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1.
In order to get bounce and movement seam bowlers need to bowl the ball “into” the pitch. Standard deliveries by elite players are typically projected at around 7° below horizontal. In contrast, young players currently often need to release the ball almost horizontally in an effort to get the ball to bounce close enough to the batter. We anticipated that shortening the pitch could be a simple way to help young bowlers to release the ball at a better angle and with more consistency. Twenty county or best in club age group under 10 and under 11 seam bowlers were analysed bowling indoors on two different pitch lengths. They were found to project the ball on average 3.4° further below horizontal on a 16 yard pitch compared with a 19 yard pitch, while ball speed and position at release changed negligibly. Pitch length did not affect the consistency of the release parameters. The shorter pitch led to a ball release angle closer to that of elite bowlers without changing release speed, and this should enable players to achieve greater success and develop more variety in their bowling. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACTThis study sought to determine whether playing on a shorter cricket pitch would lead batters to make more appropriate decisions about whether to play front foot or back foot shots. Based on an analysis of the shots played by top order batters against seam bowling in county under-10 matches, an age-specific “good length” region between 5.0 yards and 6.5 yards (4.57 to 5.94 m) from the batters’ stumps was derived. This was where batters were uncertain whether to play on the front or back foot. It was then possible to define deliveries as “short” or “full” depending upon whether they bounced further from or nearer to the batter than the good length region. Club under-11 and county under-10 match data revealed that when playing on a 16-yard pitch batters played more back foot shots to short balls, and county batters also played more front foot shots to full balls compared with matches on the currently recommended 20- or 19-yard pitches. For batters, a shorter pitch should strengthen the coupling between the perception of delivery length and appropriate shot selection, and the increased task demand should lead to improved anticipation, both key features of skilled batting. 相似文献
3.
Roger M. Bartlett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):733-752
Abstract Research into the science and medicine underlying cricket performance and injury has progressed since the First World Congress of Science and Medicine in Cricket in 1999. This review covers material on the physiological and psychological demands of the game and preparation for it, the biomechanics and motor control of cricket skills, the psychology of team dynamics, performance analysis and cricket injuries. Technological aspects of cricket equipment are also covered, where such research could influence injury risk or player performance. Fielding remains the least studied of the skills. Much more research needs to be done before we can gain a full understanding of the scientific aspects of the game. There is a need to address common definitions of injury, along with more research into injury mechanisms. Research on batting needs to bring together motor control and biomechanics more fully. The fitness demands of the game are still poorly understood, along with the mechanisms causing fatigue. Evaluation of the efficacy of intervention strategies needs to continue and to develop. The applications of research need to be communicated more to coaches and players — for example, in team dynamics — so that they can be applied, and tested further, in international matches. 相似文献
4.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect stride length has on ankle biomechanics of the leading leg with reference to the potential risk of injury in cricket fast bowlers. Ankle joint kinematic and kinetic data were collected from 51 male fast bowlers during the stance phase of the final delivery stride. The bowling cohort comprised national under-19, first class and international-level athletes. Bowlers were placed into either Short, Average or Long groups based on final stride length, allowing statistical differences to be measured. A multivariate analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc correction (α = 0.05) revealed significant differences between peak plantarflexion angles (Short-Long P = 0.005, Average and Long P = 0.04) and negative joint work (Average-Long P = 0.026). This study highlighted that during fast bowling the ankle joint of the leading leg experiences high forces under wide ranges of movement. As stride length increases, greater amounts of negative work and plantarflexion are experienced. These increases place greater loads on the ankle joint and move the foot into positions that make it more susceptible to injuries such as posterior impingement syndrome. 相似文献
5.
Marc R. Portus Bruce R. Mason Bruce C. Elliott Max C. Pfitzner Richard P. Done 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):263-284
In this study we analysed technique, ball speed and trunk injury data collected at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) from 42 high performance male fast bowlers over a four year period. We found several notable technique interrelationships, technique and ball speed relationships, and associations between technique and trunk injuries. A more front‐on shoulder alignment at back foot contact was significantly related to increased shoulder counter‐rotation (p < 0.001). Bowlers who released the ball at greater speeds had an extended front knee, or extended their front knee, during the front foot contact phase (p < 0.05). They also recorded higher braking and vertical impact forces during the front foot contact phase and developed those forces more rapidly (p ≤ 0.05). A maximum hip‐shoulder separation angle occurring later in the delivery stride (p = 0.05) and a larger shoulder rotation to ball release (p = 0.05) were also characteristics of faster bowlers. Bowlers suffering lower back injuries exhibited typical characteristics of the ‘mixed’ technique. Specifically, the hip to shoulder separation angle at back foot contact was greater in bowlers who reported soft tissue injuries than in non trunk‐injured bowlers (p = 0.03), and shoulder counter‐rotation was significantly higher in bowlers who reported lumbar spine stress fractures than non trunk‐injured bowlers (p = 0.01). The stress fracture group was also characterised by a larger hip angle at front foot contact and ball release, whereas a more flexed front knee at ball release characterised the non trunk‐injured group. 相似文献
6.
A comparison of power output recorded by an SRM powercrank and Kingcycle test rig. 相似文献
7.
通过问卷调查法,在对200名保龄球练习者运动损伤调查研究的基础上,对保龄球运动损伤的特点、原因和预防等进行了分析探讨。保龄球损伤以腰、膝、手指、肩、肘部位为多。手指部损伤与本项目运动特点有关。 相似文献
8.
The elbow extension angle during bowling in cricket may be calculated from the positions of markers attached around the shoulder, elbow and wrist using an automated laboratory-based motion analysis system. The effects of two elbow-marker sets were compared. In the first, a pair of markers was placed medially and laterally close to the condyles while in the second a triad of markers was placed on the back of the upper arm close to the elbow. The root mean square (RMS) difference in elbow extension angle between the two methods at four key instants was 8° for 12 fast bowlers and 4° for 12 spin bowlers. When evaluated against video estimates of the elbow extension angle for the fast bowlers, the elbow extension angle calculated using the pair method had an RMS error of 2° while the triad method had an RMS error of 8°. The corresponding errors for the spin bowlers were 3° and 5°, respectively. It is thought that the greater errors associated with the triad is a consequence of soft tissue movement in this dynamic activity. This is consistent with the finding of greater error for the fast bowlers compared with the spin bowlers. 相似文献
9.
John S. Croucher 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):336-339
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of test reliability obtained from two sequential testing plans—trials-to-criterion (TTC) and sequential probability ratio (SPR) testing—when reliability is defined as the consistency of classification. Data from a golf chip test given to 110 beginning golf students (n = 80 males; n = 30 females) at the University of Wisconsin were used for analysis. Test specifications for the SPR test were α = β = .05, θ0 =.70, and θ1 = 50. Two mastery levels for the TTC test were examined, .70 and .60, with success criteria ranging from R = 6 to R = 12. For each sequential testing plan, both P and kappa were calculated to estimate reliability. Results for the total group and for gender indicated that reliability was higher with the SPR test when the mastery level was .70, while reliability was similar under both plans at a mastery level of .60. Median test lengths for the group were 21 for the SPR test and an average of 12 across all R values for the TTC test. Misclassification error rates for the TTC test, however, were substantially higher than under the SPR test, particularly for false nonmaster errors. These data suggest that SPR testing would be the preferred approach when misclassification errors are of primary importance, such as to determine minimal competency for certification. However, TTC testing is a viable alternative for classroom tests because of ease of administration and shorter test length. 相似文献
10.
以休闲与生活方式为视角,对休闲的概念与休闲研究作了简要介绍,分析了休闲与生活方式的关系,并对休闲中体育与旅游的结合进行了探讨,提出体育旅游业应当与社会休闲产业和整个旅游业融合,而不应孤立地开发。 相似文献
11.
Craig Ranson Mark King Angus Burnett Peter Worthington Kevin Shine 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):261-274
Fast bowling in cricket is an activity that is well recognised as having high injury prevalence and there has been debate regarding the most effective fast bowling technique. The aim of this study was to determine whether two-year coaching interventions conducted in a group of elite young fast bowlers resulted in fast bowling technique alteration. Selected kinematics of the bowling action of 14 elite young fast bowlers were measured using an 18 camera Vicon Motion Analysis system before and after two-year coaching interventions that addressed specific elements of fast bowling technique. Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine whether any changes in kinematic variables occurred pre- and post-intervention between those who had the coaching interventions and those who didn't. The coaching interventions, when applied, resulted in a more side-on shoulder alignment at back foot contact (BFC) (p = 0.002) and decreased shoulder counter-rotation (p = 0.001) however, there was no difference in the degree of change in back and front knee flexion angles or lower trunk side-flexion. This study has clearly shown that specific aspects of fast bowling technique are changeable over a two-year period in elite level fast bowlers and this may be attributed to coaching intervention. 相似文献
12.
The objective of the study was to evaluate two types of cricket bowling techniques by comparing the lumbar spinal loading using a musculoskeletal modelling approach. Three-dimensional kinematic data were recorded by a Vicon motion capture system under two cricket bowling conditions: (1) participants bowled at their absolute maximal speeds (max condition), and (2) participants bowled at their absolute maximal speeds while simultaneously forcing their navel down towards their thighs starting just prior to ball release (max-trunk condition). A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model comprised of the pelvis, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae and torso segments, which enabled the motion of the individual lumbar vertebrae in the sagittal, frontal and coronal planes to be actuated by 210 muscle-tendon units, was used to simulate spinal loading based on the recorded kinematic data. The maximal lumbar spine compressive force is 4.89 ± 0.88BW for the max condition and 4.58 ± 0.54BW for the max-trunk condition. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two techniques in trunk moments and lumbar spine forces. This indicates that the max-trunk technique may not increase lower back injury risks. The method proposed in this study could be served as a tool to evaluate lower back injury risks for cricket bowling as well as other throwing activities. 相似文献
13.
通过对京汉两地商业性保龄球馆进行研究认为:两地保龄球业处于全国先进水平,业已先后进入市场成熟期,步入饱和的买方市场阶段;其商业性保龄球馆所面临的问题是,各个企业之间由于价格战形成的恶性循环竞争、普遍服务质量较差、保龄球馆市场宣传力度不够、缺乏管理人才等。并针对这一战略提出了制定统一的服务质量标准、狠抓服务质量问题等相关建议。 相似文献
14.
分析击球员心理测试结果,罗列运动员的心理共性和个性特点,为运动员的安打率在比赛中能达到正常发挥或超长发挥提供有力依据。 相似文献
15.
Luke Wilkins David Mann Stephen Dain Thomas Hayward Peter Allen 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):13-19
The International Cricket Council recently introduced new regulations for helmets in cricket. Amongst other changes, these regulations limit batters from adjusting the gap between the peak and the grille, resulting in some controversy over whether the new helmet design reduces visibility of the ball. This study compared the visual field of individuals when wearing an old helmet that does not conform to the new regulations, and the equivalent replacement which does. The visual field of 10 male participants was tested whilst wearing an old and new helmet. The new helmet resulted in a significant reduction in the visual field of the wearer (M = 66.1 out of 76 points seen in the new helmet vs. 74.8 seen with the old helmet), with the restriction predominantly confined to the superior visual field. The new regulations do appear to restrict the visual field of batters, confirming the anecdotal reports of players. However, the majority of this restriction occurs in the superior field, suggesting that the impact on batting performance may be limited. The importance of considering the impact that new helmet regulations can have on vision, batting performance, and player safety is discussed. 相似文献
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17.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanics of hitting a baseball to the same and opposite fields. Twenty male subjects were assigned to one of two groups according to their baseball hitting abilities. Each subject performed as many trials as were necessary to successfully hit a pitched ball three times to both the same and opposite fields. Each trial was filmed from above. No significant interactions (p < 0.05) were found between subject groups and field hits with selected temporal and kinematic parameters entered as dependent variables. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between body landmark and segment component displacements and velocities at the instant prior to ball contact. The maximum resultant linear and angular speed of the examined body and bat landmarks were found to occur prior to ball contact. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that no interactions exist between hitting ability and hitting technique when hitting to defined field areas and that differences in the mechanics of hitting to defined areas are due in part to: (1) differences in the angular displacements of the left wrist and left elbow joints and (2) differences in the temporal characteristics of the swings. 相似文献
18.
Samuel D. Todd Jonathan D. Wiles Damian A. Coleman 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):353-365
AbstractDuring practice and competition, golfers are required to use submaximal effort to hit the ball a given distance, i.e., perform a partial shot. While the full golf swing has undergone extensive research, little has addressed partial shots and the biomechanical modifications golfers employ. This study investigates the biomechanical changes between full and partial swings, and determines if the partial swing is a scaled version of the full swing. Using a repeated measures design, 13 male golfers completed a minimum of 10 swings in the full and partial swing conditions, whilst club, ball, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were recorded. Large and statistically significant reductions in body motion (centre of pressure ellipse: 33.0%, p = 0.004, d = 2.26), combined with moderate reductions in lateral shift (25.5%, p = 0.004, d = 0.33) and smaller reductions in trunk rotation (arm to vertical at top of backswing: 14.1%, p = 0.002, d = 2.58) indicate golfers favour larger reductions in proximal measures, combined with diminished reductions as variables moved distally. Furthermore, the partial swing was not found to be a scaled version of the full swing implying a new approach to coaching practices might be considered. 相似文献
19.
考虑空气阻力时标枪最佳出手角度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对考虑空气阻力时标枪的最佳出手角进行计算机仿真研究。通过刚体理论,推导了考虑空气阻力时标枪的动力学方程组,并在不同出手参数组合的情况下对标枪的出手角进行计算和分析。采用文献中的有关标枪的几何和物理参数,使用Mathematica数学软件进行方程的推导和数值计算。通过计算,得到标枪的初始攻角和俯仰角速度对出手角度选择的影响较显著。若无初始俯仰角速度时,最好的出手角度范围为37°~43°,其中42°最佳;最好的出手范围为39°~44°,其中43°最佳;攻角的适宜值为-9°~0°,初始俯仰角速度的适宜值为-12°/s~-6°/s。 相似文献
20.
针对武汉体育学院网球专选班学生底线正手击球的技术,设计相关的教学实验,将击球节奏方法运用到网球底线正手的教学中.通过实验对比和分析,探讨和揭示击球节奏在网球底线正手教学中的重要作用,旨在完善网球技术的教学方法和手段,提高网球课的教学效果和质量,为全面发展体育院校学生身体素质和启动课程改革配套的先期工程奠定坚实的基础. 相似文献