Perception of kinetic illusory contours by two-month-old infants

Perception of kinetic illusory contours by 2-month-old infants was explored with sparse random-dot displays depicting an illusory shape against a background. In Experiment 1, 24 infants were habituated to a shape specified by accretion and deletion of background texture and relative motion, and exhibited a novelty preference when presented with luminance-defined familiar and novel shapes. Subsequent experiments explored kinetic cues in isolation. In Experiment 2 (n = 24), relative motion information was removed, leaving accretion and deletion of texture and luminance cues, and in Experiment 3 (n = 24), only relative motion information was available. In both these experiments the novelty preference obtained in Experiment 1 was replicated. Results from a control condition (n = 12) mitigated against the likelihood of an inherent preference for either of the test shapes. These findings reveal an early capacity to perceive shape solely from kinetic information, and suggest a mechanism geared toward spatiotemporal boundary formation that is functional shortly after birth. Theories of development of edge and motion discrimination are discussed.     

The impact of temporally patterned stimulation on the development of preterm infants

To test the efficacy of temporally patterned kinesthetic and auditory stimulation for promoting development of infants born prior to term, 88 preterm infants, below 35 weeks gestation, were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental or control groups. Control subjects received regular hospital care; fixed interval subjects received 15 min of rocking/heartbeat stimulation each hour; self-activating subjects received 15 min rocking/heartbeat when inactive for 90 sec, but only for 1 stimulation period per hour. Assessments included measures of neurological functioning, sleep-wake activity, mother-infant interaction, and mental and motor development at 8 and 24 months. All experimental infants, compared to controls, showed decreased rates of activity while in the hospital, fewer abnormal reflexes, and better orienting responses. At 24 months, experimental infants scored significantly higher on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales. Few differences were found in parent-infant interaction patterns. The results indicate that both temporal patterning and contingent responsiveness in the preterm infant's early environment contribute positively to some aspects of the development of such infants.     

The influence of professional development in gifted education on the frequency of instructional practices

Gifted education teacher training, licensure, certification, and degrees are ubiquitous in the Australia and abroad, and yet whether or not such training results in changes to classroom instructional practices remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to better understand the relationship between professional development in gifted education and the practices used by educators in the classroom. Two hundred and seventy-nine respondents who had completed one of three levels of teacher professional development completed the Classroom Practice Survey (Revised). The preregistered prediction for this study, that higher levels of professional development would result in higher levels of self-reported teacher practices, was not supported by the data, thereby drawing attention to the need for more research in this area and potential revisions to gifted education teacher professional development opportunities.     

Target localization based on joint measurement of amplitude and frequency in a LOFAR field简

To estimate the motion parameters of a moving target before its passing by the closest point of approach （CPA） point in a low frequency analyzing and recording （LOFAR） field, an error-free theoretical method based on the joint measurement of target radiated noise＇s amplitude and frequency was presented. First, the error-free theoretical equations for target characteristic frequency, absolute velocity, the CPA, and amplitude of the radiation noise were derived by three equal interval measured values of the target amplitude and frequency. Then, the method to improve the calculation accuracy was given. Finally, the simulation and experiments were conducted in the air and showed the correctness of this method. By using one single piece of LOFAR, this method can calculate four target parameters and the relative error of each estimated parameter is less than 10%.     

浅探穆王西游活动及其影响

《穆天子传》自出土以来,便引起学者专家的争论。焦点主要是对穆王西征地理位置的考证与辨析,却对穆王西游途中的活动及其影响少有涉及,而穆王西游途中所进行的活动恰是这一时期中西交流的重要内容。这也是当时中原人民与西域人民往来交流活动的曲折反映,促进了彼此间的经济文化的交流与发展。     

父母情绪管理对婴幼儿社会性发展水平的影响与指导

本文在对父母情绪管理对婴幼儿的社会性发展造成的影响进行分析的基础上,提出了促进父母有效管理情绪的策略。     

关于婴幼儿体育锻炼与智力开发的探究

谈到体质,我们很自然的就会把它与体育锻炼联系在一起。运动生理学研究说明,经常参加体育活动可以促进机体各部分和各个系统的发育。本文深入分析了婴幼儿体育锻炼的内容与方法,体育锻炼与智力开发的关系和影响以及体育锻炼应注意的事项等问题。     

Noncontingent stimulation, stimulus familiarization, and subsequent learning in young infants

2 experiments assessed the effects of prior noncontingent or familiarization experience on subsequent operant conditioning (kick-produced mobile movement) in young infants. In Experiment 1, infants received either long- or short-term noncontingent exposure to their own rotating mobile or simply viewed this mobile for several days while it remained motionless. In Experiment 2, long-term exposure was provided by the same novel mobile used for subsequent training. In both experiments, prior noncontingent experience did not interfere with subsequent conditioning. In Experiment 2, however, simple long-term familiarization with the training mobile precluded "evidence" of learning. The results indicated that infants develop expectancies regarding how stimuli occurring in particular contexts should behave based on their prior experiences with these stimuli.     

论自动控制系统开环幅相频率特性曲线的完整画法

在理论上和实践上推导含有不稳定环节时开环频率特性曲线的完整画法,以便应用奈氏判据全面地判断闭环系统的稳定性。     

元素电负性的影响因素分析

在多原子分子中,元素的电负性受所连原子(或基团)、原子的杂化方式及氧化态等因素的影响。     

交流频率对交流电桥法测定电解质溶液电导率的影响

采用交流阻抗法测定了部分电解质溶液的复阻抗特性,结果表明,常规交流电桥法所采用的1~4kHz测试频率,较好地测定电解质溶液的真实电阻,并能有效地避免高频下电感的可能影响。     

关于负频率的探讨

文章对负频率的存在性、负频率的物理意义、负频率的工程应用进行了探讨,并且说明了负频率具有明确的物理意义和重要的工程应用价值.     

困惑与超越--幼儿创新教育的质疑与辨析

通过对幼儿创新教育概念的认识，目标的定位，理论基础的探讨和实践的摸索，我国幼儿创新教育的研究取得了可喜的进展。但是，一些认识上的问题总是困扰着幼儿创新教育的研究和实践，只有对这些问题进行深入、科学的分析，澄清错误的观念，才能将幼儿创新教育引向深入。本文将就困扰幼儿创新教育发展的几个主要认识问题谈谈自己的看法。问题之一：幼儿创新教育是赶时髦吗？目前，仍有人认为，幼儿创新教育是在赶时髦。什么是赶时髦呢？所谓赶时髦主要是指简单地模仿，盲目地跟风走，随潮流而动，很少考虑自己的选择是否科学。赶时髦的东西是…