国内外学习科学、设计、技术研究前沿与趋势——2019“学习设计、技术与学习科学”国际研讨会述评

随着学习科学、学习分析等领域的发展,学习设计也进入了崭新的发展阶段,正在成为国际教育技术领域的新研究热点,需要从更多更新的视角看待和研究。本文以“2019学习设计、技术与学习科学国际研讨会”为抓手,采用文献分析法和内容分析法,对研讨会内容及国内外代表性学者和文献进行了分析,总结提炼了当前国内外学习设计、技术与学习科学领域的研究热点。本文还提出要从新的理论、新的技术、新的证据、新的方法等视角看待学习设计的未来发展方向与趋势。     

WISE数字探究学习环境支持的科学教育

数字探究学习是指在数字化学习环境中,教师或研究者通过设计系列科学探究实验活动,引领学习者开展猜想、假设、探究、检验等探究活动,提升他们对科学概念和规律的认识,实现科学素养培养。数字探究学习环境为科学探究活动的开展提供了便捷的方式,学习者可以方便的获取科学知识,并利用数字模拟的科学探究实验,深入理解科学现象和概念,更好地掌握科学规律。本文以WISE数字探究学习环境为例,在介绍如何利用WISE数字探究课程开展科学教与学的基础上,探讨了利用数字探究学习环境开展科学教育的方法和特征。     

关注理解性学习——来自学习科学对学习过程研究的启示

理解性学习是学习者运用原有的知识,在新的情境下进行个体心智运作和社会文化中介的交互的意义建构,并不断获得理解的探索和发展过程。本文根据学习科学对学习过程的研究,提出一些如何关注理解性学习的参考建议。     

关注理解性学习——来自学习科学对学习过程研究的启示

理解性学习是学习者运用原有的知识,在新的情境下进行个体心智运作和社会文化中介的交互的意义建构,并不断获得理解的探索和发展过程。本文根据学习科学对学习过程的研究,提出一些如何关注理解性学习的参考建议。     

基于非正式学习的科学教育网站设计框架研究

互联网络是科学教育与传播、提高公民科学素质的重要平台之一,但是目前科学教育网站却缺乏教学设计。本文以科学教育的基本目标以及非正式学习的特点为基础,提出了基于非正式学习的科学教育网站的设计框架。该框架以培养公民具有处理实际问题、参与公共事务能力为总目标,以了解科学知识、掌握科学方法、树立科学思想和精神为子目标,提出了针对不同目标的网站设计原则,包括趣味性、个性化、自组织、交流性、情境性、参与性、反恩性原则,并根据各个原则阐述了网站的相关特性设计。     

理解视野中科学与教育论

就解释学来说 ,“理解”意味着意义的自我揭示与价值的生成。科学并非只能“说明”,同样需要“理解”。理解科学已逐渐成为当代科学教育的新取向 ,从意义生成的角度而言 ,科学教育应回归“生活世界”。     

如何设计科学、有效、有趣的教育游戏 ——学习科学跨学科视角下的数学游戏设计研究

近年来,教育技术的发展为创新学习方式带来了前所未有的机遇.针对游戏化学习研究领域的核心问题——如何设计科学、有效、有趣的教育游戏,以学习科学的跨学科为视角设计了数学游戏《分数跑跑跑》.在认知内容设计方面,依据认知神经科学、教育学、心理学等领域的相关研究成果展开设计,为学习者提供科学的认知支持;同时以实践需求作为设计导向,确保游戏使用的有效性.在保障科学性和有效性的基础上,借助游戏元素充分调动学习者情绪动机状态.经检验,《分数跑跑跑》能够显著提高小学四年级学生的分数概念性知识水平.     

谈“理解科学”在科学教育中的蕴意

为理解而教几乎已成为当今教育界的共识。科学教育的理念也从掌握科学演进为理解科学。理解科学,包含了对科学知识的理解,对科学过程和方法的理解和对科学、技术、社会的理解。理解既是科学教育的目的,也是其过程。这不仅有助于提高科学素养,而且有助于弘扬人文精神和提高审美能力。     

走向统合的学习科学与教学设计

近十年来,对教育技术的研究出现了类似斯诺所说的"两种文化"分立现象。新兴的学习科学与传统的教学设计学科在对技术与学习的研究上拥有诸多共同的研究旨趣和内容,但两研究共同体却在过去的十年中各自秉持自己的研究领域,很少共享观念而互不知彼此。这种研究分立影响着双方在学习与技术问题上的研究和理解。鉴于此,两共同体的先驱者开始跨越藩篱,走向一条统合之路。本文翔实分析了学习科学与教学设计研究之异同、造成分立研究之原由以及方法论上的统合之桥梁。正如这些先驱者们所期望的那样,两领域需要更多了解,更多互惠合作,这对于学习科学与教学设计领域在统合中求得发展与创新是极为重要的。     

教育技术研究中的设计科学——基于设计的研究

基于设计的研究作为教育技术研究中的设计科学,它很好的结合了设计和研究,很好的兼顾了技术和理论,在国际教育研究领域具有广泛的应用前景。文章从设计科学的发展历史出发,论述了基于设计的研究的内涵、其设计科学特征、实施的一般步骤以及与教育技术传统研究方法的区别,并在此基础上指出了这种新兴的研究方法论对我国教育技术研究的借鉴意义。     

Using the Internet to Enhance Student Understanding of Science: The Knowledge Integration Environment

We have developed the Knowledge Integration Environment (KIE) to promote lifelong learning. We believe that science courses can promote lifelong learning by offering students science models that apply to problems they encounter in their everyday lives and by engaging students in personally relevant science projects where they connect science models to typical science resources such as those found on the Internet. Our instructional framework, Scaffolded Knowledge Integration (SKI), guides the design of the Knowledge Integration Environment. In this paper we describe the Knowledge Integration Environment and report results of “design experiments” carried out to guide improvement of Knowledge Integration Environment instruction as well as to help us improve our understanding of lifelong learning.     

Computer Technology,Science Education,and Students with Learning Disabilities

The ways computer technology could be used to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD) are explored. Science is for all students and that includes students with LD. Learning science has both cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. In this context, computer technology provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery; developing expert tutors; anchoring instruction; integrating science with other subjects; reducing cognitive load on working memory; and motivating students to stay on task. These applications are discussed with implications for teaching science to students with LD.     

试论大学人文教育与科技教育及二者相融的途径

大学是高素质人才培养和科学研究的基地.人文教育和科技教育是当代教育的主题,发展人文教育与科技教育,强调二者的相融,可以激励大学生追求人文精神,追求科学真理,提高大学生的人文素质、科技素质,促进人的全面发展;也可以引导、促进人类社会的和谐持续发展,提高科学技术水平,促进经济繁荣和国家振兴强大.     

Understanding How the Arts Can Enhance Learning

Understanding how the arts can enhance learning has long been discussed and debated among educators, students, parents, artists, art historians, and philosophers. Many anecdotal examples reference the value and benefits of the arts in a range of fields and learning domains. Emerging methodologies in the brain sciences have added new perspectives and research‐based approaches to better understand the role the arts might play in learning. Psychologists, cognitive scientists, and now neuroscientists are approaching this topic by exploring memory, sensory systems, and other biological measures. The interdisciplinary and potentially interdependence of these fields to work together to identify the neurological mechanisms involved in the arts may offer educators, parents, and child care providers with important information about how we learning takes place. By bringing together uncommon and divergent thinking from a wide range of disciplines, there is an opportunity to change the way we teach, parent, and serve children using the arts to help enhance learning. This issue of Mind, Brain, and Education celebrates the range of approaches that are emerging to shed light and insight in this field.     

Education, Learning and Understanding: the process and the product

ABSTRACT Recent educational theorising about the nature of teaching, learning and assessment has made much of a distinction between processes and products and of so-called process models of education und curriculum. Following on from reflections on the historical provenance and subsequent evolution of process talk in psychology and the philosophy of mind it is argued in this article that such talk can only import serious conceptual confusion and ambiguity into our attempts to understand clearly and adequately the business of human learning. In the light of this it would be altogether better for us to expunge the language of process from the discourse of education.     

Collaborative Action Research on Technology Integration for Science Learning

This paper briefly reports the outcomes of an action research inquiry on the use of blogs, MS PowerPoint [PPT], and the Internet as learning tools with a science class of sixth graders for project-based learning. Multiple sources of data were essential to triangulate the key findings articulated in this paper. Corresponding to previous studies, the incorporation of technology and project-based learning could motivate students in self-directed exploration. The students were excited about the autonomy over what to learn and the use of PPT to express what they learned. Differing from previous studies, the findings pointed to the lack information literacy among students. The students lacked information evaluation skills, note-taking and information synthesis. All these findings imply the importance of teaching students about information literacy and visual literacy when introducing information technology into the classroom. The authors suggest that further research should focus on how to break the culture of “copy-and-paste” by teaching the skills of note-taking and synthesis through inquiry projects for science learning. Also, further research on teacher professional development should focus on using collaboration action research as a framework for re-designing graduate courses for science teachers in order to enhance classroom technology integration.     

人文教育、科学教育的整合与人的全面发展

以人的全面发展思想为指导，树立以学生为本的教育理念，精心策划、积极运作“两种教育”的整合，促进和推动人的全面发展；随着社会的发展、变革以及人的全面发展提出的新的更高的要求，还要不断更新和完善“两种教育”的整合，更好地发挥高等教育的功能和作用。     

深度学习:学习科学视阈下的最优整合

为超越认知心理学的局限,深度学习研究从狭义走向广义成为必然.复杂科学为广义深度学习研究提供了全新视角,学习科学为学习系统简化提供了合理依据,以此可重新审视深度学习的缘起、内涵、机制及过程.研究结合人工智能历史演变,指出深度学习缘起于认知心理学的重塑、课程与教学论的变革以及教育技术学的突破;基于对既有内涵的梳理,认为深度学习是学习科学视阈下对信息深度加工过程、教师深度引导过程、技术深度支持过程三者的最优整合;依托影响因素分析,点明深度学习的发生机制以知识内容为客观载体、以真实情境为客观条件、以心理机能为主观意识;从纵向优化和横向整合两个方面建立了深度学习的一般过程模型,其间三个"深度过程"和"三维机制"不断趋于最优整合,共同促进学习者深度学习.