的忧虑。女性作家战争记忆中的"满蒙"叙事,从一个侧面透视了日本人的战争认识与历史认知。     

儿童认知发展研究中的一个新课题——儿童的心理理论

在儿童心理学中，以往对儿童认知的研究主要集中在儿童对自然现象的认知上。但是，婴儿自出生后，除接触周围的自然物外，还会接触到社会环境，接触到人和由人组成的社会。因此，儿童的认知除了自然认知外，还有对各种社会现象(包括对人)的认知，即社会认知。从某种意义上讲，社会认知比自然认知更为重要。社会认知和自然     

On Ugliness in Words,in Politics,in Tour-ism

Many educational theoretical approaches to cosmopolitanism tend towards an unconditional appreciation of mobility, diversity and rootlessness. The recent interest of educational philosophy in the rhizome, de-territorialization and diversity contributes to this understanding of cosmopolitanism as movement across a borderless and imperfect world. Without downplaying such insights (and related political education), this article displaces and de-temporalizes them. It takes the form of a parody of the rhizome to view those insights from a different perspective and make them strike a different pedagogical note.     

Resistant agency in German lessons in primary education in Germany

This paper aims to research practices of resistance as an important part of agency in primary school classrooms. By combining a post-structural theoretical frame with a critical ethnographic research approach, it understands children’s resistance as an ordinary practice, as a necessary response to structures and practices of the classroom setting. It argues that agency needs to be resistant to some extent, because otherwise it would be merely submission or adaptation. How agency can emerge depends on the social position of the student, which influences the way in which she or he is able to anticipate (more or less implicitly) spaces for resistant agency and also how he or she is addressed in the classroom and beyond. An ethnographic case study of German lessons in a third-grade primary class in a German school shows how resistant agency manifests and how it might be restricted when it comes to racialised subject-positions in the classroom.     

Trends in computer applications in science assessment

Seven computer applications to science assessment are reviewed. Conventional test administration includes record keeping, grading, and managing test banks. Multiple-choice testing involves forced selection of an answer from a menu, whereas constructed-response testing involves options for students to present their answers within a set standard deviation. Adaptive testing attempts to individualize the test to minimize the number of items and time needed to assess a student's knowledge. Figurai response testing assesses science proficiency in pictorial or graphic mode and requires the student to construct a mental image rather than selecting a response from a multiple choice menu. Simulations have been found useful for performance assessment on a large-scale basis in part because they make it possible to independently specify different aspects of a real experiment. An emerging approach to performance assessment is solution pathway analysis, which permits the analysis of the steps a student takes in solving a problem. Virtually all computer-based testing systems improve the quality and efficiency of record keeping and data analysis.     

Recent Developments in Education in Singapore

This analysis of recent developments and trends in education in Singapore attempts to show how a government through a pragmatic approach to education and nation-building has tried to resolve, within the framework of a number of unchanging parameters, some of the problems posed by constant social change and a rapidly changing national and global economy. The parameters are the multiracial and multilingual nature of Singapore society, the maximisation of the potential in all its young citizens through the provision of educational opportunities, and the maintenance of equality of treatment and opportunity for all, irrespective of ethnicity, religion and language. In the final analysis, the central tenets of an ideology underpinning the education system are identified.     

我国的珍珠研究进展

概述中国珍珠科学技术和生产的发展历史。总结20世纪以来我国在珍珠贝类生态生理、人工育苗、病害防治和珍珠加工等方面的研究进展状况,指出已取得的具有国际先进水平的研究领域和当前存在的问题,并展望我国珍珠科学的发展方向。     

Changes in University Governance in France and in Italy

The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a deep effect on the relationship between state and university, and therefore a direct impact on university governance. This article sums up the main results of a research carried out on university Présidents in France and Rettori in Italy, with the aim of understanding their views about the changing process in higher education systems and the related impact on their leading role. There emerges a picture of systems transiting from a traditional centralised Napoleonic structure to a new one where the growing autonomy requires a different kind of governance not previously experienced, and thus not easy to implement mostly because of the resistance coming from universities themselves. The majority of Presidents and Rectors seem aware of the changing process and the related problems even if they do not all agree upon feasible trends to follow. Such a disagreement appears to be an understandable consequence of the unstable and unpredictable direction of the changing situation in the two systems.     

国内后现代意味的史学实践举隅

西方后现代思潮的传入对史学产生了巨大的冲击。近年来,国内翻译介绍了大量的后现代理论、后现代与社会科学的关系、后现代与史学的关系、后现代史学批评、后现代史学实践等方面的经典著作。这些工作使学界对后现代史学有了相对深入的了解,并为付诸实践奠定了基础。目前,思想史、区域史、口述史领域都零星出现了一些具有后现代意味的作品。后现代史学的批判能量及在拓展史料范围、拓宽研究视野等方面的有益启示都已初现端倪。     

Medicus interruptus in the behaviour of children in disadvantaged contexts in Scotland

The medicalisation of the behaviour of children is a phenomenon that is attracting growing attention, with particular concern about the increased likelihood of children living in disadvantaged contexts receiving a medical diagnosis, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and treatment. This paper reports on a study of professionals involved with children experiencing behavioural problems. The professionals interviewed in this study articulated their own reservations about the medicalisation of children’s behaviour and revealed a number of strategies for interrupting the process towards diagnosis. These interruptions, analysed using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of deterriorialisation, took place along linguistic, visual and affective planes and were successful in encouraging teachers and head teachers to see alternatives to the medical route. The findings have implications for existing practice in the response to, and support for, behavioural problems and for teacher education.     

突破收费"瓶颈"实现高校的可持续发展

高校收费的问题已成为我国高等教育实现“大众化”以及可持续发展的“瓶颈”。为探讨这一问题,本研究了发达国家高校学费收费的经验,并结合我国的实际,提出了三条措施：建立银行助学贷款体系;恢复高校学费收费的“双轨制”;降低教育成本,调整经费支出比例结构。