农村儿童亲子交往现状的研究

本文研究选择农村儿童亲子交往现状作为研究内容,同时针对目前存在的农村儿童社会发展问题,对农村儿童亲子交往进行深入的研究,并提出了培养农村儿童良好亲子关系的策略。研究采用《亲子关系诊断测验手册》和《Achenbach儿童行为量表》,并结合访谈法,得出以下结论:⑴农村儿童亲子交往存在儿童年龄、性别的差异,不存在家庭收入、父母职业的差异;⑵父母的受教育程度与亲子交往呈正相关;⑶亲子沟通与亲子交往呈正相关,亲子沟通良好的,亲子交往也比较好,亲子沟通不良的,亲子交往也比较差。     

In practice—The home of the brave

Whereas some faculty members at the end of their careers choose the tidy comfort of the stand‐alone classroom, Thomas Klein chose the rich and raw life of a residential learning community teacher. Poignant moments from his experience may offer inspiration to other courageous educators.     

The influence of home on learning to read

Large scale investigations into home variables and educational success frequently demonstrate relationships between global factors such as socio-economic status, education of parents, etc. and general educational achievement, of which attainment in reading is often taken as an index. This paper reports a small but detailed study of home influences on the early stages of learning to read within the context of the Bristol Longitudinal Language Development Research Programme. Data were derived from three sources: interviews with the parents when the children were aged 5 and 7 years; regular recordings of spontaneous conversation at home between 3 %and 5 years; assessments of reading at 5 and 7 years. Attainment in reading at age 7 was found to be strongly predicted by knowledge of literacy on entry to school, and this in turn to be predicted by parental interest in literacy and quality of verbal interaction with the child in the preschool years. The child's own pre-school interest in literacy was not found to be strongly associated with later success. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

The effects of reticence on group interaction

Research regarding the effects of reticence on group interaction reveals that reticence does not necessarily impede the group process; however, reticent individuals are seen as less effective participators due to their limited vocal activity, and they are less likely to emerge as the group's leader.

Research on the effects of reticence on group interaction is reviewed and suggestions are made to instructors of the small groups course regarding helping reticent students participate in the small group.     

The influence of group size on children's competitive behavior

The present research was designed to test the hypothesis that children would compete more in tetrads than in dyads. Twenty-two pairs of male and 14 pairs of female target children (N = 72) played a competitive game in both tetrads and dyads. Consistent with the hypothesis, male target children competed more in tetrads than in dyads. This hypothesis was not supported for females, however. Analyses of the dynamics of tetrads and dyads further demonstrated that based on a global measure of smiling, the emotional atmosphere was less positive in tetrads than in dyads. The causes and consequences of interaction in different sized social groups are discussed.     

D-M相互作用对Spin-Peierls系统二聚化的影响

利用Lanczos数值方法研究了Spin-Peierls系统中D－M相互地于二聚化的影响，得到的结论表明：当D－M相互作用与晶格畸变无关时，它的作用将抑止二聚化，当D－M相互作用是格点交错时，它可能会有利于二聚化，随着交错系数的逐渐变大，D－M相互作用从抑止二聚化变为增强二聚化，最后给出了交错系数的临界值。     

c-正规子群对超可解群结构的影响

利用c-正规子群的性质得到群的极小子群包含在群的超可解超中心时,可解群的结构,并总结了相关结论。     

The influence of social interaction on meaning construction in a virtual community

As proposed by social constructive theorists, meaningful learning and individual development were achieved through social interaction. To foster social interaction among students, this study formed an online learning community in which they played multiple roles as writers, editors and commentators. In playing different roles, they read peers' texts, edited peers' errors, evaluated peer editors' corrections and finally reconstructed their own texts. Results of this study showed that the multiple roles they played allowed them to have opportunities to view their own texts from others' perspectives. Based on these perspectives, they were more willing to acquire information from and contribute information to peers. All of this extensive information acquisition and contribution resulted in meaning construction of texts as active students improved their final drafts in both local revision (grammatical correction) and global revision (the style, organisation and development of a text) after receiving and evaluating feedback from peer editors. Their final drafts were very different from those of passive students whose first and final drafts were almost the same despite some grammatical revisions. This study suggests that, rather than relying only on an examination of students' final drafts, there may be benefits in teachers encouraging students to actively participate in social interaction by reading peers' texts, editing peers' errors and evaluating peer editors' corrections during text revisions.     

杭州市西湖区居家养老服务的调查研究

在养老服务体系中,社会化是其发展的必然趋势,而西湖区的居家养老服务便采取了通过招标以政府向社会实体购买服务的提供方式。为了解西湖区居家养老服务提供及满意度情况,采取深度访谈与问卷调查相结合的调查方法,以"模式——服务人员——满意度"为研究思路。调查结果显示,西湖区在制度设置、体系设计上已取得不错的成果,养老产业的扶持引导、养老资源的整合、服务人员的专业化水平、服务的多元化与个性化、服务人员与老年人的沟通等问题是政府、社会组织、社区、家庭等责任主体需共同努力改善之处。