知识经济呼唤教育观念的转变

在知识经济时代,要转变传统的教育观念,树立既为社会发展服务又为人的发展服务的教育观,树立以学生为主体、培养学生创造能力的教育观。     

Effect of conceptual change approach accompanied with concept mapping on understanding of solution concepts

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of conceptual change texts accompanied with concept mapping instruction, compared to traditional instruction (TI), on 8th grade students understanding of solution concepts and their attitudes toward science as a school subject. Solution Concept Test was developed as a result of examination of related literature and interviews with teachers regarding their observations of students difficulties. The test was administered to a total of 64 eighth grade students from two classes of a general science course, taught by the same teacher. The experimental group received the conceptual change texts accompanied with concept mapping in a lecture by the teacher. This instruction explicitly dealt with students misconceptions. It was designed to suggest conditions in which misconceptions could be replaced by scientific conceptions and new conceptions could be integrated with existing conceptions. The control group received TI in which the teacher provided instruction through lecture and discussion methods. The results showed that conceptual change text accompanied with concept mapping instruction caused a significantly better acquisition of scientific conceptions related to solution concept and produced significantly higher positive attitudes toward science as a school subject than the TI. In addition, logical thinking ability and prior learning were strong predictors for the concept learning related to solution.     

认知心理学的知识观对中学信息技术课教学的影响

当代认知心理学把知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识两类,文章介绍了这两种知识观及其内涵和特点,在此基础上阐述了两种知识的相互转化过程。随着现代信息的飞速发展,掌握这两种知识观对信息技术课的教学有着深远的意义。     

Implementation of concept mapping to novices: reasons for errors,a matter of technique or content?

Concept mapping is discussed as a means to promote meaningful learning and in particular progress in reading comprehension skills. Its increasing implementation necessitates the acquisition of adequate knowledge about frequent errors in order to make available an effective introduction to the new learning method. To analyse causes of errors, 283 A‐level sixth graders produced concept maps about two differently complex subject matter lessons, we implemented in a pre‐lesson. We defined six types of errors and analysed the distribution and contingency tables in both subject matters. Students in general produced more complex concept maps in the context of the easier subject matter (A) than that of the difficult content (B). Whereas in the former errors simply indicated knowledge gaps, in the latter they often reflected technical misconceptions. The occurrence of a content‐dependent technical error in (B) pointed to a cognitive overload, since the more difficult content is hypothesised to cause higher intrinsic load. From this following, concept mapping could provoke an instructional enrichment by additionally revealing specific knowledge gaps.     

论教育学视野下的知识观

传统的知识观是建立在哲学认识论和心理学理论的基础之上的,是一种“物性”标准和“绝对真理”标准,对理解教育中的知识问题具有局限性。教育工作者应站在教育学视野下理解知识及其特性。教育学视野下的知识具有动态性、丰富性、个人性、意义性和严密性等特性。     

Ambivalence and the politics of knowledge: The struggle for change in German higher education

This article argues (a) that universities are profoundly ambivalent institutions; (b) that this ambivalence explains a great deal about their behavior that would otherwise remain inexplicable; (c) that one of the most striking manifestations of this ambivalence can be found in universities’ attitudes towards change; and (d) that this ambivalence has its roots in a fundamental tension in modern society about the university’s purposes. There is good reason to believe that this set of observations holds true for universities everywhere, albeit to different degrees and in different ways. As a case in point, this article focuses on the process of change (and non-change) in German higher education over the past ten years.     

Changing knowledge regimes: Universities in a new research environment

This paper takes an apparent knowledgeparadox as its point of departure. `Knowledge'has acquired a more all encompassing meaningtoday, yet this has not strengthened thesupport for and confidence in higher educationinstitutions. On the contrary, it is oftenclaimed that they have outlived theirusefulness. In trying to understand thedevelopment behind this paradox, we deal withthree issues. We discuss first thewidening concept of knowledge and the claimthat there is emerging a new mode of knowledgeproduction. Secondly the widening concept ofknowledge is put into a social and politicalcontext, where massification and its socialimplications are discussed. Thirdly we developa theoretical framework based on the concept ofknowledge regimes. In this part wediscuss how the concept of knowledge regimesand the related concepts of knowledgeinterests and knowledge alliances may behelpful in understanding the complexities andambiguity of higher education development.Finally we discuss some implications regardingknowledge's role in social development. Wequestion the assumption that there is anecessary relationship between a wideningconcept of knowledge and a given form ofknowledge development.     

国内学术创业研究特征及趋势——基于科学知识图谱的可视化分析

运用CiteSpace软件对中国知网(CNKI)收录的核心期刊中以"学术创业"为主题的333篇文献进行分析,梳理出该研究领域的重要期刊、主要作者及所属机构、热点主题等。研究发现:该领域形成了比较稳定的发文期刊群,但作者及机构之间的合作有待加强;研究热点主要包括创业教育、创业型大学和学术创业三个方面,但研究视角主要是宏观和中观的分析,在方法上以定性研究为主。基于分析结果,对未来的研究提出相应建议:在研究内容上,应积极回应时代要求,关注数字经济形态下学术创业的发展;在研究维度上,要从宏观转向微观,深入揭示和比较总结不同区域、大学组织及学科特征背景下个体学术创业路径、成效及有效的组织形式;在研究方法上,要从定性走向定量,尤其是重视不同学科间的交叉融合,深入分析涉及学术创业发展的重要理论与实践问题。     

跟进知识社会：现代教学理论中的几个基础性问题——来自中国与乌克兰的教育对话

针对知识社会的挑战,中国和乌克兰面临着很多相似或相同的教育问题。如何界定学生学习知识的程度和范围并教会学生学会自己学习,如何调整学校、教师、学生、家长对教育的习惯性态度,如何全面理解教育教学质量、如何使教师的个人素养和职业素养同时得到提高……这诸多问题的解决,都需要我们在当代人类文明场景中,回溯历史、通过与思想大师的对话,寻求精神和方法的指引。