饮酒后血液中酒精含量的数学模型

本文首先用微分方程建立了基本模型,从理论上完整的描述了人体血液中的酒精含量的变化过程.其次,根据所给数据,利用数学软件(Matlab)对基本模型进行了拟合,得出基本模型中的待定系数,并得出了人在不同情况下饮酒后的酒精含量与时间的关系图.从图中可以很好的反映出人体血液中的酒精含量的变化规律,它们的变化规律与实际变化相吻合,从而证明了所建的模型基本符合要求,进而可以根据关系图讨论题中的问题.     

关于酒精在血液中浓度消除的数学模型

结合药理学[2]，讨论酒精在血液中的吸收及排除时浓度的变化过程．通过建立二室模型，分别针对在短时间及长时间内摄入酒精时，酒精在人体血液中的浓度变化情况作具体的分析；同时，利用数学软件对相关参数进行估计，得到结论为：长时间多次摄入同质量的酒精比短时间摄入其浓度消除速率要小．最后对所给的实际问题做出解释．     

血液中酒精浓度数学模型研究

分析了酒精进入人体后的吸收和扩散过程,对问题做出合理假设,利用数学建模的方法分别建立了瞬时大量饮酒和长时间饮酒这两种情况下酒精在血液中的浓度的数学模型,同时使用数学方法对建立的数学模型进行了求解和分析.利用得到的结果,可以很快计算出某人饮用若干酒后,过一段时间血液中酒精的浓度.     

血液中酒精浓度的数学模型

根据药物动力学的原理,运用微分方程的有关理论建立了测定血液中酒精浓度的数学模型,并讨论了饮酒驾车的有关问题.     

饮酒驾车问题的微分方程模型

按照国家质量监督检验检疫总局《车辆驾驶人员血液、呼气酒精含量阈值与检验》规定,饮酒驾车指：车辆驾驶人员血液中的酒精含量大于或者等于20mg／100mL,小于80mg／100mL的驾驶行为。醉酒驾车指：车辆驾驶人员血液中的酒精含量大于或等80mg／100mL的驾驶行为。     

关于饮酒驾车问题的模型构建

根据优化的原理，利用微分方程对饮酒驾驶问题中饮酒者的酒精含量进行量化谩计，建立了相应的数学模型，并通过机理分析和数据处理。参数估计相结合，找出一个较满意的饮酒方案。     

酒精稀释模型在重复饮酒中的应用

利用微积分理论.针对酒后驾车问题,建立了反映驾驶员单次喝酒和重复喝酒后体内酒精稀释速度的微分方程数学模型.结合数据拟合理论,使用MATLAB软件对数据进行曲线拟合,确定了模型的参数.最后根据模型以及模型参数.推导出了在饮酒量相同的情况下,不同饮酒方式对酒精稀释速度的影响,以及由此决定的对饮酒驾驶员的不同安检结果.为那些想在有限的休息时间内喝酒而又不违背交通安检标准的驾驶员推荐可行的饮酒方式.     

浅析酒精含量检测血样提取送检规范

饮酒、醉酒后驾驶机动车是严重的违法行为。主要检测方法有两种:呼气酒精含量检验和血液酒精含量检验。在进行酒精含量检测提取送检的过程中,在操作上尚存在一些不规范的地方,主要是抽取血样时使用酒精和碘酒作皮肤消毒剂,抽取血样后容器留有空腔,送检不及时,抽取血样后未按规定开具行政强制措施凭证。     

利用药物动力学房室模型分析饮酒驾车问题

利用药物动力学房室模型的基本知识建立饮酒驾车后司机体内酒精浓度的微分方程模型,再利用MATLAB和相关数据根据最小二成乘法编程估计出饮酒时的吸收参数,结合国家关于车辆驾驶人员酒精浓度的标准对司机驾车期间的饮酒情况进行分析。     

酒精对田径队男子中长跑成绩的影响——以郑州大学为例

以郑州大学高水平田径队为例,运用文献资料法、数理统计法分析了饮酒对中长跑成绩及运动员身体恢复的影响.结果显示:随着血液酒精浓度的增加,运动员的5 000米跑步成绩均有不同程度的下降.血液酒精浓度越高,成绩下降越多.酒精浓度高的情况下,运动后身体中的水分、肌糖原恢复缓慢.     

饮酒驾车问题的数学模型

为了解决饮酒驾车问题，通过对所给参考数据的分析，利用最小二乘法等有关数学知识，建立了饮酒后酒精在血液中的含量与时间关系的数学模型，从而根据司机的饮酒量，以及国家质检局发布的新标准，对司机酒后何时开车为酒后驾车问题作出了合理的解释。     

Alcohol Use,Psychopathology, and Treatment Utilization in a University Mental Health Clinic

In the general population, alcohol use disorders and psychiatric disorders co-occur. Despite ample evidence of the adverse effects of alcohol use on treatment outcomes, these relationships have not been examined among college students presenting at counseling centers. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hazardous drinking among students receiving counseling at a university counseling center and to examine relationships between alcohol use, symptomatology, and treatment utilization. Participants were 214 students who had terminated therapy within a 3-year period. Intake assessments of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were harvested from client files. Analyses indicated that 33% of the sample screened positive for hazardous alcohol use. Findings provided preliminary evidence that hazardous drinking is negatively related to both mental health and treatment utilization in university clinics. In light of this association, coupled with high base rates of risky alcohol use among college students, university counseling centers might consider implementing screening and brief intervention for hazardous drinking.     

Functions of adolescent drinking in Finland and the Soviet Union

The present study was conducted in Finland and the USSR (Estonia) with two birth cohorts (14 and 17 years old) and their parents. The subjects, 504 in Finland and 329 in Estonia, were drawn from urban and rural areas. 85% of the Estonian and 55% of the Finnish parents returned the questionnaire. The results supported the hypothesis that adolescent drinking is an age-related behaviour aimed at active coping efforts to adopt adult-like behaviour. In both countries abstinence decreased with age, and the use of alcohol was seen as behaviour which became acceptable at an older age than the age when the actual initiation occurred. However, the use of alcohol remained occasional through the ages of 17 to 18. Adolescents’ drinking correlated strongly with their conceptions of the accepted motives for drinking which, in turn, correlated with observations of the parents’ use of alcohol. In Estonia, boys with high self-esteem were most active in adopting customary adult drinking. In Finland, drinking was typical of boys who were active in the use of leisure time, whereas abstinence, was typical of passive users of leisure time. The Finnish adolescents did not make a distinction between moderate and heavy drinking as clearly as the Estonian ones. Traditional sex differences in the use of alcohol still existed in Estonia, but Finnish girls’ drinking did not differ from Finnish or Estonian boys’ drinking. The influences of parental modelling were strongest for Finnish girls. There were few indicators of reactive coping efforts for strains from the environment, but a conflicted home atmosphere was a risk factor of the early onset of alcohol drinking.     

Ethnic Differences in Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use Among College Athletes

This study examined drinking motives, alcohol use, and alcohol‐related problems among White college athletes and college athletes of color (N = 113). Results indicated no differences in drinking motives between the 2 groups. White athletes reported higher levels of alcohol use, whereas athletes of color reported higher levels of alcohol‐related problems. Athletes of color with high levels of coping and conformity motives reported the highest level of alcohol‐related problems.     

Alcohol Use and Drinking Motives Among Sanctioned and Nonsanctioned Students

This study examined differences in the relationship of drinking motives to drinking behavior among sanctioned and nonsanctioned 1st‐year students (N = 298). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that for both sanctioned and nonsanctioned students, alcohol use was predicted by social and enhancement motives, and alcohol‐related consequences were predicted by social, enhancement, and coping motives. High levels of conformity motives predicted alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences for sanctioned students only. Counseling implications are discussed.     

The dark side of social support: Understanding the role of social support,drinking behaviors and alcohol outlets for child physical abuse

The purpose of this study is to examine how parental drinking behavior, drinking locations, alcohol outlet density, and types of social support (tangible, emotional, and social companionship) may place children at greater risk for physical abuse. Data on use of physical abuse, drinking behaviors, types of social support, social networks, and demographic information were collected via telephone interviews with 3,023 parent respondents in 50 cities in California. Data on alcohol outlet density were obtained by the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control. Multilevel Poisson models were used to analyze data for the drinking levels in the entire sample and dose-response drinking models for drinkers. Social companionship support was related to more frequent use of physical abuse. Having a higher percentage of social companionship support network living within the neighborhood was related to more frequent physical abuse in the full sample. This relationship was moderated by on-premise alcohol outlet density. With regards to drinking behaviors, drinking behaviors from ex-drinkers to frequent heavy drinkers used physically abusive parenting practices more often than lifetime abstainers. The dose-response models show that each additional drinking event at a bar or home/party was related to more frequent use of physical abuse. Practitioners working with parents who abuse their children should be aware that not all social support is beneficial. Findings build evidence that child maltreatment is influenced by the interaction between individual and ecological factors.