Students ’ perceptions of science classes in the Philippines

This study used a modified version of the Perception of Science Classes Survey (Kardash & Wallace, 2001) to survey 7,885 grade school and high school students in different provinces in the Philippines regarding their perceptions of their science classes. Factor analysis revealed five dimensions of the students ’ perceptions that relate to different aspects of the teacher ’s pedagogy and the learning environment created by the teachers: (a) Learner-Centered Pedagogy, (b) Science Inquiry Activities, (c) Positive Affect and Attitudes, (d) Grades as Feedback, and (e) Support for Self-Learning and Effort. Factor scores were compared across grade levels and genders. The results indicate a decrease in science inquiry activities and the use of grades as feedback in the higher grades, but an increase in support for self-learning and effort, and also positive affects and attitudes. These trends were discussed in relation to possible problems related to teacher practices that may contribute to low student achievement levels in science. This research was part of a research project commissioned by the Japan International Cooperation Agency-Philippines.     

The role of socioeconomic status and school quality in the Philippines: Revisiting the Heyneman–Loxley effect

In 1983, Heyneman and Loxley stated that in low income countries, school-level factors could account for a greater proportion of variance in student achievement as compared to student-level characteristics. The phenomenon has come to be known as the “HL effect” and signaled the important role of schools in developing countries. This study investigated the presence of the HL effect using a longitudinal sample of 1790 11.5-year-old students from 60 schools in a developing country, the Philippines. The main variables of interest were related to socioeconomic status and proxy measures of school quality. The correlates of achievement were explored using two-level multilevel modeling, while controlling for students’ prior ability. While findings did not support the presence of the HL effect in the sample, with schools accounting for only 3–5% of overall conditional variance, schools were found to be important in the production of higher achievement scores.     

Education service contracting in the Philippines: human rights as trumps, goals, or policy talk?

In recent years, the goals and purposes of education within the international development discourse have shifted significantly away from education for productivity or human capital development and towards education for the fulfillment of the individual through human rights. The current global education climate provides governments with an environment to support policies of free basic education, driven by a global diffusion of the central principles of education as a human right. This article considers the function of international human rights law and political movements within educational policymaking and practice, specifically regarding policy efforts to increase school access. Using the Philippines as a case study, this article addresses the guarantees for free secondary education in Philippine legal and policy documents, and assesses the current government policy for secondary education expansion??the Education Service Contracting (ESC) Program??to discuss the impact of the country??s human rights commitments on educational policy. Using Kingdon??s multiple streams model of policy analysis, I account for human rights law within ESC policymaking and determine the drivers that have led the country to take up its current model of private expansion. In conclusion, the human right to a free education should be deliberated, not as a trump card to supersede local educational obligations, but as a guiding principle, placed within problem, solution, and political contexts to assess the current state of education and adequately protect those who need publicly funded schooling the most.     

After the Thunder Came the Rain

1.Socrates,the great thinker in ancient Greece,had a rude wife,who often lost her temper with him.     

the same与all the same

the same与all the same这两个短语仅一词之差,但意义及用法却大相径庭,极易混淆,提醒同学们要特别予以注意: I.the same 1)the same常用作形容词,修饰名词,意为“同一个(人、物或地点)”。例如: ①Li Mei and Zhang Hua are in the same class.(李梅和张华在同一个班 级。)     

How the Hare Got the Goat

1. A man bought a goat from the market and went home with it. A hare saw them and thought: "What a good goat that is! I must have it for myself." 一位男子从市场上买了一只羊带回家去。一只兔子见了想道:“多好的一只羊呀!我一定要把它搞到手。”     

In the Kingdom of the Seals

Some Pe0Ple(l)that seals are the fairies of the sea and日ho记d notbe killed.“In the kin酗om of the Seals,’15 12、English fairy sto钾byDonald A Machenzie.It tells of a seal huntel(3)wounds a seal.Theseal swims away(4、the hunter,5 knife still(5)baek.That     

Did the Gamemakers Fix the Lottery in the Hunger Games?

The Hunger Games is an annual event in the fictional country of Panem. Each year, 24 children (tributes) are chosen by lottery from 12 districts to fight to the death in the arena for the entertainment of the Capitol citizens. Using statistical analysis and computer simulations, we will explore the possibility that the Gamemakers, those in charge of planning the Hunger Games, fixed the lottery. Using the fictitious data from Suzanne Collins' book the Hunger Games, we show how students can learn how to perform a permutation goodness of fit test.     

亡羊补牢,the sooner the better!

地球只有一个,而人类对其的破坏却在“ing”(进行时)?! 人类对水圈:水资源危机除了气候干燥和水资源时空分布不均等自然因素外,人为因素显然是更重要的原因。随着人口激增,产业发展,导致用水量成倍增加。同时,人类不仅对水的利用率很低,而且,对其的污染更为厉害。全世界工业和城市生活污水每年排放量不断增加,许多本来可以利用的淡水资源遭到破坏。这不仅使水资源紧缺地区淡水供需矛盾更加突出,而且使原先水资     

Enhancing the Humanistic Quality Education of the Students in the Teachers colleges to Face the New Century

Summary: The article discusses the main problems caused by lack of the humanistic quality education in teachers colleges and universities, points out the necessity of enhancing the education and suggests some practical approaches.     

How Did the Boy Fallinto the River

Ｄｉｃｋｗａｓｎｉｎｅｙｅａｒｓｏｌｄａｎｄｈｅｗａｓａｖｅｒｙｂａｄｂｏｙ ,ｂｕｔｈｉｓｍｏｔｈｅｒａｌｗａｙｓ　 1　ｔｈａｔｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｈａｖｅ(表现 )　 2　 .Ｔｈｅｎｏｎｅｄａｙ ,ａｆｔｅｒｈｅｈａｄｃｏｍｅｂａｃｋｆｒｏｍ　 3　 ,Ｄｉｃｋ ｓｔｅａｃｈｅｒｃａｌｌｅｄｈｉｓ　 4　ｏｎｔｈｅｐｈｏｎｅａｎｄｓａｉｄ,“Ｄｉｄｙｏｕｋｎｏｗ ,ＭｒｓＨｅｐｋｅｒ ,ｔｈａｔＤｉｃｋｓａｖｅｄ　 5　ｂｏｙｗｈｅｎｈｅｆｅｌｌｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｗｈｉｌｅｗｅ　 6　ｏｕｔｆｏｒａｗａｌｋｔｈ…     

亡羊补牢．the sooner the better!

地球只有一个，而人类对其的破坏却在“ing”(进行时)?!     

Reflections on the application of the western reproduction theory in the research into the education of China

The ＂reproduction theory＂ was conceived and born in the research into educational inequalities in Western countries. Famous as the theory is, when it is to be applied in the research into education in China, a few factors must be taken into consideration： the subjects investigated must be educational inequalities that have come into being in the context of China; a shift in theoretical approach and expression is needed, with the Functional approach as the dominant research method; in terms of the standpoint of the researcher, whose academic mission and realization of social ideals should be closely and fully integrated; in terms of research method, the principle of combining both the macroscopic and microscopic approaches and analysis on the basis of actual facts should be adopted so as to effectively analyze and solve the problems plaguing the education of China and to promote the localization of the western reproduction theory in China.     

On the Convergence of the Column-Updating Method

1IntroductionItisknownthatthefamousBroydenmethodisefficientt'orsolvinglargescalesystemsofnonlinearequationsF(x)=0,FiDorR"-R"(l.l)In1984,M.J.Martillezstudiedaclassofalgorithmscalledthecolumn-Llpdatingmethodl'],orsimplyCOLUM.ThismethodhasadvantagesovertheBr…     

on the farm与at the farm

小学英语课本内的"on the farm"与"at the farm"两个词组都与farm(农场)有关,意思较为相近,关键看与farm相关的人所从事的工作。如果他(们)在农场直接从事农业劳动,一般选用on the farm,如:My parents work on the farm.(我父母亲在农场工作。)如果他(们)在农场不是直接从事农业劳动的,而是在农场里做     

Getting to the top of the class

When it comes to social mobility,what goes up tries very hardnot to come down.Middle-class parents pay for private schools;they move into thecatchment areas of good state schools;they manipulate tax regime-s to ensure that their children inherit propetry;they pull strings toget job interviews and network like mad.Policy-makers trying to doanything about these social facts face in-built resistance to change in     

Knocking on the door to the teaching profession? Modeling the entry of prospective teachers into the workforce

We use a unique longitudinal sample of student teachers (“interns”) from six Washington state teacher training institutions to investigate patterns of entry into the teaching workforce. We estimate split population models that simultaneously estimate the impact of individual characteristics and student teaching experiences on the timing and probability of initial hiring as a public school teacher. Not surprisingly, we find that interns endorsed to teach in “difficult-to-staff” areas are more likely to find employment as public school teachers than interns endorsed in other areas. Younger interns, white interns, and interns who completed their student teaching in suburban schools are also more likely to find a teaching job, all else equal. Prospective teachers who do their internships at schools that have more teacher turnover are more likely to find employment, often at those schools. On the other hand, few of the characteristics of an intern's cooperating teacher are predictive of workforce entry. Finally, interns with higher credential exam scores are more likely to be hired by the school where they did their student teaching.