试论以人为本的高校思政工作互动机制

高校思政教育的工作核心是引导即将毕业的大学生既要树立正确的价值观,以在职场上获得成功,更要树立正确的人生观和世界观,以在今后的人生轨迹上寻找到自己最恰当的坐标。而面对复杂多变的社会形势,当代大学生应该学会如何取舍是最为关键,本文就结合实际情况从以人为本的角度对高校思政工作互动机制进行解析。     

Worked example effects in individual and group work settings

This study compared the effects of worked example and problem‐solving approaches in individual or group work settings on learning to solve geometry problems. One hundred and one seventh graders from Indonesia were randomly allocated to four experimental groups using a 2 (problem‐solving vs. worked examples) × 2 (individual vs. group study) design. Performance measures on numeric and reasoning abilities using both similar and transfer tasks were collected. The results indicated a significant superiority of the worked example approach in both the individual and group work settings. Supporting data revealed that students could understand the material more easily using worked examples than when solving problems. The experiment provided evidence that the advantage of using worked examples over solving problems extends to a group work context.     

An analysis of predictors of instruction work effort

Various measures are presently utilized for the purposes of determining faculty teaching effort and assigning teaching loads. This study investigates how well the predictor variables of credit hours, student credit hours, contact hours, and student contact hours correlate with faculty self-report measures of time-use for each class taught. Additionally, the question of differences among measures of faculty work effort per class when faculty are classified by academic rank was investigated. The findings of this study indicate that of the commonly used measures of total faculty effort for a class only contact hours are a reliable measure, and neither the level of instruction nor the academic rank of the teacher have much to do with the faculty member's effort as measured in time for a class.     

高校辅导员思政工作与心理辅导

在讨论思想政治工作与心理辅导的区别与联系的基础上 ,分析辅导员在实际工作中所产生的思想政治工作者角色与心理辅导角色的冲突以及如何减少冲突、协调发展的问题。     

人职匹配理论在高校就业指导工作中的应用

高校就业指导工作可以运用人职匹配理论,引导大学毕业生了解自己、了解工作,帮助大学生正确选择适合自己发展的职业,从而缓解大学生的就业压力,使人力资源得到合理配置。     

Relationship between the work of teachers in nonformal settings and in schools

Formal and nonformal education differ more in strategies and administration than in content. This however is not to say that there are not some important distinctions in the nature of content of what is usually done under formal education especially when we are dealing with particular professions and vocations. Recent efforts to integrate formal and nonformal education especially since publication of the report of the International Commission on the Development of Education have highlighted certain challenges in defining the role of the teacher especially in the nonformal sector and in the operation of an integrated system. Examples of efforts at integration may be found in the community schools in many Eastern African countries, the mosque schools or maktabs in Pakistan, the N.A.E.P. in India, the Vocational Skills Improvement unit in Nigeria and the various extramural and extension programmes of tertiary institutions. Among the major implications for a new orientation of teachers are (1) the issue of mobility of individuals between the formal and nonformal systems, (2) the issue of integrating the administration of formal and nonformal education, (3) the issue of appropriate strategies for teacher training and (4) the issue of creating new cadres of teachers besides those currently trained in conventional teachers' colleges. Among the embedded challenges is that of evolving new assessment procedures and establishment of equivalences between practical experience and formal academic instruction. The educational system as a whole still has a considerable way to go in meeting these challenges.

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Zusammenfassung Formale und nicht-formale Erziehung unterscheiden sich mehr durch die Strategien und die Verwaltung als im Inhalt. Dies will jedoch nicht heißen, daß es nicht inhaltlich unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte gibt, wie es normalerweise in der formalen Erziehung besonders dann der Fall ist, wenn es sich um spezielle Berufssparten und Erwerbszweige handelt. In letzter Zeit haben Bemühungen um eine Integration formaler und nicht-formaler Erziehung besonders seit dem Bericht der Internationalen Kommission zur Entwicklung der Erziehung (Faureet al., 1972) bestimmte Herausforderungen bei der Definition der Rolle des Lehrers betont. Dies gilt speziell für den nicht-formalen Bereich und die Handhabung eines integrierten Systems. Als Beispiele solcher Bemühungen um Integration ließen sich dieCommunity Schools in zahlreichen ostafrikanischen Ländern, die Moscheeschulen oder Maktabs in Pakistan, die NAEP (Nationale Erwachsenenbildungsprogramme) in Indien, dieVocational Skills Improvement Unit (Abteilung zur Verbesserung beruflicher Fertigkeiten) in Nigeria und verschiedene außerschulische und Erweiterungsprogramme der tertiären Einrichtungen anführen. Zu den hauptsächlichen Folgen für eine Neuorientierung der Lehrer gehören die Fragen 1) der individuellen Beweglichkeit zwischen formalen und nicht-formalen Systemen, 2) der Integration der Verwaltung formaler und nicht-formaler Erziehung, 3) geeigneter Strategien für die Lehrerausbildung, und 4) der Schaffung neuer Lehrerkadern zusätzlich zu den zur Zeit in konventionellen Lehrerausbildungsanstalten ausgebildeten. Zu den inhärenten Herausforderungen gehört es, daß neue Bewertungsverfahren Äquivalenzen zwischen praktischer Erfahrung und formaler akademischer Lehre entwickeln. Das Erziehungswesen als Ganzes hat noch einen weiten Weg zu gehen, bevor es diesen Herausforderungen gerecht werden kann.

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Résumé Les systèmes d'éducation formelle et non-formelle diffèrent davantage par leurs stratégies et leur administration que par leur contenu. Cependant, cela ne signifie pas qu'il n'y ait pas de distinctions importantes dans la nature du contenu de ce qui est habituellement enseigné dans le cadre de l'éducation formelle, notamment lorsque nous abordons quelques professions et métiers particuliers. Les efforts qui ont été entrepris récemment en vue d'une intégration de l'éducation formelle et non-formelle, en particulier depuis la publication du rapport de la Commission Internationale sur le Développement de l'Education (Faureet al., 1972), ont mis en lumière les obstacles rencontrés lors de la définition du rôle de l'enseignant, en particulier celui chargé du secteur non-formel, et de l'application d'un système intégré. Les écoles communautaires de nombreux pays d'Afrique orientale, les écoles des mosquées ou maktabs au Pakistan, le NAEP en Inde, l'Unité de Perfectionnement des Compétences Professionnelles au Nigéria et les nombreux programmes extramuraux et d'extension des institutions tertiaires offrent divers exemples d'efforts déployés au niveau de l'intégration. Une nouvelle orientation des enseignants implique en particulier (1) la question de la mobilité des individus entre les systèmes formel et non-formel, (2) celle de l'intégration de l'administration de l'éducation formelle et non-formelle, (3) le problème des stratégies appropriées pour la formation des enseignants et (4) la question relative à la création de nouveaux cadres scolaires en sus des enseignants formés actuellement par les écoles normales conventionnelles. Ces défis posés incluent également celui relatif au développement de nouvelles procédures d'évaluation et à l'établissement d'un système d'équivalences entre l'expérience pratique et l'instruction scolaire formelle. Le système d'éducation dans son ensemble devra parcourir un long chemin avant de pouvoir relever ces nombreux défis.

     

高校职业指导工作存在的问题与对策

本文通过对高校职业指导工作存在问题的分析,提出了职业指导改革的几点具体措施,旨在完善高校的职业指导体系,加强职业指导对学生帮助,使职业指导得到一个较为良好的结果。     

The technological gender gap: Evidence and recommendations for educators and computer-based instruction designers

The term technological gender gap refers to the idea that males and females have different technology-related attitudes, behaviors, and skills. This article reviews the mounting evidence documenting the existence of a gender gap, which, if ignored, could render large numbers of female students unprepared to meet the technological challenges of the future. Recommendations for ameliorating the technological gender gap are presented for educators and computer-based instruction (CBI) designers who are interested in providing equitable educational opportunities for male and female students.     

Children,families and inter‐agency work: experiences of partnership work in primary education settings

Despite UK government initiatives intended to address social exclusion, those with poor access to social and economic resources continue to experience unresponsive services. In these circumstances, small inter‐agency projects may offer accessible alternatives. This article explores the implementation of inter‐agency work at a local level, focusing on implications for families involved. It draws on a study of a Health Action Zone (HAZ) initiated project, working in primary schools in a deprived urban area, with children at risk of school exclusion. It examines children's and parents' experiences of the project, locating these within current social policy and social justice debates. While positive outcomes are evident, the article also highlights difficulties in inter‐agency collaboration, which potentially undermine support available to families and maintain pessimism about future improvements. By focusing remedies at the level of individual intervention, such initiatives may also neglect structural and organisational factors contributing to families' difficulties.     

社会工作方法在大学生就业指导中的应用初探——以团体工作的方法应用为例

在当前严峻的就业形势下,我们除了积极开拓就业市场,也应积极引入新的理念对毕业生加强就业指导。社会工作方法的引入以及团体工作在实务层面上的运用,将有可能以一种新的理念和方式推动和促进当前就业指导工作的创新变革。     

网络环境下高职院校思政工作对策分析

认真研究研究网络环境下高职院校思想政治工作的特点,努力寻找更为有效的教育对策,确保思想政治工作能够做到不断创新,与时俱进,不断提高工作效率,促进学生健康成长。     

A social cognitive perspective on well-being in educational and work settings: Cross-cultural considerations

The article gives an overview of a social cognitive perspective on psychosocial well-being and adjustment (Lent, 2004), along with a model of educational and work-related satisfaction (Lent &; Brown, 2006) that has been derived from it. The theoretical perspective integrates cognitive, behavioural, social, and personality variables hypothesized to jointly promote positive adjustment, both generally and within particular life domains, such as work and school. We also review initial findings testing these social cognitive models and consider their implications for cross-cultural practice and research.     

On the nature of teaching nature of science: Preservice early childhood teachers' instruction in preschool and elementary settings

This study explored whether early childhood preservice teachers' concerns about teaching nature of science (NOS) and their intellectual levels influenced whether and how they taught NOS at the preschool and primary (K‐3) levels. We used videotaped classroom observations and lesson plans to determine the science instructional practices at the preschool and primary levels, and to track whether and how preservice teachers emphasized NOS. We used the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SOCQ) pre‐ and postinternship to determine concerns about NOS instruction, and the Learning Context Questionnaire (LCQ) to determine intellectual levels. We found that neither concerns about teaching NOS nor intellectual level were related to whether and how the preservice teachers emphasized NOS; however, we found that all preservice early childhood teachers began their internships with NOS concern profiles of “worried.” Two preservice teachers' NOS concerns profiles changed as a result of their internships; one to “cooperator” and one to “cooperator/improver.” These two preservice teachers had cooperating teachers who were aware of NOS and implemented it in their own science instruction. The main factors that hindered or facilitated teaching NOS for these preservice teachers were the influence of the cooperating teacher and the use of the science curriculum. The preservice teacher with the cooperating teacher who understood and emphasized NOS herself and showed her how to modify the curriculum to include NOS, was able to explicitly teach NOS to her students. Those in classrooms whose cooperating teachers did not provide support for NOS instruction were unable to emphasize NOS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:213–233, 2010     

From exclusion to inclusion: Collaborative work contributions to more inclusive learning settings

There have been deep changes in societies during the last decade. As a result, schools face new challenges, such as avoiding exclusion by promoting inclusion. In this paper we present the findings of our efforts to use collaborative work as a mediation tool in order to achieve more inclusive learning settings. This work starts from the assumption that learning should be seen as a communicative process. This builds on the ideas of Vygotsky, who stressed the importance of social interactions in the development of complex functions and of working in the zone of proximal development in order to promote children’s development. The study used a critical and ethnographic approach and thus peer interactions were implemented as a daily practice. Data were collected through participant observation (audio and videotaped), questionnaires, tasks inspired in projective techniques, interviews, reports, and sets of materials gathered by the teachers. The findings illuminate the role of collaboration in facilitating more positive attitudes towards academic learning and mathematics, promoting students’ socialisation, their socio-cognitive and affective development, and their school achievement.     

The relationship between the work of teachers in nonformal settings and in school: A Malaysian viewpoint

Conclusion The teacher's role and his involvement in the activities of the community are unrecorded, undocumented, and often unrecognized. However, the teacher plays a very important role in the development of various sectors of the community. The importance of teacher participation is ironically felt when he is absent from, and consequently does not perform his informal functions within the community. This was seen during the early phase of land development schemes, when teachers chose to stay away from the community, and would commute daily to the school. It is because of this that the Ministry of Education now includes the building of teachers' quarters within the compounds of schools to ensure that the teachers stay within the communities they serve.The implementation of the new curriculum programmes requires additional, direct contributions by the teachers. It is time that the community recognized the important contributions expected from, and delivered by the teacher towards the growth and development of not only the child, and the school, but also of the community.     

以改革作业为切入口以强化监控为保障全面提高教学质量

学生课业负担过重,影响教学质量的全面提高.优化作业设计是"减负提质"的途径,强化监控是"减负提质"的保证.     

自然环境和课堂环境中的语言输入和交流

本文对自然环境和课堂环境中的语言输入和交流分别进行了讨论。通过对这两种不同环境中的语言输入和交流的分析、比较,作者指出为了提高学生的二语习得和应用能力,在二语课堂中营造自然环境中语言交流的氛围是很有必要的。