新目标英语七年级（下）期末测试题

Ⅰ．听力。（20分） A．听对话，选出与图画内容相符的选项。（共5小题，计5分） B．听句子，选择正确的答语。（共5小题，计5分） 6．A．Next year． B．From 2000 to 2004．     

背景知识与报刊英语的翻译

美英报刊涉及美英社会政治、经济、文化、军事、社会等各个层面,里面有大量的报刊英语包括时事用语、行话、俚语、外来语等,对于外国读者来说,由于社会政治背景和语言文化背景的差异,在阅读和翻译时往往遇到很大的困难,甚至产生错误。因此,掌握一定的相关背景知识对于正确阅读美英报刊并进行翻译是非常重要的。     

颜色词的翻译与文化？

色彩与人类的生活息息相关,是人类认识世界的一个重要领域。色彩不仅具有物理属性,还有着丰富的文化内涵,因此是语言、文化及翻译研究中的一个重要课题。下面我们简要列举几个主要颜色词在英语和汉语中的对比。白色白色(white)在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁和清白的意思,但也有一些含义上的不同。英语中的white有时表达的含义,与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系,如:His name has been marked white郾摇(洗清污名)These were days marked with a white stone.摇(大书特书)He is the only white hope in the table tennis team.摇(争得荣…     

英语习语的理锯与翻译

英汉互译是学习英语的重要手段之一，尤其是接触到英语习语的翻译时，译者常需仔细推敲，切忌望文生义，使习语的翻译既符合习语使用的习惯，又符合习语的隐含意义。本文试从某些习语所产生的背景知识出发，来论述正确地理解习语是翻译的重要前提。     

怎样才能做好翻译

无论是翻译家还是初学翻译的学生．在做翻译的过程中都会思考：怎样才能做好翻译？就本人而言．对翻译知识还只知皮毛,也没有过很多的实践经验。从以往所做的翻译练习中,本人体会到要做好翻译需要具备一些很重要的条件。     

由EST的词汇特点谈专业知识与翻译

本文从科技英语词汇的特点出发,结合具体例子阐述了科技英语翻译中值得注意的一些问题。指出要搞好科技翻译必须同时具备充分的语言知识和一定的专业知识。     

英语新词翻译中的相对零翻译分析

随着我国翻译水平的不断进步和英语翻译技巧的不断完善,英语新词翻译中的相对零翻译得到了越来越广泛的关注。本文从对相对零翻译和英语新词进行简析入手,对英语新词翻译中的相对零翻译进行了分析。     

基于交际翻译的英语影视翻译研究

影视作品是一种“荧幕上的文化”,导演与编剧通过镜头、光影和人物的转化来为观者创造“另一个世界”,让最美的情感、真实的故事在荧幕上重新上演。推广一部优秀电影,其价值等同于推广一个国家、一个民族的独特文化。基于交际翻译的基本原则实施英语影视翻译活动,可以将烦琐的英语句子转化为简明扼要地表达影视,在丰富影视作品内涵的同时,让观者体验到作品的表达特点。文章分析了英语影视作品翻译中存在的相关问题,以交际翻译为背景,论述了基于交际翻译观点完成英语影视翻译的有效方法,希望为相关从业人员提供更多参考意见。     

功能翻译理论在法律翻译中的应用

本文从功能翻译理论、忠实性原则、翻译标准多元化和连贯性法则等方面入手,讨论如何利用功能翻译派的目的论来指导法律翻译。     

翻译之最

联合国教科文组织的翻译索引有关全球的主题和作者的卷宗。翻译的参考书目列表收入了1,700,000册书,其中包括130个国家,一共820种语言。在所有的作者中,华特·迪斯尼的作品和新约、旧约是被翻译语言最多的。J．K．罗琳还排不进前50名。但是有很多美国作家入选。达拉斯的得克萨斯大学有翻译研究中心,来自中心的云娜·斯科尔特说：“相比较将英语翻译成别的语言来说,从别的语言到美式英语的翻译很受限制。”     

An analysis of Ph.D. examiners’ reports in engineering

In recent years, there have been increasing calls for an overall transformation of the nature of engineering Ph.D. programs and the way theses are assessed. There exists a need to understand the examination process to ensure the best quality outcome for candidates in engineering. The work we present in this paper uses data collected between 2003 and 2010 for a total of 1220 Australian Ph.D. theses by analysing examiner reports. Our analysis indicates that Ph.D. theses in engineering, N?=?106, differ considerably from those in other fields in areas such as gender of candidates and examiners and the examiners’ geographical location. We also found that assessment areas such as significance and contribution of the thesis, publications arising from the thesis, breadth, depth and recency of the literature review and communication and editorial correctness are areas in which the proportion of text of engineering examiners' comments differs significantly from other fields.     

我国教育博士发展问题研究

教育博士是高等教育历史发展的必然产物,我国现处于教育博士发展的初期阶段。厘清其发展过程中教育博士与哲学博士、教育博士与教育硕士、教育博士与职业资格等三对关系,制定特色培养方案、建立职业资格体系、采取联合培养方式。     

改革博士生入学考试的新探索

本文本着实事求是、解放思想的原则，在博士生招生中积极探索新的途径，在考试方式、考试内容等方面做出大胆的创新，从而在博士生招生工作中开创新局面。     

Parents in prison: A child abuse and neglect prevention strategy

Parents in Prison is an innovative family support service housed at the Tennessee State Prison for Men. Developed in response to inmates' recognition of the need for child abuse and neglect prevention services relevant to men who are in prison, the program model has potential for becoming a major service delivery strategy. Leadership for Parents in Prison is provided by an inmate committee which receives consultation and assistance from a community advisory board and an institutional sponsor. Program components--correspondence and classroom courses, monthly events featuring community guest speakers, and family-focused social activities and projects--address family needs during incarceration and upon return to community living. These diverse components and the flexible service delivery format permit widespread inmate participation not readily available in a prison setting. Parents in Prison successes demonstrate that the period of incarceration can be used to improve parental skills and knowledge and to strengthen family relationships. They also demonstrate the viability of a family support service which relies on inmate leadership, community volunteer participation, and institutional support. The future success of this model depends on replication in other prison settings, dissemination of the program products which have been and continue to be developed, and rigorous, systematic examination of the impact that participation has on child abuse and neglect problems associated with a father's incarceration.     

The concept of ‘originality’ in the Ph.D.: how is it interpreted by examiners?

This paper explores ways in which examiners, supervisors and others interpret the concept of ‘originality’ when evaluating candidates’ achievements in the final Ph.D. examination. It is based on institutional responses to a question in a 2006 discussion paper on doctoral assessment about how universities define originality for the purpose of Ph.D. assessment and what other criteria are used to guide examiners in making judgements in the final examination. The paper also includes emerging findings from the first stages of data generation for a Ph.D. study about how examiners assess the Ph.D. This study involves viva observations and interviews with candidates, examiners, supervisors and independent chairs of vivas. Most participants, irrespective of role, discipline or field, confirmed that ‘originality’ or ‘a contribution to knowledge’ is required for a candidate to pass the Ph.D. examination, and that this criterion is interpreted in a subject-specific context by examiners. The studies suggest that the discipline or field in which the candidate’s topic is situated influences the examiners’ interpretation of ‘originality’ and their expectations of the candidate. However, ‘originality’ is not the only criterion for the Ph.D., and students are also required to demonstrate other achievements to pass the doctorate. The studies show that there is some degree of consistency among examiners in the general criteria used to evaluate the candidate’s thesis and performance in the viva. These findings are discussed in the light of the literature.     

博士研究生教育质量状况调查报告(博士生导师卷)

从保障博士研究生教育质量的角度出发,课题组对华东地区某师范大学的在校博士生导师进行了文件调查。调查显示,随着高等教育的跨越式发展,入学选拔、培养过程和学位授予等影响博士生教育质量的环节有待进一步改进。     

学术型博士生抱负与科研能力关系的实证研究——基于我国研究生院高校的分析

基于我国38所研究生院高校1729名学术型博士生的调查数据,探讨了学术型博士生抱负与科研能力之间的关系。结果发现,在博士生教育规模扩张及就业多元化的背景下,博士生的抱负呈现多元化、异质化的特征。自我承认和人际归属抱负、社群贡献抱负、社会认可抱负对三类科研能力均有显著的正影响,财务自足抱负对三类科研能力并无显著影响。自我承认和人际归属抱负、社群贡献抱负对三类科研能力的促进作用较大;社会认可抱负对构想与实践能力、专业表达与管理能力的提升促进作用较大,对前期准备能力的促进作用有限。     

高校新进教师如何提高自我教学能力

应届博士作为新进教师,大部分没有经过系统的教师培训,其教学能力不一定与科研实力匹配,不见得能胜任教师工作。所以,作为一名应届博士研究生,同时也是一名高校新进教师,提高教学能力十分必要,如何提高新进教师的教学能力值得思考。     

国际上博士生规模与名额分配机制的案例研究

我国著名高校的博士生培养往往面临着院系和导师之间争夺博士生名额的问题.为了解国外是否存在类似问题及其解决方式,本文作者对美国的俄亥俄州和乔治·华盛顿大学、英国的诺丁汉大学和香港的情况进行了调研.研究发现,这些学校并没有出现博士培养方面的供需矛盾,主要原因在于,国际上普遍的做法是层层放权,最后的决定权集中在基层的研究中心以及教师个体手中.这对我国高校的博士生名额分配机制有一定的启发意义.     

加强博士学位授予质量管理的若干探讨

本在对中国科学院理学和工学博士学位论质量评估的基础上，指出了当前博士学位论中普遍存在的问题，并就如何加强对博士学位授予质量的管理进行一些探讨。