语言技能与科学课程学习

语言是交流和思维的工具,新课程背景下强调学生的自主学习、合作学习和探究学习,强调学生与教师、学生与学生的交流,这对学生的语言技能提出了新要求,探讨科学语言与日常语言的不同,弄清语言技能对科学学习的影响,对促进学生语言技能与科学素质的共同发展具有现实意义。     

Writing for Learning in Science: A Secondary Analysis of Six Studies

This study is a secondary analysis of six previous studies that formed part of an ongoing research program focused on examining the benefits of using writing-to-learn strategies within science classrooms. The study is an attempt to make broader generalizations than those based on individual studies, given limitations related to sample sizes, topics, and classroom contexts. The results indicated that using writing-to-learn strategies was advantageous for students compared to those students working with more traditional science writing approaches. Using diversified types of writing enabled students in treatment groups to score significantly better on conceptual questions and total test scores than those in comparison groups. Importantly, when the cognitive demand of the question is increased from an extended recall to a design type question, there are significant performance differences between comparison and treatment groups in favour of treatment. The authors argue that the use of writing-to-learn strategies requires students to re-represent their knowledge in different forms and, as such, greater learning opportunities exist. Traditional writing strategies tend to favour replication of knowledge rather than re-representation knowledge.     

第二语言学习策略研究的现状与前瞻

20世纪中后期兴起的学习策略的研究是心理科学发展的产物.对学习策略的研究成为第二语言习得研究的一个重要组成部分.本文勾勒了国内外第二语言学习策略研究的发展脉络和现状,详述了中国对外汉语教学界对汉语作为第二语言学习策略的研究,分析了尚存的问题,指出了今后汉语作为第二语言学习策略的研究前景和基本框架.     

学习科学:研究的重要问题及其方法论

自20世纪后半叶以来,不同学科背景的研究者将基础研究与教育实践相结合,直面人类的学习问题,探究人类思维和学习的过程,设计新的学习情境,提出新的理论和方法论,催生了学习的新科学。学习科学是指面向复杂的真实世界需要的"整合"科学,涉及认知科学、神经科学、教育心理学、计算机科学、人类学、社会学等多元领域,它不仅发展了学习理论,而且对教授科学也做出了贡献。通过围绕知识的本质、学习的实质、学习的方式与形式、以学习为中心设计、学习环境及其支持、学习效果的评价等方面,来探讨学习科学研究的重要问题及学科方法论,进而对其未来研究的发展趋势做出预测。     

二语习得理论与外语学习对我国中学英语教学的启示

自20世纪60年代末起,国内外先后出现了各种第二语言习得的理论,其研究是一个多面的复杂现象,文章旨在通过探讨第二语言习得的相关理论,并联系我国的外语教学实际,简述二语习得与外语学习的区别,将二语习得的相关理论因地制宜地应用于我国中学英语教学。     

马赫与后现代科学观之比较--历史的反思、继承、超越

在科学领域内的每一次重大的变革，都给人类带来了翻天覆地的变化。追本溯源都可以找到每次变革的思想生长点。本文从马赫和后现代两种不同的科学观出发，分析和探索二者的继承关系以及后者对前者的超越之处，目的在于反思中我们能对后现代有一个新的解读视角。     

二语习得的错误类型分析及纠正策略

英语学习者在语言表达上出现的错误在广义上和狭义上有不同的划分方法,除了了解学习者所犯的表层错误外,更重要的是其深层的错误,即语际错误和语内错误。根据错误分析理论对两种错误类型进行细化,从词汇和句法的角度分别阐述,并提出一些解决问题的建议。     

The Classroom Practice of a Prospective Secondary Biology Teacher and His Conceptions of the Nature of Science and of Teaching and Learning Science

We describe research carried out with a prospective secondary biology teacher, whom we shall call Miguel. The teacher’s conceptions of the nature of science and of learning and teaching science were analyzed and compared with his classroom practice when teaching science lessons. The data gathering procedures were interviews analyzed by means of cognitive maps and classroom observations. The results reflected Miguel’s relativist conceptions of the nature of science that were consistent with his constructivist orientation in learning and teaching. In the classroom, however, he followed a strategy of transmission of external knowledge based exclusively on teacher explanations, the students being regarded as mere passive receptors of that knowledge. Miguel’s classroom behavior was completely contrary to his conceptions, which were to reinforce the students’ alternative ideas through debate, and not by means of teacher explanation.     

我国编辑出版专业教育的问题及对策探讨

当前，出版专业教育存在人才培养与行业实践相脱离的弊端。应根据出版业的发展需要，从四个方面改革编辑出版专业教育：完善出版人才培养模式；改进编辑出版课程体系；加强和改进实践教学；实行校企合作办学。     

An analysis of school pupils’ (with low social economic status) perceptions of university,regarding programmes of study

Through its “Aim Higher Project” and “Excellence Challenge Programmes”, the UK government is investing large sums of money into widening participation so that more school leavers stay on to study for higher education (HE) courses, especially those from lower social classes and ethnic groups. Universities are increasingly developing links with local schools and creating novel ways of enhancing these relationships. Nevertheless, as the costs of attending university rise, it may be difficult to widen access especially amongst those “less wealthy” young people which universities are desperate to attract and enrol, due to the more lucrative government funding that the universities will receive. The main aim of the research is to report research findings from a case study incorporating Year 11 pupils (n = 38) from an inner city school (placed second on the Aim Higher register for the most socially disadvantaged), focusing in the main on the programme of study. This exploratory work is longitudinal with the researcher entering the Roman Catholic High School every two weeks during the academic year (over a period of nine months).     

Childhood social status in society and school: implications for the transition to higher levels of education

While research into educational inequalities emphasises childhood socio‐economic status, this study adds another dimension of status into the analysis; namely, the child’s own social position among its peers. The aim was to examine whether socio‐economic status and peer status can both be linked to educational transitions and, if so, whether they constitute overlapping paths. In a second step of analyses, the relationship between peer status and adult unemployment was investigated. Data were derived from a longitudinal study using a 1953 cohort born in Stockholm, Sweden. Our results suggest that children with higher socio‐economic status and children with higher peer status are consistently more likely than their lower status peers to proceed to the next level of education, and that the effects of socio‐economic status and peer status hardly overlapped at all. Furthermore, educational differences by peer status seem to involve consequences for the studied subjects’ contemporary labour market opportunities.     

Language and Student Performance in Junior Secondary Science Examinations: The Case of Second Language Learners in Botswana

Teaching and testing in science in junior secondary schools in Botswana, takes place in English which is a second language for the majority of Batswana (Citizens of Botswana are called Batswana [sing. Motswana] and the national language is Setswana.) students and a third language for many. The understanding of textual material in science has been shown to be problematic for first language speakers, which means that difficulties in comprehension are likely to be even greater for second language readers. This study set out to test the hypothesis that improving the readability of junior certificate science examination questions would improve student achievement. Results show that changing certain readability factors, such as sentence length, simplified vocabulary and the removal of obscure information, brought about an improvement in achievement. The conclusion considers the implications of the study for the writers of examinations and other texts in science.     

高校二外日语教学现状分析及实效性研究

目前高校二外日语教学效果不能满足社会需求,与人才市场没有形成良性互动,不符合社会对“双语”乃至“多语”型人才的需求。研究当下高校二外日语教学现状,提出在教学中加强情感交流,建立和谐融洽的师生关系,注重文化知识的导入,克服母语体系干扰,发挥英语学习优势等改进高校二外日语教学的措施。     

学习风格与情感因素对二语学习的影响

影响二语学习效果的因素有许多,文章从认知科学的角度研究学习风格和情感因素对二语学习的影响,以期为二语学习过程中解决情感问题,提高学习效果提供较为可靠的实证依据。     

二外日语学习动机现状研究

学习动机是直接推动学生学习活动的内部动力,它能够说明学生为什么而学习,能够说明学生的努力程度,能够说明学生愿意学什么的原因。本文通过实证研究,对贵州省铜仁学院的英语专业大学生进行了日语学习动机调查分析,弄清了当前大学生的主流动机,并提出了一些激发大学生日语学习动机的教学建议。     

综合理科专业学生学习化学的现状分析及对策

本文通过对学生进行问卷调查，了解学生学习化学上存在的问题，并试图找出解决的办法，以提高学生的化学素养及综合能力。     

学习策略培训对二语学习过程的影响

本文试图描述和评估一个学期的策略培训对学习者目标语学习过程所产生的效果,并且对培训的长期效果进行检测。本研究的受试者被分为实验组和对照组,实验组学生参加策略培训,而对照组仍按原教学计划上课。研究结果表明策略培训可提高二语学习者策略使用和学习成效、改善学习情感,同时也分析了妨碍学习者策略应用的因素。     

基于社会网络分析的档案学前沿热点探析

分析了CSSCI收录的2000—2011年的档案学论文2717篇,利用Bibexcel软件对高频关键词构建矩阵,并由Ucinet软件对高频关键词矩阵分析节点的点度、中间和接近中心性,通过Netdraw软件绘制网络图,并研究热点的动态演进过程。结果发现,档案管理是档案学的持续热点,电子文件、数字档案馆等相关概念得到了深入研究,而政府信息公开成为了近几年来的研究热点。     

语言迁移对汉语作为第二语言学习的影响

语言迁移作为应用语言学研究的重要领域,在学习者的第二语言学习中起着关键的作用,本文在描述语言迁移现象及分类的基础上,分析其在汉语作为第二语言学习过程中的相关表现,从理论层面探讨语言迁移研究给对外汉语教学带来的启示,从而继续加强语言迁移理论在二语习得中的应用。