创造良好的英语课堂群体心理气氛

积极和谐的英语课堂学生群体心理气氛是师生、生生互动的前提条件。英语教师应该坚持民主的英语课堂教学,建立合理的英语课堂教学组织制度,使学生遵从英语课堂教学组织制度等策略改变班级不良心理气氛,创造和培养良好的、积极的学生群体心理气氛,使学生在良好的、积极的群体心理气氛里,轻松、自如地进行各种各样的语言交际活动,发挥他们的潜能,以达到提高语言交际能力的最终目的。     

思想政治课教学中不应该回避学生的问题

思想政治课教学的成效对中国社会的健康运行、经济的持久增长和社会的和谐发展有着十分重要的意义。尽管我国近年对思想政治课程的改进取得了一些成效,但在教学中学生学习的积极性仍然不高,相当多的学生仍然是抱着应付、无奈的心理来上课。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的,而其中很重要的一个原因是一些教师仍然固守陈旧的教育观念、固执地用学生厌倦的教学模式和学生痛恨的僵化呆板的机械说教来教育学生。在课堂上无视学生的提问或采用不恰当的方式敷衍、应付学生的做法到处可见,这不但无助于学生的知识提升,思维进步,还影响了学生信仰的形成与人格塑造,也使这门课程设置缺乏实效。本文对思想政治课教学中教师不能正视学生问题的后果进行了分析,并提出了解决的思路与方法,旨在帮助思想政治课教师摆正心态,改变观念,改进教法,增强思想政治课的科学性、针对性,最终提高思想政治教学的实效性。     

Student participation in whole-class discourse: individual conditions and consequences for student learning in primary and secondary school

Students’ participation in whole-class discourse is an important feature of classroom learning. Within socio-cultural research, two explanations for this connection can be emphasised: students’ engagement and teacher-student verbal interaction. We suggest a video-based coding scheme that can be specifically connected with each theoretical strand by distinguishing between student-guided and teacher-guided participation. The aim is to explore the conditions (student characteristics) and consequences (student learning) of both types of classroom participation. The results of two video studies with standardised pre- and post-assessments – one in secondary school mathematics (932 students, 40 classes) and one in primary school science (681 students, 35 classes) – emphasise both the relevance of students’ prior knowledge for participation in whole-class discourse and the role of student-guided participation in learning.     

论第二课堂活动与大学生创新能力培养

大学生的创新能力是个体内在潜能的自由迸发。当前,教育现实中存在着许多不利于大学生创新能力生成的因素,在这些因素还不能够被有效地克服之时,充分发挥大学第二课堂活动的育人功能是非常重要的。     

Helping students turn up for class: Does personality moderate the effectiveness of an implementation intention intervention?

Class attendance is an important determinant of academic success yet a significant proportion of students miss class. The present study investigated the deliberative and personality correlates of class attendance alongside an implementation intention intervention that asked students to specify when, where, and how they would attend class. Class attendance was found to be a function of conscientiousness (more conscientious students were more likely to attend), openness to experience (more open students were less likely to attend), goal intentions (more motivated students were more likely to attend), and the implementation intention intervention (students who formed specific plans about when, where, and how to attend were more likely to attend). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the implementation intention intervention and conscientiousness; the intervention had a greater impact on class attendance for low or moderately conscientious students than for highly conscientious students.     

高三生物总复习课堂教学创新初探

高三生物总复习课堂教学低效问题时常出现,如何创新复习课堂教学值得研究．高三生物总复习通过开展研究性和归纳性创新教学有利于引导学生的发散思维,整合已学过的知识,实现系统化和再认识,对解决复习课教学过程的低效问题,提高复习效率能起促进作用．     

Separating arguments from conclusions: the mistaken role of effect size in educational policy research

ABSTRACT

Effect size is the basis of much evidence-based education policymaking. In particular, it is assumed to measure the educational effectiveness of interventions. Policy is being driven by the influential work of John Hattie, the Education Endowment Foundation, and others, which is grounded in this assumption. This article demonstrates the assumption is false and notes that, when criticized, proponents either attempt to inoculate themselves by listing (without checking) assumptions or use the specious reasoning that, however flawed their argument, no-one has disproved their conclusions.     

Student knowledgeability,student sex,class size,and class level: Their interactions and influences on student ratings of instruction

Student knowledgeability, class size, and class level were found to significantly influence students' ratings of instruction. In general, the more knowledgeable the student in an area, the higher his ratings of courses and instructors in that area. Also, large courses and advanced courses were most highly rated by students. The effect of student sex on student ratings of instruction varied as a function of the particular aspect of instruction being evaluated. Significant interactions among the four main effects were also found across the judgmental dimensions students utilized in evaluating instruction, as assessed by factor analysis. Student knowledgeability and class size were found to be the main predictors of student ratings on these dimensions.     

To attend or not to attend? Why some students chose school and others reject it

This article considers the issues of attendance and non‐attendance, the latter of which has been recently linked with ‘behaviour’ in a range of policy initiatives in England. John Dwyfor Davies and John Lee review some of the existing material on non‐attendance and then draw on data they have collected in one large English city. The authors summarise their discussions with 13 non‐attending young people and some of their parents, as well as conversations with 35 students who have a satisfactory attendance record, together with a perspective from educational professionals. The authors address the issue of why certain students, who apparently will gain little from school, in terms of certification, continue to attend school. They argue that ignoring the reasons why such students actually attend school is a major oversight in current research.     

公共政策制定过程中公众参与的实践与反思-基于《广州市流动商贩管理暂行办法》制定的实证分析

公共政策制定的公众参与机制,是实现公共政策公共性和科学性的重要保证。《广州市流动商贩管理暂行办法》制定过程中,通过市民问计会、专家咨询以及意见征询等形式,构筑政府与公众之间平等的对话平台,初步建立了政府与公众互动的政策制定模式。但其公众参与仍停留在“政府主导的有限参与”阶段,参与的广度、深度和效能都有待提高。公众参与效能的提升既取决于公民的参与意愿和能力,也有赖于政府制度的供给和积极的回应。     

高校艺术生形势与政策课探析

"形势与政策"课程教育对高校艺术生的启发作用是其它课程不可替代的。目前,形势与政策课程,存在学校不够重视;教师素质参差不齐,构成人员复杂;学生学习意识薄弱等诸多问题。因此,学校应该规范教学管理;提高教师素质;学生增强学习意识,从而实现这门课程的教学目标。     

小组合作教学模式在传媒艺术类大学英语课堂教学中的使用研究

为改变传媒艺术类院校中大学英语课堂"满堂灌"的教学形式,本文在建构主义理论的指导下进行教学设计,提出用小组合作的模式开展教学,并进行了一学期的实验。实验结果经SPSS 11.5运行验证,证明小组合作的教学模式现实可行,在整体效果上优于传统模式。     

How secondary-school students deal with issues of sustainable development in class*

Abstract

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is intended to enable individuals to shape a fair and sustainable society. Implemented at schools, ESD addresses specific topics, e.g. globalization or pollutants in clothing. This study investigates what challenges are connected with such issues in class and how students deal with issues of sustainable development at German secondary schools. Several teaching units in different subjects and schools were video- and audiotaped. The empirical material was analysed using the Documentary Method (a qualitative reconstructive approach) to describe students’ competences that emerged within different pedagogical arrangements. We identified three key competences that provide important skills for handling issues in ESD that deal (1) with the state of not knowing, (2) with perspectivity, and (3) with calls to action.     

Princesses are bigger than elephants: Effect size as a category error in evidence‐based education

Much of the evidential basis for recent policy decisions is grounded in effect size: the standardised mean difference in outcome scores between a study's intervention and comparison groups. This is interpreted as measuring educational influence, importance or effectiveness of the intervention. This article shows this is a category error at two levels. At the individual study level, the intervention plays only a partial role in effect size, so treating effect size as a measure of the intervention is a mistake. At the meta‐analytic level, the assumptions needed for a valid comparison of the relative effectiveness of interventions on the basis of relative effect size are absurd. While effect size continues to have a role in research design, as a measure of the clarity of a study, policy makers should recognise the lack of a valid role for it in practical decision‐making.     

激发大学生英语课堂参与意识的可行之策

提高英语课堂教学质量是教学的根本,增强大学生的英语课堂参与意识是提高英语课堂质量的有效途径,文中探讨了激发大学生英语课堂参与意识的策略。     

Talking of students: Tensions and contradictions for the manager-academic and the university in contemporary higher education

The paper examines data on references tostudents made by manager-academics in 16 UKuniversities whilst giving accounts of theircareers and practices, and reflecting onaspects of the current roles and priorities ofhigher education institutions. The issuesraised are of wider interest than the UK, sincethe contradictory pressures of teaching andresearch and learning versus seeking newsources of funding are common to highereducation in many countries. The focus andmethodology of the Economic and Social ResearchCouncil funded project on which the paper isbased are outlined, before discussing how thetheoretical interests of the project relate tothe student, the ways in which the student is asignificant aspect of current higher educationpolicies, and the contested status and identityof the student in higher education discourseand research. The changing nature of thestudent population, the relationship betweenmanager-academics' concerns with the studentand their institutional context, their majorpreoccupations in their roles, and how thesepreoccupations relate to level of seniority inmanagement are also considered. We concludethat whilst current UK higher education policyemphasises the student, responses atinstitutional and individual levels focus onorganisational, resource and time implicationsof the student body, rather than the studenthim/herself. Furthermore, it is noted thatsenior manager-academics roles tend to removetheir incumbents from contact with students. It is suggested that manager-academics needboth more contact with students and moreunderstanding of their situation andconcerns.     

论我国公民政策参与体制的建设、完善和创新

在利益主体多元化的市场经济下,不断完善和创新公民政策参与体制成为社会发展的必要.在论述构建、完善和创新我国公民政策参与体制相关问题的基础上,提出相应的建议和措施.     

When the demand for educational equality stops at the border: wealthy students,international students and the restructuring of higher education in the UK

In the context of the increasing internationalisation of higher education, there is a pressing need to think through how demands for educational equality and justice, that currently tend to be framed at the national and sub-national level, should be conceptualised at a global level. This article compares two recent media and policy debates in the UK, over admitting wealthy students off-quota to university and restricting international student visas, in order to demonstrate the contradictions that are created when demands for educational equality stop at the national border. Based on a discussion of these debates, the article calls for the principle of educational equality to be extended outwards, beyond the national border, to apply to domestic and international students alike.     

Writing in policy,writing out lives

In this paper we argue that education policy on HIV and AIDS is policy about life. As such, the contexts and the realities of teachers and learners in the classroom need to be embedded in the policy. We make a case that HIV and AIDS policy needs to extend beyond the prevention mode to one that includes care and support in the policy context. Through the stories of three HIV positive teachers in Zimbabwean primary schools, we show the real people and the real bodies that inhabit the classrooms where policy seeks to find expression. In so doing we illustrate that policy on HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe is blind to the lives and contexts of teachers and learners.     

试论公共政策制定中的公众参与

我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立、社会民主的发展、全球化的国际形势等,都要求我国在公共政策制定中实现更多的公众参与.公众不仅是公共政策制定与执行的重要角色,而且也是公共政策实施的对象,在公共政策制定过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用.只有让公众积极有效的参与到公共政策的制定过程中,才能提高公共政策的质量,实现公共目标.