Creative development in the early years: some implications of policy for practice

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the identifying of ‘creative development’ as a desirable early years learning outcome by the School Curriculum and Assessment Authority (SCAA, 1997). The article begins with a rationale for the inclusion of ‘creativity’ in the curriculum of young children in a post‐modern world at the turn of the century. It then goes on to look at the way in which ‘creative development’ is characterized by SCAA as a desirable learning outcome, and to unpick some of the messages which its inclusion in the curriculum may signify. There are several challenges posed by this part of the early years curriculum, which are then explored. Finally it proposes a framework for interpreting and translating it into practice.     

《信号与系统》理论教学中的几种实用方法

《信号与系统》是通信和电子类专业本科生的专业主干课程,也是本科生的许多后续专业课程(如通信原理,数字信号处理等)的重要理论基础。课程的特点是内容多、理论性强。如何在有限的学时内优质高效地完成教学任务是广大师生一个现实难题。针对《信号与系统》教学中面临的实际问题,采用理论与实例相结合的方法,着重论述提高本课程教学效率的几种实用方法。     

探究返璞归真的教育变革之道——兼论中国远程教育整体创新的思路和趋势

从21世纪信息化与全球化合流的大趋势着眼,在理论与实践结合上,系统探讨了教育变革的规律和趋势,深刻剖析了导致我国社会和教育之异化的两只“看不见的手”：“行政化”（官本位）和“商品化”（钱本位）,提出教育变革的一个重要趋势是返璞归真。并在大教育的广阔视野中,对中国远程教育创新发展进行了整体思考,解读了在信息技术浪潮中突现的中国现代远程教育三大舞台,提出当前我国远程教育发展中必须实现的三大转变,论述了从五个方面综合推进远程教育整体改革持续深化的思路。认为远程教育的本质属性是一种超越面对面之传统学校教育时空的学习形式,因此也必然是一种以学生自学为主的学习形式或受教育形式,这其实是教育冲破时空束缚而获得的一种重大解放和自由,也正是现代远程教育最重要的价值和希望之所在。     

Curriculum and Society: Rethinking the Link

This article argues that the link between educational curricula and society as a whole has become critically uncertain. This crisis is linked to a number of factors related to the post-modern world view, including: the disappearance of grand utopian social visions of the kind that used to underpin educational policy; the lack of adequate theoretical tools; and the way in which academics are exposed to a multitude of different cultural norms. The author argues that this situation calls for a fundamental re-thinking of the link between curriculum and society, based on a more flexible and pluralistic approach.     

Curriculum and Society: Rethinking the Link

This article argues that the link between educational curricula and society as a whole has become critically uncertain. This crisis is linked to a number of factors related to the post-modern world view, including: the disappearance of grand utopian social visions of the kind that used to underpin educational policy; the lack of adequate theoretical tools; and the way in which academics are exposed to a multitude of different cultural norms. The author argues that this situation calls for a fundamental re-thinking of the link between curriculum and society, based on a more flexible and pluralistic approach.     

Progressivism,Decentralisation and Recentralisation: Local Education Authorities and the primary curriculum, 1902-2002

This paper traces local authority engagement with development of the primary curriculum across the century from 1902. It aims to extend an understanding of the LEA contribution to curriculum development, its benefits and its deficits, throughout the processes of decentralisation and centralisation which have characterised government policy over the course of a century following the 1902 Education Act. It argues that historical perspectives are needed to inform the pursuit of solutions to a fundamental dilemma: how best to engage teachers in curriculum development on a local scale at the same time as maintaining equal access to curriculum opportunities on a national scale. Drawing on the educational press as a primary source, it focuses on three key dates at 25-year intervals seeking to identify some of the leading issues and arguments, and references are also made to oral history evidence.     

Coherence in the Changing Form of Schooling,State and Society: an analysis of Australian educational reform, 1901‐07

This paper queries the appropriateness of notions of ‘relative autonomy’. It argues that rather than autonomy, historical analyses show considerable coherence in both the qualitative character and rhythm of development of different facets of social life. The argument is developed through an examination of the relationship of schooling, state and society. A theoretical framework for conceptualising the relationship of schooling, state and society is outlined. This framework, and the argument for coherence, is then illustrated through an examination of the restructuring of the Australian State and New South Wales schooling at the turn of the twentieth century.     

Universities and a Human Development Ethics: a capabilities approach to curriculum

This article takes up the challenge of curriculum change in relation to the contested purposes of universities. It argues for an expansive, public good understanding, rather than the thin market exchange norms which currently drive higher education policies. The paper suggests that a human capital approach to curriculum is then insufficient to capture the full range and potential of a university curriculum. Instead, an approach to curriculum based on human development and capabilities formation is advanced as offering a richer perspective on what it means to be human and hence on the kinds of graduates universities should educate. Some implications for teaching, learning and assessment are outlined and a framework to design and operationalise a human development approach to curriculum is proposed.     

论信息化对我国产业结构的优化

调整和优化产业结构是十五期间经济发展的主线。本文认为，世纪之交国际国内经济的重大变化，决定了运用信息化优化产业结构具有客观必要性。信息技术、信息产业所具有的高渗透性、生长性，决定了它对产业结构调整、升级有着不可替代的作用。并提出了加快信息化、优化产业结构的对策建议。     

脑科学研究与心理教育范式

脑科学应当成为心理教育的基础科学,心理教育需要自觉吸收脑科学的研究成果。当今脑科学的最新研究成果为心理教育范式的建构提供了科学基础和理论框架,脑科学研究发展趋势对心理教育研究的方法论建构具有借鉴价值。树立脑科学与心理教育“一体化”发展理念,建构和实践全脑型心理教育范式,是我们必然的选择。     

德国基础教育的课程改革

德国各州享有中小学课程设置与课时分配的自治权,从历史上看,各州在课程设置与课时分配方面相对稳定.世纪之交,德国传统的课程设置与课时分配原则面临巨大挑战,更为灵活的课程设置与课时分配成为德国课程改革的总体趋势,而学校教学计划、教学实验、综合课等实践中的热点问题集中反映了这种改革趋势.     

Distributed writing as a lens for examining writing as embodied practice

The author argues for a reinvigorated focus on writing “as material, corporeal action” and proposes a framework of “distributed writing” through which to enact this focus. This framework highlights writing’s simultaneously material and embodied nature and can help scholars further examine and understand interactions among tools, artifacts, and writing bodies. Continuing to study writing “as material, corporeal action” is necessary as 21st century tools for writing continue to change.     

Schools and Industry: Some Organizational Considerations (Part 2)

In this article the author argues that the somewhat laissez‐faire attitude to curriculum reforms of the 1960s and 1970s led to their demise. The Bains Report (1972) marked recognition of the need for management techniques to promote corporate objectives successfully. A synthesis of the work of Schwab (1969), Everard (1982), Shipman (1983) and Dalin (1978) leads the author to suggest a simple ‘systems approach to management’ as a realistic framework for curriculum innovation. In conclusion, the author stresses that this model will not guarantee success, but provides a systematic approach for would‐be innovators.     

School Effectiveness Research and its Critics: alternative visions of schooling

The paper examines (a) the values and assumptions which underpin school effectiveness research, and (b) the problem of applying its findings in schools. It does so in the light of a number of critiques of this research emanating from both the USA and the UK. The author argues that the issues at stake between school effectiveness researchers and their critics are best understood as disagreements about the nature and purposes of schooling rather than disagreements about the facts. What is required is more dialogue about the values and assumptions which shape both SER and the views of its critics. This paper attempts to provide an initial framework for starting such a dialogue.     

高校外语教学应实施素质教育

素质教育是二十一世纪高校改革的核心。本文以素质教育为主题,在提出了高校外语教学的定位、教学目的与教学内容脱节的问题之后,探讨了如何在外语教学中贯彻素质教育问题,其中涉及到课程设置、能力培养和对外语教学方面一些实际问题的思考,进而强调把素质教育与专业教学结合起来,从而创造更高效的、新的外语教学体系和模式。     

The Core Curriculum and Undergraduate Education: Reflections on an Experiment

This paper describes the implementation of a common core curriculum in undergraduate programs at University College of Southern Queensland (UCSQ) in 1990. A justification for the core structure, and a specific core unit titled “Australia, Asia and the Pacific” is argued in detail. Opposition from Schools within UCSQ which considered the core units took away limited time from specialist and professional studies resulted in a review of the curriculum one year after its introduction. The paper argues that the changes proposed for 1993 by the review are likely to effectively dismantle the core structure, and that the changes proposed to “Australia, Asia and the Pacific” are symptomatic of an inwardness in Australian culture and will marginalise the study of Australia's relations with regional societies at a time when there appears to be general, community‐wide agreement that studies of this kind are an urgent, national priority.     

高校音乐教育专业钢琴课程教学改革初探

文章以现代教育理念及现代教育技术为依据,就钢琴课程的教改问题,从教学内容和课程体系两个方面展开讨论,在此基础上,提出了构建顺应21世纪教育发展趋势和新型人才需求的、富于科学性和立体感的高校钢琴课程结构框架。     

美国K-12整合性STEM教育框架:理念、课程路径与支持系统

美国整合性STEM教育框架基于STEM理念,阐明对整合性STEM的共识性理解,首次提供了涵盖K-12阶段的整合性STEM课程资源,绘制了STEM课程路线图,提供在课堂层次实施STEM的课程路线,为整合STEM方法的系统转型提供支持,以数据驱动STEM教学与评价,制定有效的STEM课程项目和STEM教师专业发展框架,推动整合性STEM课程实施与教学方法改革,培养学生运用STEM知识去解决真实问题,提高创新、批判性思维和解决问题的能力,培养21世纪技能。美国整合性STEM教育框架的课程理念、课程路径与课程支持系统,对我国在基础教育阶段推进STEM教育改革,开发全学段的STEM教育整体框架和课程路线图可以提供有益借鉴,包括基于标准的整合性STEM课程框架,赋能STEM教师的整合性教学实践和推动整合性STEM教育的系统性转变。     

Social Difference and Antagonism Within the 16‐19 Core Curriculum

The paper considers models of the core curriculum, which it argues are inadequate as their understanding of social difference is truncated. Although these models recognise difference this is located within a pluralist framework and is implicitly viewed as an impediment that hinders equal opportunities. The effect is to normalise the white, male middle class subject and to ignore social antagonism. Skill in the core curriculum becomes technicised, and a differentiated and segmented curriculum is left in place.