组织学习方式对公司核心竞争力影响的实证研究

以上海、浙江、北京、江西等地几百家公司高层管理人士为调查对象进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)干中学学习对核心竞争力的形成有正向影响,但不显著;(2)从经验中学习对核心竞争力的形成有正向影响,但不显著;(3)反思学习对核心竞争力的形成有正向影响,但不显著;(4)忘却学习对核心竞争力的形成有正向影响,但不显著;(5)学中干学习对核心竞争力的形成有显著的正向影响;(6)知识冲突学习对核心竞争力的形成有一定程度的负向影响;(7)交互式学习对核心竞争力的形成有正向影响,但不显著;(8)试错学习对核心竞争力的形成有显著的正向影响。     

水氮互作对水稻茎叶中氮形态及部分无机元素含量的影响

采用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟水稻干旱胁迫方法，研究了水氮逆境下不同品种水稻茎叶氮素形态及部分无机离子含量的变化．研究结果表明，干旱胁迫使水稻茎叶中可溶性蛋白(SP)、全P、Na^ 含量降低，而对水稻体内全氮(TN)、蛋白态氮(prN)、非蛋白态氮(NprN)及K^ 、Ca^2 、Mg^2 含量的影响因品种而异，且与供氮水平有关．干旱胁迫下，氮素营养可明显增加水稻茎叶可溶性蛋白(SP)、全氮(TN)、蛋白氮(prN)及非蛋白氮(NprN)、全P、K^ 、Na^ 含量，但对Ca2^2 及Mg^2 含量的影响具有品种间差异性。     

Towards sentiment and Temporal Aided Stance Detection of climate change tweets

Climate change has become one of the most significant crises of our time. Public opinion on climate change is influenced by social media platforms such as Twitter, often divided into believers and deniers. In this paper, we propose a framework to classify a tweet’s stance on climate change (denier/believer). Existing approaches to stance detection and classification of climate change tweets either have paid little attention to the characteristics of deniers’ tweets or often lack an appropriate architecture. However, the relevant literature reveals that the sentimental aspects and time perspective of climate change conversations on Twitter have a major impact on public attitudes and environmental orientation. Therefore, in our study, we focus on exploring the role of temporal orientation and sentiment analysis (auxiliary tasks) in detecting the attitude of tweets on climate change (main task). Our proposed framework STASY integrates word- and sentence-based feature encoders with the intra-task and shared-private attention frameworks to better encode the interactions between task-specific and shared features. We conducted our experiments on our novel curated climate change CLiCS dataset (2465 denier and 7235 believer tweets), two publicly available climate change datasets (ClimateICWSM-2022 and ClimateStance-2022), and two benchmark stance detection datasets (SemEval-2016 and COVID-19-Stance). Experiments show that our proposed approach improves stance detection performance (with an average improvement of 12.14% on our climate change dataset, 15.18% on ClimateICWSM-2022, 12.94% on ClimateStance-2022, 19.38% on SemEval-2016, and 35.01% on COVID-19-Stance in terms of average F1 scores) by benefiting from the auxiliary tasks compared to the baseline methods.     

非R&D活动与制造业企业创新绩效关系的实证研究-以长三角地区为例

作为一种重要的创新途径,非R&D活动越来越受重视。本文基于对长三角地区制造业企业发放的230份问卷所获得的数据,用结构方程模型对三种非R&D活动(培训、设计和采用先进生产技术)与制造业企业创新绩效关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)培训对设计和采用先进生产技术具有显著的正向影响;(2)采用先进生产技术对设计没有显著的正向影响;(3)设计和采用先进生产技术对创新绩效具有显著的直接正向影响;(4)培训对创新绩效没有显著的直接正向影响,而是通过设计或采用先进生产技术间接影响创新绩效。     

企业社会资本、市场知识能力与经营绩效的关系研究——社会网络的分析视角

基于社会网络的综合分析视角,对企业社会资本、市场知识能力和经营绩效的关系进行研究。通过实证分析发现,企业社会资本从结构、关系和认知三维度上对市场知识能力产生显著影响,而只有结构性企业社会资本显著影响经营绩效。不仅从企业社会资本的视角识别市场知识能力的前置因素,而且通过市场知识能力的中介角色,阐明企业社会资本与经营绩效之间的内在关系,最后对管理启示进行了讨论。     

产业集群特征对集群内人才成长的影响——基于我国四个产业集群的一项实证研究 /FONT /P

本文研究产业集群经济状况、集群人才政策、集群文化、集群生活环境、集群内企业人力资源管理对集群内人才成长的影响,并以武汉光谷、北京中关村、苏州工业园区、东莞振安工业园四个产业集群为对象进行实证研究。本文的理论贡献在于证实了：（1）集群经济状况对集群内人才成长有直接的正向的显著影响;（2）集群人才政策对集群内人才成长有直接的正向的显著影响;（3）集群文化对集群内人才成长没有显著的影响,但通过企业人力资源管理间接影响到集群内人才成长;（4）集群生活环境对集群内人才成长有直接的正向的显著影响;（5）集群内企业人力资源管理对集群内人才成长有直接的正向的显著影响;（6）集群文化、集群人才政策对集群内企业人力资源管理有直接的正向的显著影响。本文的研究结果对于正确认识产业集群人才成长优势以及人才集聚的内在机理具有重要的理论价值,也为政府的人才引进和人才开发提供借鉴。     

集群新创企业平行搜索对产品创新绩效的影响:管理者联系的调节作用

虽然许多研究发现新创企业知识搜索提升产品创新绩效,但却忽视了企业相对竞争对手的搜索时机选择对其产品创新绩效的影响。文章分析了集群新创企业领先搜索和跟随搜索对产品创新绩效的影响以及管理者联系的调节作用,并以215个集群新创企业样本进行实证检验。研究结果表明:领先搜索与跟随搜索对产品创新绩效有倒U型影响;集群外部联系增强领先搜索与产品创新绩效的曲线关系;集群内部联系削弱领先搜索与产品创新绩效的曲线关系,但正向调节跟随搜索对产品创新绩效的曲线影响。这一发现丰富了平行搜索和产品创新绩效关系研究,实践上对新创企业实施创新搜索与提升产品创新绩效有指导意义。     

How to deal with corruption? Examining the roles of e-government maturity,government administrative effectiveness,and virtual social networks diffusion

The role of e-government in combating corruption is an active area of research in Information Systems (IS). Drawing on the value framework for assessing e-government impact, and grounding our discussion on three theoretical perspectives, namely, (1) technological determinism theory, (2) general deterrence theory, and (3) Habermas’ public sphere perspective, we seek to explore how the diffusion of virtual social networks (VSNs) influences the relationships among e-government maturity, government administrative effectiveness, and corruption in a country. Our analyses based on publicly available archival data substantiate the (1) indirect relationships between e-government maturity in a country and corruption in three branches of its government (i.e., legislature, executive, and judiciary) through government administrative effectiveness, (2) interaction effect of VSN diffusion on the relationship between e-government maturity in a country and its government administrative effectiveness, and (3) interaction effects of VSN diffusion on the relationships between government administrative effectiveness in a country and its corruption dimensions. The key contributions of this research include the establishment of the (1) role of e-government in combating corruption in three branches of the government, and (2) idea of the public sphere in the context of VSN diffusion, and the subsequent exploration of its effects on e-government outcomes of a country.     

中国城市化与PM2.5浓度时空动态及作用机理——基于胡焕庸线变迁的视角

在快速城市化给环境带来严峻挑战的背景下,围绕中国典型城市群的城市化对环境污染影响的研究取得了显著进展。然而,聚焦胡焕庸线时空变迁而形成的“美丽中国中脊带”（简称中脊带）的城市化与雾霾污染相关深入研究较为鲜见。为此,本文利用2005—2018年全国314个地级市城市灯光复合指数（城市化）、雾霾污染（PM2.5）及其他方面的面板数据,借助ArcGIS厘定了中脊带及其东西两侧地区城市化与雾霾污染的时空变化,在STIRPAT模型和环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC假说）的理论框架下实证分析了3个区域城市化对雾霾污染的异质性影响并及揭示了其作用机理。研究表明：①受人口密度低等影响,西侧地区城市化推进速度上升趋势要远低于东侧及中脊带地区;②城市化与雾霾污染的关系在东侧地区存在显著的倒“U”型关系,在西侧地区表现出明显的正相关关系,在中脊带地区未呈现出显著规律;③在东侧地区通过人口集聚效应和产业结构效应可缓解城市化对雾霾污染的不利影响,而在西侧地区产业结构效应会加剧不利影响,中脊带地区人口集聚效应和产业结构效应均不明显。以上结论可为建立区域联防联控的环境治理机制、推进产业结构调整和增强人口集聚规模效应等政策建议提供实证依据,并促进西侧地区高水平的现代化和高质量的城镇化。     

R&D investment and financing choices: A comprehensive perspective

We posit that the effects of R&D investment on financing choices depend on the degree of intervention barriers and appropriation discrepancy between capital providers and the firm. Based on these two contingencies, we categorize financing instruments into four types: common equity (common stock), convertible securities (preferred stock and convertible debt), transactional debt (corporate bonds), and relational debt (bank and commercial loans). From the experiences of 39 petroleum firms during the period 1976-2005, we found R&D investment has a positive effect on the use of common equity, a U-shaped effect on the use of convertible securities, and an inverted U-shaped effect on the use of relational debt to raise capital. These effects are sustained over several years.     

科学、技术、创新政策的涵义界定与比较研究

目前我国学术界对科学、技术、创新政策的研究主要是从四方面展开的:一是科技政策和创新政策的一般理论研究,二是各项具体政策的实证研究,三是各国政策的比较研究[1],四是政策的评估研究。然而对于科学、技术、创新政策的内涵、区别和实证研究却较少。在系统地阐述了三种政策内涵的基础上,综合国内外学者的观点,剖析科学、技术、创新政策的区别和内在机制,为科学、技术、创新政策制定者提供科学依据。     

团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响研究

探讨团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响及其过程。在影响个体合作行为决策的复合式模型与知识共享的个人内在动机理论的基础上,提出了团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响模型和假设,并采用新兴的统计分析技术——多层线性模型(Hierarchical Linear Modeling,HLM)对73家企业中234个团队中的813名成员的有效调查问卷进行实证检验。结果表明,团队性绩效考核通过分配公平感对知识共享起到积极影响作用,而情境(任务相互依赖性、成员能力梯度)、信念(团队效能感、人际信任)、过程性动机(程序公平感、互动公平感)在该影响过程中起到调节作用。最后,进一步对如何有效实施团队性绩效考核提出了对策建议。     

组织文化、知识分享与组织创新的关系研究

 讨了组织文化、知识分享、组织创新与组织绩效之间的相互影响关系,并选取我国华南地区95家高科技企业作为对象进行实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）组织文化通过影响知识分享进而影响组织创新;（2）知识分享影响组织创新进而影响组织绩效;（3）组织创新对组织绩效有直接的正向影响;（4）组织文化对组织绩效没有显著的直接影响,但通过知识分享和组织创新间接影响组织绩效;（5）知识分享对组织绩效没有显著的直接影响,但通过组织创新来间接影响组织绩效。     

AdaSL: An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation framework for Arabic multi-dialectal Sequence Labeling

Dialectal Arabic (DA) refers to varieties of everyday spoken languages in the Arab world. These dialects differ according to the country and region of the speaker, and their textual content is constantly growing with the rise of social media networks and web blogs. Although research on Natural Language Processing (NLP) on standard Arabic, namely Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has witnessed remarkable progress, research efforts on DA are rather limited. This is due to numerous challenges, such as the scarcity of labeled data as well as the nature and structure of DA. While some recent works have reached decent results on several DA sentence classification tasks, other complex tasks, such as sequence labeling, still suffer from weak performances when it comes to DA varieties with either a limited amount of labeled data or unlabeled data only. Besides, it has been shown that zero-shot transfer learning from models trained on MSA does not perform well on DA. In this paper, we introduce AdaSL, a new unsupervised domain adaptation framework for Arabic multi-dialectal sequence labeling, leveraging unlabeled DA data, labeled MSA data, and existing multilingual and Arabic Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). The proposed framework relies on four key components: (1) domain adaptive fine-tuning of multilingual/MSA language models on unlabeled DA data, (2) sub-word embedding pooling, (3) iterative self-training on unlabeled DA data, and (4) iterative DA and MSA distribution alignment. We evaluate our framework on multi-dialectal Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging tasks.The overall results show that the zero-shot transfer learning, using our proposed framework, boosts the performance of the multilingual PLMs by 40.87% in macro-F1 score for the NER task, while it boosts the accuracy by 6.95% for the POS tagging task. For the Arabic PLMs, our proposed framework increases performance by 16.18% macro-F1 for the NER task and 2.22% accuracy for the POS tagging task, and thus, achieving new state-of-the-art zero-shot transfer learning performance for Arabic multi-dialectal sequence labeling.     

决策背景复杂化态势与智库建设科学应对的探讨

结合集中学习和专业实践,文章构筑了在区域发展战略和空间规划领域进行服务决策的智库分析框架。在国际环境方面,讨论了地缘战略调整对地缘关系的影响、经济全球化向国家和地方保护主义转向、可持续发展的全球共同责任,以及新科技革命引发新一轮产业革命等问题,阐述了全球发展正在步入一个前所未有的新阶段的判断。在国内发展方面,围绕治理能力现代化主线,讨论了治理能力长期存在的缺陷、当前体制机制改革面临的困境、未来优化发展路径面临的挑战以及新矛盾和新问题,论证了治理能力现代化在实现我国第二个一百年目标中的重要性。基于决策背景复杂化态势的解析,围绕智库建设科学应对提出了4个方面的建议:智库建设的底线是不说外行话、没有深入细致的研究就没有发言权、中科院的智库应更加注重基础能力的建设、智库建设的生命力也在于形成自身监督与不断完善的机制。     

Perceived values and motivations influencing m-commerce use: A nine-country comparative study

Mobile--> commerce (m-commerce) has become increasingly important for organizations attempting to grow revenue by expanding into international markets. However, for multinational mobile retailers (m-retailers), one of the greatest challenges lies in carefully managing their websites across multiple national markets. This work advances cross-national research on m-retailing by (1) examining how value dimensions shape m-shoppers’ motivations, (2) analyzing differential effects of hedonic and utilitarian motivations on intention and habit, and (3) examining the competing roles of conscious (intentional) and unconscious (habitual) m-commerce use drivers across developed and developing countries. This research also examines the moderating role of m-commerce readiness at the country level on the effect of motivation on intention and habit, along with their impact on m-commerce use. Based on data from 1,975 m-shoppers in nine countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam) across four continents, the results demonstrate differential relationships: consumers at an advanced (early) readiness stage are more likely to be hedonism-motivated (utility-motivated) when using m-commerce and tend to use it intentionally/consciously (habitually/unconsciously). In addition to advancing knowledge about m-commerce from a scientific perspective, the findings can help multinational firms decide whether to standardize or adapt m-shopping experiences when internationalizing.     

从JCR期刊分区看高校学科与科研发展

基于<2009年JCR期刊分区报告>,从学科结构角度,对东华大学2004-2008年被SCIE收录的学术论文进行统计研究,通过对各学科论文产出能力的分析,探讨了东华大学的学科发展现状及趋势.同时基于CSCD收录东华大学2004-2008年发文情况,对比该校国际相对优势学科与国内相对优势学科的差异.论文分析结果对于评价高校学科与科研发展,调整并优化学科建设规划具有可借鉴性.     

合同能源管理绩效评价的理论模型构建与实证研究

学术上对于合同能源管理服务问题的研究主要是对其机制的研究,对合同能源管理服务绩效领域的实证研究相对来说比较少.为深入研究合同能源管理服务绩效的关键影响因素,并构建完善的合同能源管理服务绩效评价体系,本文根据可持续性科学(2.0版)思想,分析了合同能源管理服务绩效理论框架,提出了基于三重底线的服务绩效,多方利益相关主体满意度,合作满意度,过程管理效果,整体服务绩效之间关系的研究假设,构建了基于"压力(Pressure)-状态(State)-反映(Response)"(PSR)驱动力模型的合同能源管理对象,主体,过程三维绩效评价模型.同时基于上海地区109份有效调查问卷数据,采用结构方程模型实证检验理论模型所提出的15个研究假设.检验结果显示:合同能源管理服务主体中的节能服务公司,政府这两个主体的满意度与服务绩效之间研究假设没有通过检验,其他研究假设均通过检验.研究结果表明:①影响合同能源管理服务绩效各维度因素对整体服务绩效具有重要影响;②除了节能服务公司,政府这两个主体的满意度,其他核心利益相关主体满意度对合作满意度也具有重要影响;③节能服务公司满意度对合作满意度具有显著的消极影响.最后,基于上述研究结论,本文从过程管理,主体合作治理两个方面,为提升合同能源管理服务绩效提出对策建议.     

农业资源利用效率评价方法及其比较?

农业资源利用效率评价是资源科学研究的重要内容.探讨农业资源利用效率科学评价方法,不仅在理论层面上可以促进资源科学综合研究、丰富资源科学理论,而且在实践层面上对保障国家或区域粮食安全、改善生态环境、提高粮食生产地位等也具有很强的指导意义.本文首先阐述了农业资源高效利用的概念和内涵,在此基础上,综述了国内外农业资源利用效率的评价方法,包括比值分析法、生产函数法、包络分析法、能量效率评价方法、因子-能量评价方法、能值评价方法和指标体系评价方法,对各种评价方法的原理、过程、优点及不足进行分析和论述.在此基础上,提出综合的理论指导和研究途径是农业资源利用效率评价方法和模型的发展方向,即在理论综合的指导下,农业资源利用效率评价应当在尺度综合、多因素综合和方法综合等层面展开今后的研究工作.     

Rickety numbers: Volatility of university rankings and policy implications

The most popular world university rankings are routinely taken at face value by media and social actors. While these rankings are politically influential, they are sensitive to both the conceptual framework (the set of indicators) and the modelling choices made in their construction (e.g., weighting or type of aggregation). A robustness analysis, based on a multi-modelling approach, aims to test the validity of the inference about the rankings produced in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and those produced by the UK's Times Higher Education Supplement (THES). Conclusions are drawn on the reliability of individual university ranks and on relative country or macro regional performance (e.g., Europe versus USA versus China) in terms of the number of top performing institutions. We find that while university and country level statistical inferences are unsound, the inference on macro regions is more robust. The paper also aims to propose an alternative ranking which is more dependant on the framework than on the methodological choices.