新时期职业学校学生中遇到的问题及教育措施

列举了职业学校学生教育中存在的问题及危害,并分析了问题形成的原因,明确了了解研究学生情况的方法和途径,介绍了学生教育中的方法和措施。     

小组式考试改革探索与思考

针对高校目前考试方法中存在的问题,在考试方法上进行了改革,设计了小组式考试方法。将学生分成小组举行考试。题目取材于生活,充分地调动了学生的积极性和热情,在考试过程中强化了学生的理解和记忆,锻炼了学生的能力,是一种积极、有益的尝试。     

语文教学中小学生自主学习方法指导的研究与实践

在中小学课堂教学中使学生掌握学习方法,实现自主学习、自主探究具有重要的意义。我校在开展小学生语文自主学习方法指导的研究和实践中,引导学生自主学习,教给学生自主理解课文的方法,引导学生掌握自评和互评的方法,取得了良好的效果,积累了宝贵的经验。     

制图课程教育中空间思维的培养

分析了学生学习工程制图前的思维习惯,分析了现行教学方法中培养学生空间思维能力的方法和环节,指出这些方法的欠缺之处,并提出了几个加强培养学生空间思维的方法。     

浅议激励理论在高校实验室学生管理中的应用

高校实验室学生管理工作复杂,实验室教学效果不佳。因此,为了激发学生们实验室学习的主动性和积极性,改善学生们实验课的学习效果,文章重点对学生管理目标激励方法、学生管理角色激励方法、学生管理奖惩激励方法、学生管理荣誉激励方法以及学生管理参与激励方法在高校实验室学生管理中的应用进行了分析,旨在提高高校实验室学生管理水平以及管理质量。     

新课改下高中数学教学的有效方法

高中数学是为高中生设置的一门重要课程,重在开发学生科学思维,培养学生思考能力和解决问题的能力。传统教育教学理念和方法严重阻碍了学生的智力发展,影响了学生数学思维模式的形式。因此,要找寻数学教学的有效方法,提高教学效率和学生学习效率。     

小学数学课堂体验式教学的研究

小学数学教育是学生学习数学的基础,众所周知 教学方法和学习方法非常重要,有了好的教学和学习方法,犹 如掌握了一把金钥匙,可以直接打开通向成功的大门。让学生 养成好的学习方法,和接受教师所展示的教学模式,教师就必 须要重视学生对教学和学习方法的第一次体验,让学生在体验 的过程中感受到方法确实很重要。     

第二外语习得中的动机因素

学习动机是由学生的学习需要所引起的,是学生进行和维持学习活动的主观原因。动机直接影响着学生的课堂表现、学习方法和效果,进而促进学生的有意义学习。掌握激发学生学习动机的方法,有利于教师调动学生的积极性,活跃课堂气氛,从而取得最佳教学效果。以学生学习外语动机为出发点,结合作者的教学经验提出了一些激发学生动机的切实有效的教学手段和方法,以促进学生第二外语的习得。     

初中地理试卷讲评的原则和方法

试卷讲评不但使学生复习、巩固了所学知识,了解了知识的内在联系,提高了综合运用知识的能力,而且使学生的思维能力得到了发展,使学生掌握了分析问题和解决问题的方法。本文论述了试卷讲评的原则和方法。     

浅谈以学生为中心的大学本科教学模式

通过追溯"以学生为中心"学习方法的起源,比较了"以学生为中心"的学习方法与传统教学方法的异同,探讨了将传统课堂转变为"以学生为中心"的方式方法,分析了可能面临的困难和挑战,并从管理者的角度提出如何开展"以学生为中心"的学习方法。认为"以学生为中心"的学习方法能提高学生的批判性思维能力、解决问题的能力、创新能力并促进学生的学习热情,应在我国大学教育中大力推广。     

Supposer et postuler pour produire des connaissances scientifiques: une évidence ou une conquête théorique? Une étude des points de vue d'étudiants

Résumé De manière générale, l'évidence sensorielle et, plus particulièrement, visuelle constitue pour les étudiants le principal fondement du savoir scientifique: nul besoin de supposer pour connaître, tout est donné ou presque. Du point de vue de l'enseignement des sciences, cette croyance à saveur réaliste est particulièrement critique, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à penser que les concepts, lois et théories scientifiques procèdent d'un monde de matérialités plutôt que d'un monde de modèles et de relations. Au cours d'une recherche effectuée auprès d'un groupe-classe de 35 étudiants durant douze semaines, nous avons pu observer que, pour la majorité des étudiants, la compréhension du caractère construit et consensuel du savoir scientifique était facilitée par le développement d'une métaréflexion sur leurs propres productions de connaissance et les inévitables postulats et suppositions qui les fondent. Nous avons également pu observer qu'il découle de cette activité réflexive un modèle de science qui se distingue des modèles initialement tenus par les étudiants, par le pouvoir créateur et, surtout, le pouvoir de théoriser qu'il comporte: postuler, supposer, jauger collectivement de la plausibilité des résultats plutôt qu'en appeler à une instance occulte, voilà quelques-unes des conquêtes théoriques qu'ils ont effectuées et sur lesquelles nous allons nous attarder.

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Sensorial, and more specifically, visual evidence is generally regarded by students as the basis for scientific knowledge: no need to postulate to understand, all is almost or practically given. From a science-teaching standpoint, this rather realistic approach is critical and leads to the belief that scientific concepts, laws, and theories stem from a world of materiality rather than from a world of models and relationships. During a 12-week study a group of 35 college students, we observed that for the majority of them, the development of metareflection on how they produce knowledge, with the inevitable and inherent postulates and conjecture, facilitated their understanding of the constructed and consensual character of scientific knowledge. We also observed that this reflexive activity facilitated the development of a new approach to science that differed from those models previously used by the students in its creative potential and, more importantly, in the power of its theoretics: to postulate, suppose, and collectively estimate the plausibility of results rather than calling up occult instances. These and other theoretical achievements will be discussed in this paper.

     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relations Among Professional Development,Educators’ Beliefs and Perceived Skills,and Response-to-Intervention Implementation

ABSTRACT

Professional development is a critical systems-level intervention thought to facilitate Response-to-Intervention (RtI) implementation. The current study examined the relations between professional development, educator outcomes, and problem-solving implementation within an RtI framework using growth curve modeling. School leadership teams from pilot schools (n = 34) participated in 3 years of training. Pilot schools also received job-embedded coaching. Comparison schools (n = 27) provided a referent group. Results indicated that problem-solving implementation increased faster at pilot schools (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, t = 2.03, p < .05). In addition, beliefs regarding data-based decision-making (β = 0.36, SE = 0.17, t = 2.13, p < .05) and perceived problem-solving skills applied to academics (β = 0.30, SE = 0.10, t = 3.07, p < .01) positively related to implementation. Implications include the needs to further explore professional development activities and for consultants to utilize evidence-based professional development principles when supporting RtI implementation.     

A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three-dimensional printed anatomy tools

Due to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41-item survey (five-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety-six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of $x$² (147) = 211.568, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.     

“Street Love”: How Street Life Oriented U. S. Born African Men Frame Giving Back to One Another and the Local Community

This Participatory Action Research (PAR) project worked with four active street life oriented U. S. Born African men, to document how a community sample of street life oriented U. S. Born African men between the ages of 16–65, frame and use “street life” as a Site of Resiliency (Payne, Dissertation, 2005; Journal of Black Psychology 34(1):3–31, 2008). Qualitative data was collected in the form of 20 individual and two group interviews. These data reveal an inter-generational, conceptualization and use, of the term “street love” in street life oriented U. S. born African men. Also, these data reveal that notions of “street love” extend out a critique of community professionals (e.g., community researchers/interventionists, social workers, etc.) as being unable and unwilling to produce “real help” in the local community. Examples of street love, revealed in the study, include the men offering advice/counsel, money or “free turkeys” during Thanksgiving to one another as well as other members of the local community. Results support Payne’s (2005) three-dimension conceptualization of “street love”: (1) individual, (2) group and (3) communal level expressions of “street love”.

Phase diagram estimation of the Al2O3-SiO2-Re2O3 systems

Nine limiting binaries of Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Re₂O₃(Re=Nd, Sm, Gd and La) system are assessed. The binary diagrams or experimental information from Toropov, Mizuno, Aramaki, Bondar, Rolin and Coutures are optimized with the substitutional model of Kaufman and Nesor and the approximate formula of fusion free energy for rare earth element oxides of Wu and Pelton. The extracted Gibbs free energies of pure solid oxides and stoichiometric phases and the solution parameters are used to estimate the corresponding binaries, liquidus surfaces and a series of isothermal sections of four ternaries Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Nd₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Sm₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃, and Al₂O₃-SiO₂-La₂O₃. In the Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃ system samples as fired at exact temperature with different compositions were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and the detected results are fitted with the calculation of isothermal sections. Supported by State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Micro-structure (9517 and 9708)     

Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient

Prevention programs often encourage sexually abused children to disclose without fully considering the potential for adverse consequences. This study examined the impact of disclosure on abuse cessation and later adult symptomatology. A clinical sample of 301 adult survivors completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES/IES-R), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Participants were divided into 3 groups: Nondisclosure (n = 221), Disclosure/Abuse Ended (n = 25), and Disclosure/Abuse Continued (n = 55). Multivariate analyses of covariance, adjusting for abuse characteristics (age of onset, penetration, and number of perpetrators) and other trauma exposure, revealed significant differences in psychiatric symptom severity among the three groups, Wilks’ λ = 0. 95, F (6, 584) = 2.69, p = 0.014, η_p² = 0.03. Specifically, those in the Disclosure/Abuse Continued group scored significantly higher on the IES/IES-R Intrusion subscale (p = 0.04) and the BDI-II (p = 0.01), as compared to the Nondisclosure group. The Disclosure/Abuse Ended group did not differ significantly from the other groups. Results suggest that disclosure may be detrimental unless adequate steps are taken to ensure abuse cessation and appropriate treatment.