运用元认知理论,提高语文阅读教学效率

阅读教学效率不高 ,主要原因是理论研究重视不够。元认知理论为研究提高阅读教学效率提供了新思路。应重视阅读教学过程中元认知知识的学习、元认知过程的调节和元认知能力的培养。     

非英语专业学生语音学习中元认知理论的有效介入

元认知是调节认知过程的心理活动,其应用于教学即学习者对学习活动进行有意识的计划、控制和调节.心理自觉、策略选择以及自我评估三个元认知策略都可以有效介入到非英语专业学生语音学习的过程中,并能收到良好的学习效果.     

元认知理论对教学过程的启示

随着教育学、心理学以及认知理论的不断完善和发展,人们已经注意到了元认知在教学和学习中的重要作用。元认知是由美国儿童心理学家弗赖维尔于20世纪70年代提出的一个术语。元认知是个体对认知活动的自我意识和自我调节。简单地说,元认知是个体对自己或他人的认知的认知以及对自己认知活动的主动调节的过程;明确地说,它是认知主体对自己的心理状态、能力、任务、目标、策略等方面的认识,同时又是认知主体对自身各种认知活动的计划、监控和调节。元认知过程实际上就是指导、调节人们的认知过程,选择有效认知策略的控制执行过程。国内研究者认…     

论元认知与自主学习能力的培养

随着学习者自主的研究在应用语言学领域的逐渐深入,各种提高学习者自主学习能力的策略培训日益成为研究者兴趣之一。目前国内外已有研究结果表明元认知在各种自我学习中都起着重要作用。文章介绍了元认知与元认知策略两个概念,阐述了自主学习的重要性,并从教师的角度探讨如何增强学习者的元认知意识以培养他们的自主学习能力。     

元认知策略对大学生公共英语学习的影响

元认知是对认知的认知,即学习者以自身的认知系统为认知对象,对认知过程的自我意识、自我控制、自我评价和调节。元认知策略包括元认知知识、元认知体验、元认知监控。它直接影响着大学生在学习公共英语时对学习任务、个人能力、策略选择的认识,丰富着学习英语的认知体验和情绪体验,以正确评价学习过程和调整学习计划与方法。     

试论网络教育中学生元认知能力的培养

网络教育,作为一种教学形式,已成为当前教育的重点。元认知研究对于教育实践亦产生了重要影响。本文简要地介绍了元认知的概念、结构以及元认知的训练方法,并结合网络教育的特点,探讨在网络教育中培养学习者元认知能力的方法。     

高中生数学解题中元认知与思维定势的关系研究

一、问题的提出 弗莱维尔在《认知发展》中提出：元认知是以各种认知活动的某一方面作为其对象或对其加以调节的知识或认知活动,是“关于认知的认知”。国内研究者们认为：元认知过程是指导、调节认知过程,选择有效认知策略的控制执行过程,实质是人对认知活动的自我意识和自我控制．     

针对阅读活动的元认知研究

元认知系指关于认知的知识和对认知的调节。阅读的基本目的是理解阅读材料的意义,要达到这一目的,就必须对阅读过程进行调节与监控。本文在简要介绍元认知的基础上,着重讨论了阅读与元认知的关系、阅读活动中的元认知能力差异、以及如何在阅读教学中提高元认知能力。最后对我国的元认知研究提出一点个人建议     

阅读理解与元认知

元认知是指关于认知的知识和对认知的调节。阅读的基本目的是理解阅读材料的意义,要达到这一目的,就必须对阅读过程进行监控。这种监控包括：明确阅读的基本目的、依据阅读的任务要求调整阅读策略、识别并注意阅读材料的重要内容、监控理解活动以及觉察并应付理解的失败。指出对阅读理解中元认知的研究是有意义的,但在研究方法上还存在一些问题,应该使用多种方法进行研究。     

元认知及其培养

一、元认知的内涵　　元认知 (ｍｅｔａｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ)是现代认知心理学中一个非常重要的概念 ,1978年美国心理学家Ｆｌａｖｅｌｌ在对元认知的研究中首先提出了这一概念。近一二十年来许多心理学家在这一领域进行了大量的研究。这一概念已被越来越多的人所接受和重视。至今元认知尚无一公认的定义。 1978年Ｆｌａｖｅｌｌ给元认知的定义是 :一个人所具有的关于自己思维活动和学习活动的知识及其实施的控制 ,是任何调节认知过程的认知活动 ,即是任何以认知过程与结果为对象的知识。也就是说元认知是主体对自身心理状态、能力、任务、目…     

Self-confidence and metacognitive processes

This paper examines the nature of the Self-confidence factor. In particular, we study the relationship between this factor and cognitive, metacognitive, and personality measures. Participants (N = 296) were administered a battery of seven cognitive tests that assess three constructs: accuracy, speed, and confidence. Participants were also given the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI, Schraw, G., and Dennison, R.S. (1994). Assessing metacognitive awareness. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 460–475.), a personality measure of the Big Five factors and our own Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory (MARCI). Results indicate the presence of separate Self-confidence and Metacognitive processes factors, and a moderate correlation (.41) between them. The Self-confidence factor taps not only processes linked to performance on items that have correct answers, but also sureness level in beliefs about events that may never occur. A hierarchical multiple regression showed that the Self-confidence factor was predicted by accuracy of performance, Metacognitive Awareness Questionnaire, and beliefs of competence in reasoning ability.     

高职英语课内元认知策略训练

首先讨论了元认知策略训练的意义和方法,然后是元认知策略在宁夏职业技术学院课堂上的具体训练过程。最后描述了两个元认知策略训练的课堂观察案例。结果表明:元认知策略训练在高职英语课内的自主学习中起着举足轻重的作用。     

Correlates of metacognitive control in 10-year old children and adults

Metacognitive control is an important factor for successful learning and has been shown to increase across childhood and adolescence. Only few studies have attempted to investigate the cognitive processes and psychological mechanisms that subserve metacognitively-based control and the development thereof. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to gain an insight into the cognitive and psychological correlates that relate to metacognitively-based control processes. Specifically, we were interested in two measures of metacognitive control: learners’ ability to self-regulate their study time in a study time allocation paradigm, as well as the efficiency with which they allocated their study time. It was of particular interest to explore the relation between declarative metamemory and procedural metacognitive skills. In addition, we assessed learners’ general cognitive and executive abilities. We tested a group of 10-year olds and a group of adults. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous studies, the current study does not support a relation between declarative metamemory and procedural skills, or executive functions and intelligence and procedural skills. We interpret our results in line with a dual systems view of metacognitive abilities and further speculate whether procedural skills might become increasingly independent and automated with age.     

Characterizing Expert Psychologist Behavior: Implications from Selected Expertise Literature

This article selectively reviews literature on the development of expertise in counseling and on assessment tasks of professional psychologists. Relevant theories of the development of expertise are reviewed, as well as selected research on medical diagnostic expertise. Whereas counselor development models have become widely used conceptual tools, similar theories from the expertise literature have been relatively neglected despite their promise. Design features and research issues from investigations of medical diagnostic expertise, including the use of forward and backward reasoning processes, might help operationalize expertise in professional psychology.     

元认知策略在英语听力学习中的应用及有效性分析

元认知策略是提高英语听力学习的关键策略,它们主要从元认知认识、元认知调节策略、元认知计划和监控实践活动等三方面对听力行为进行适当的调整。试验结果表明,此策略在听力学习中的应用切实有效地增强了英语收听效果,从而为英语听力的教学实践提供了有力的依据。     

Multi-method assessment of metacognitive skills in elementary school children: how you test is what you get

Third grade elementary school children solved tests on mathematical reasoning and numerical facility. Metacognitive skillfulness was assessed through think aloud protocols, prospective and retrospective child ratings, teacher questionnaires, calibration measures and EPA2000. In our dataset metacognition has a lot in common with intelligence, but planning measured with teacher ratings plays a role above and beyond IQ. Moreover, we found that skills are generally related, but that it is more appropriate to assess them separately. In addition, results show the value of an experienced teacher as actual measure of metacognitive planning skills. Our dataset suggests convergent validity for prospective and retrospective child ratings, but no significant relationship with the other metacognitive measures. Metacognitive skillfulness combined with intelligence accounts for between 52.9% and 76.5% of the mathematics performances. The choice of diagnostic instruments highly determines the predicted percentage. Consequences for the assessment of metacognitive skills are discussed.     

Facilitating pre-service teachers to develop Regulation of Cognition with Learning Management System

The object of the present study is to propose a technologically based method for developing Regulation of Cognition (RC) among pre-service teachers in a pedagogical problem context. The research intervention was carried out by two groups during a Teaching Training Workshop, based on the IMPROVE instructional method, which was implemented in the Learning Management System (LMS). The first group (N = 53) investigated the pedagogical problems with “dual perspectives” (teacher and learner), and the other group (N = 47) analyzed the same problems from a teacher perspective only. The triangulated research design provided three sets of data of RC (e.g., statements on Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, Educational Data Mining, and observations on actual teaching). The results were indicative of the advantage that was obtained by the dual perspective group (LMS+2P), which has manifested in most components of RC, as compared with the single-based intervention (LMS+1P).     

基于元认知的虚拟实验情感体验设计研究

学习者在虚拟实验学习中的元认知体验形成过程分为三个层次,即以促进学习者的记忆、辨别、想象和综合的认知体验层;学习者主动、有意识的应用与主动实践的行为体验层;实现学习者的价值与情感判断以及形成印象与自我实现的意识性情感体验层。若干认知活动的体验过程形成的体验体系支持了元认知的虚拟实验情感体验设计模型的构建。     

In search of the reliability of a Flemish version of the Knowledge Monitoring Assessment Test

Metacognitive skills are widely recognized as an important moderating variable for learning. Many studies have shown that these skills affect students’ learning results. Tobias and Everson (2000) argue that metacognitive skills cannot be effectively applied in absence of accurate knowledge monitoring. Consequently, they constructed a knowledge monitoring assessment test, which is claimed to be a valid test to measure students' knowledge monitoring capacity. In this contribution the reliability of a Flemish version of the KMA test is studied. Two studies are reported on, one with secondary education students and one with freshmen university students. In both studies split half method and Kuder Richardson 20 were used to calculate the internal consistency as a measurement of reliability. Because none of the results showed a good reliability it is suggested that additional efforts are needed to elaborate a reliable instrument.     

我国青少年情绪调节测量的本土化研究

我国青少年的情绪调节研究是近年来国内心理学关注的主要问题。中国青少年情绪调节能力的测量成为该领域的重要研究方向。国内研究者以中国青少年为研究对象,先后引进和修订了国外的认知情绪调节问卷、情绪调节量表、情绪调节困难量表以及情绪调节自我效能感量表,并证明这些量表的中文版具有较好的信效度,可适用于我国青少年情绪调节的测量。此外,研究者还编制了中国青少年四因素日常情绪调节问卷、中国青少年五因素情绪调节策略量表以及中国青少年九因素情绪调节策略量表等本土化的测量工具,同样被证明具有良好的信效度。对工具进行多指标的校标检验,临床样本的检验以及中国青少年情绪调节常模的建立将成为该领域日后研究的主要趋势。