提高篮球教练员决策科学化水平的理论探讨

作为篮球教练员的工作,就是在训练和比赛过程中,不断地做出各种决策.研究认为,篮球教练员本身就是一名决策者,同时篮球教练员又是一名决策方案的具体执行者;篮球教练员的决策分为战略性决策和战术性决策两个主要方面;教练员决策过程中信息的获取和分析,对于决策的科学化程度有着直接的关系;自身的综合素养、思维方式、性格特征、经验积累,以及外部环境和条件的客观制约,决定了教练员的决策只能是建立在一种有限性理性的基础上.     

影响我国西部地区基层篮球教练员因素分析

采用文献资料法、访谈法等对我国西部基层篮球教练员进行研究,分析西部地区基层篮球教练员在从事篮球活动过程中存在的问题,为基层篮球教练员的培养提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

篮球

G841.148 20013558试论篮球教练员的理性思维=The propositionabout reasoning thinking for basketball coach [刊,中,I]/张俊青∥四川体育科学.-2000(4).-21-23参3(TY)篮球∥教练员∥思维篮球教练员要适应现代篮球运动发展,必须要具备科学的思维品质和思维方式;理性思维以其抽象性、确定性和理论性,决定着篮球教练员思维活动的科学性,严密性和创造性。研究和探索篮球教练员理性思维的特征,不断提高教练员的理性思维水平,是促进我国篮球教练员整体水平提高的一项具有战略意义的工作。     

学校篮球教练员理论研习的困惑与展望

文章采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对学校篮球教练员理论研习的困惑进行了深入的剖析,研究认为:学校篮球教练员理论研习有利于促进自身的专业化发展;影响篮球教练员理论研习的困惑主要是理论知识供给存在矛盾性,专业知识发展存在不均衡性,欠缺篮球竞赛组织与管理能力,缺乏必要的培训与职业资格认证,缺乏篮球教练员考核与监管机制.建议强化学校篮球教练员专业理论知识,树立学校篮球教练员终身学习理念,拓宽学校篮球教练员知识学习渠道,加强学校篮球教练员专业发展建设,以期促进学校篮球教练员的专业化发展.     

对高校篮球教练员体系的探析

大学生篮球联赛(CUBA)的产生和发展，对我国篮球运动的发展起到了巨大的促进作用，纵观CUBA联赛，发现高校篮球教练员在指导运动队训练和比赛的过程中，存在着训练的科学性不强，缺乏临场指挥经验，技、战术方法单调等问题，反映出目前高校篮球教练员的水平难于适应现代竞技篮球运动的发展。对高校篮球教练员体系进行分析和研究，旨在培养和提高高校篮球教练员的整体素质。以利于高校篮球运动的发展。     

直觉思维与篮球教练员的临场指挥

为了提高篮球教练员在临场指挥时的直觉思维能力,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,分析篮球教练员临场指挥时直觉思维的特征和作用。据此,提出篮球教练员临场指挥时直觉思维能力的培养途径。     

我国高级篮球教练员现状调查与对策研究

调查我国高级篮球教练员的基本情况、业务水平、事业心状态等情况，反映出我国高级篮球教练员整体业务水平不高。     

篮球教练员临场指挥艺术探讨

篮球教练员临场指挥艺术探讨于瑞敏１）毕监成２）隋福安身为篮球教练员不仅在训练方面要做到心中有数，而且要有临危不惧、力挽狂澜的斗志和临场指挥艺术。而临场指挥能力的好坏，是一位教练员思想涵养、业务水平的集中体现。本文结合我们多年从事篮球教练工作的经验与体...     

我国高校篮球教练员研究

通过逻辑分析法对我国高校的篮球教练员情况进行分析.研究认为:随着近几年大学生篮球联赛(CUBA]的产生和发展,高校篮球教练员在指导运动队训练和比赛的过程中,存在着训练的科学性不强,缺乏临场指挥经验,技、战术打法单调等问题,高校篮球教练员的水平难于适应现代竞技篮球运动的发展.为了更好地集中精力搞好训练,培养体育后备人才,创造优异运动成绩,体育教师与教练员的分离是一种必然.高校与专业篮球教练员之间的相互需求为高校聘用篮球教练员主持高水平篮球训练工作提供了可能.     

湖南省中学篮球教练员现状的调查与分析

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,通过对湖南省中学篮球教练员进行调查,分析和研究湖南省中学篮球教练员的现状。并针对其存在的问题提出促进教练员队伍健康发展的建议。     

A developmental perspective on decision making in sports

The aim of this narrative review article is to provide a developmental perspective on decision making in sports. Although there is extensive research investigating the influence of decision making on sports performance, research examining how athletes' decision making develops is almost non-existent. We take a developmental perspective to advance our understanding of the theoretical foundations, empirical findings, and practical applications of research on decision making in sports. We provide a framework for understanding choices in sports over the course of ontogenetic development. This framework can be used to guide future research and applications.     

Coaches’ perceptions of decision making in rugby union

ABSTRACT

Background: In team games situations, the ability to make fast and accurate decisions is crucial to performance. As such, effective decision making, characterised by the consistent and efficient ability to choose the right course of action at the right moment, is a key component of match performance in team sports such as rugby union. Previous research has identified pedagogical approaches to enhance decision making. However, there is dearth in research to investigate how coaches evaluate tactical decision making and subsequently develop context specific ‘on’ and ‘off-field’ coaching practices to improve it. Further, the value coaches place on decision making is under explored.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore coaches’ perceptions of decision making in rugby union. The specific objectives to meet this aim were to: (i) Explore coaches’ perceptions of the value and importance of decision making in rugby union; (ii) Identify coaches’ opinions of the key decision making moments in games and how to evaluate them; and (iii) Investigate coaches’ on and off field methods for improving players’ tactical and strategic decision making.

Participants: Purposive sampling was used to select five male coaches, whose ages ranged from 25 to 41 years, from a regional rugby union club in Wales to participate in the study. Coaching experience ranged from two years to 16 years.

Methods: The interpretative paradigm was used within the study with data collected through semi-structured interviews with academy rugby union coaches. This type of interview gathered rich, detailed and complex accounts of coaches’ opinions of players’ in-game decision making in rugby union in order to inform practice and theory. Inductive and deductive qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data.

Findings: All five coaches agreed that decision making was a crucial part of the modern game of rugby union. There was some disagreement between them about the players’ autonomy to make their own decisions on the pitch and a general lack of clarity between ‘game plan’, ‘strategy’ and ‘tactics’ amongst the coaches. All the coaches agreed that the process of evaluation of players’ decision making should involve a joint discussion with the players. They also agreed that developing decision making was one of the hardest things to coach. Finally, they used a variety of ‘on’ and ‘off-field’ coaching methods to achieve this including video analysis, questioning and the use of games based scenarios.

Conclusion: This study acquired the coaches’ voice on players’ decision making in rugby union by exploring its perceived importance to them and how they evaluated and attempted to improve it. A clear attempt was made among the coaches to develop a ‘non-judgemental’ atmosphere in the evaluation and improvement of players’ decision making. Future research should consider the use of explicitation interviewing, where the interviewer (coach) aims to get the player into a state of evocation, to relive the key decision making moments in an attempt to improve it.     

足球教练员决策行为的理论研究

足球教练员在训练和比赛的过程中要不断地做出各种决策.足球教练员的决策分为战略性决策和战术性决策.足球教练员决策过程中信息的获取和分析,对决策的科学化程度有着直接的关系.足球教练员自身的综合素养、思维方式、性格特征、经验积累,以及外部环境和条件的制约,决定了足球教练员的决策只能是建立在一种有限的理性基础之上.     

论体育领导者的科学管理决策

本文运用人类行为学与决策学理论，从管理决策思想、决策程序与方法、影响决策的因素及其体育领导者应具备的决策素质等方面提出了具有科学实践意义的新见解，旨在为各级体育领导干部实行科学化工作管理提供参考。     

Path analysis examining self-efficacy and decision-making performance on a simulated baseball task

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between decision-making self-efficacy and decision-making performance in sport. Undergraduate students (N = 78) performzed 10 trials of a decision-making task in baseball. Self-efficacy was measured before performing each trial. Decision-making performance was assessed by decision speed and decision accuracy. Path analyses examined the relationships between self-efficacy, residualized past performance, and current performance. The results indicated that self-efficacy was a significant and consistent predictor of decision speed (eight of nine trials), but not decision accuracy (four of nine trials). It was also found that experience does not have a meaningful effect on the relationship between self-efficacy and decision-making performance in sport.     

竞技运动风险决策情境中的红色心理效应研究

竞技运动中存在大量的风险决策情境,以往的研究主要考察决策者内部表征对风险决策行为的影响,较少关注风险信息外部表征对竞技运动中风险决策行为的影响。基于色彩心理学中的红色心理效应理论,本研究将红色心理效应引入风险决策领域,探讨红色刺激对竞技运动情境中风险决策行为的影响。采用完全随机区组设计,将171名体育专业在校大学生随机分至实验组与对照组。结果表明,在风险偏好和框架效应上,红色刺激引发了2个实验组被试的回避倾向;红色刺激呈现时机的差异在框架效应与风险偏好上均没有显著性差异;实验组与对照组在负收益情境下的选择偏好存在显著性差异。本研究表明,红色心理效应同样适用于竞技运动风险决策情境。     

女子手球运动员模拟运动情境中认知决策与直觉决策的实验研究

采用《运动情境决策测试系统(手球运动情境版)》，考察女子手球运动员的认知决策与直觉决策绩效。结果表明，手球运动中存在直觉决策；手球运动中的认知决策和直觉决策任务是两类不同性质的任务，不同水平的女子手球运动员在这两类任务的作业绩效上存在差异。     

Development and validation of the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale

Abstract

Items from the Reinvestment Scale were modified to create a decision-specific version of the scale. Principal components analysis of responses from 165 participants revealed one-, two-, three-, and four-factor solutions for the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of responses from a second sample of 111 participants revealed that a 13-item two-factor solution showed the best fit. The first factor comprised six items referring to conscious monitoring of the process involved in making a decision, and was termed decision reinvestment. The second factor, decision rumination, comprised seven items related to focus on negative evaluations of previous poor decisions. In an initial assessment of predictive validity, Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale scores of 59 skilled team sport players were found to be highly correlated with coaches' ratings of players' tendency to choke under pressure (r = 0.74), with high Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale scores indicating greater susceptibility to poor decision-making under pressure. It was concluded that the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale highlights a performer's predisposition to engage in behaviours detrimental to performance under pressure, namely decision reinvestment and decision rumination.     

Self-controlled feedback is effective if it is based on the learner's performance

The study follows up on the contention that self-controlled feedback schedules benefit learning because they are more tailored to the performers' needs than externally controlled feedback schedules (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002). Under this assumption, one would expect learning advantages for individuals who decide whether they want to receive feedback after a trial rather than before a trial. Participants practiced a sequential timing task, and all could decide the trials on which they received feedback. One group ("self-after") decided after every trial whether they wanted to receive feedback for that trial while another group ("self-before") made that decision before each trial The self-after group showed learning benefits on a delayed transfer test (novel absolute timing requirements) with regard to overall timing and relative-timing accuracy. Thus, self-controlled feedback was more effective when the learner could make a decision about receiving feedback after the trial. This seems to support the view that self-controlled feedback benefits learning, because learners can make a decision about feedback based on their performance on a given trial.     

Anatomy of a Dead Heat: Visual Evidence at the 2012 US Olympic Trials

The adoption and use of visual technologies as decision aids in professional sport is increasing at a rapid rate, yet the study of such practice is virtually non-existent. Beyond the specific play or call in question, images used as decision aids in sport have immediate and far-reaching material and cultural impacts including athlete sponsorship packages, the professional reputation and expertise of athletes and officials, and lucrative contracts for imaging and technology companies. This paper borrows Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's work on objectivity to examine one such case: the dead heat between Jeneba Tarmoh and Allyson Felix at the 2012 US Olympic Trials. The Tarmoh/Felix dead heat involved a complex assemblage of human and machine vision, and contains within it many of the issues involved in the use of sports decision aids. The paper argues that analyses of images used as decision aids in sport have much to offer academic and non-academic audiences interested in sport and visual culture.