On the Aanalysis of Non-verbal Language Kinesics in Intercultural Communication

This paper is designed to show the importance of kinesics for successful cross-culture communication and it is organized into five parts including the study on posture,movement,facial expression,eye contact and gesture.In the end,draw a conclusion that kinesics is of fundamental importance to one’s intercultural communication competence.It bridges gaps among people from different social and cultural backgrounds.One should develop kinesics and employ kinesics means to achieve successful communications.     

非言语因素在口译中的作用

为了准确快速地传达交谈者的思想感情,口译人员不仅要研究口译中的言语因素,还要研究非言语因素。本文从体态语和仪表等方面论述了非言语因素在口译中的作用。从体态语、空间语和时间语等方面对比分析了非言语因素的文化差异。同时就口译人员对非言语因素的理解和运用提出了一些方法。     

从非语言交际看文化价值

文化价值,它隐藏在思维深处,看不见摸不着,但时时刻刻影响着人们的行为。只要我们善于发现、观察并分析人们的一举一动,我们就可以发现一种文化最根本的态度和价值观。试图从非语言交际的身势、空间、时间、环境等各层面来分析不同民族非语言交际背后所潜藏着的深层的文化价值。     

非语言交际与文化差异

本就化、交际和跨化交际中的非语言交际形式进行探讨；从体距、体触、面部表情、目光、姿势、动作和副语言等方面论述了非语言交际在生活中的化差异以及论证了非语言交际在不同化人群生活中的重要性。     

浅谈跨文化交际中的非语言符号

非语言符号在跨文化交际中有重要意义，研究和使用非语言符号有助于我们的语言交际。它的表现形式主要有身势语、体距语、副语言、物体语言等。它在文学作品中广为应用，在外语教学中也应引起重视。     

身势语的负语用迁移

本主要通过对日本人典型的非语言行为(特别是日本人的微笑和哭泣等面部表情)的分析，重点讨论身势语在交际中的负语用迁移情况，试图找到在跨化交际中减少身势语负语用迁移的对策，从而促使交际的顺利进行。     

NONVERBAL CHANNELS USED TO ENHANCE INTAKE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

IntroductionNonverbalmcadriisanewfieldofstudyoninlyforforkinesics'Paraee,andbocs.hinesicsisascientificStudyofthefolongitems:1)Aperson'sapeeearance,includingthewhe/shewearsthe,hairandtw,isaxabotheare,buttheatdihabe,indiferensituaboorwhenwithdifhaenedefordibope.2)Posture,thewayoftaldingthebo,wheshabituallyordeliberatelyondi~occasbe.3),aghlWofactingedsotherpeople,isusuallydetaninedbyim'snatUre,chaIaCter,educadri,andalsovdriesfordifhan~~difhan~leinvdriunsituatirm.4)bo,theewofthehead,hands,m,sha…     

Understanding the Routine Expression of Deceptive Affection in Romantic Relationships

Studies suggest that individuals regularly communicate inauthentic affectionate messages to their romantic partners. Yet, most studies do not describe this process, what constitutes deceptive affection, or the functions involved. The study involved a 7-day diary in which participants recorded what they lied about, why they lied, and how they used affection to deceive their romantic partners. Results indicate that participants lied about their own feelings, feelings about their partners, or feelings about the situation. They communicated deceptive affection using verbal messages of confirmation or avoidance, and incorporated nonverbal cues of haptics, proxemics, and kinesics. Motives for the deception included face-saving, conflict management/avoidance, and emotion management. This study provides a clearer picture of how deceptive communication may support and maintain romantic relationships.     

The influence of technology-mediated and in-person communication on student satisfaction: The moderating role of national culture

This article analyses the effects of technology-mediated (i.e., social media) and in-person communication (i.e., non-verbal cues) on student satisfaction in a higher education context. Data were collected among 221 college students from the University of Valencia (UVEG) in Spain and analysed from the perspective of the respondents' national culture. Contrary to expectations, the results show that neither one of the social media aspects drives student satisfaction, thus providing support for the technology paradox literature. Instead, three non-verbal communication cues are found to influence student satisfaction, i.e., paralanguage, kinesics, and chronemics. The moderating role of national culture on the examined relationships is also considered. The results reveal that national culture seems to only affect the relationship between chronemics and satisfaction.     

技术进步对碳排放的影响——基于省际动态面板的经验研究

技术进步是影响碳排放的关键因素,分析技术进步对碳排放的影响为了解碳排放变化规律、制定减排政策提供了依据。利用数据包络分析方法测算了中国的技术进步情况,在此基础上实证检验了技术进步对碳排放的影响。结果发现,本期和上期技术进步负向影响碳排放,且本期影响要小于上期影响,即技术进步可以减少碳排放,但存在一定的时滞;人口和人均GDP与碳排放呈正相关关系,人均GDP和人口每增加1%,碳排放会分别增加0.284%和0.346%;同时,技术进步对碳排放的影响在地区间存在明显差异,东部和西部地区本期及上期技术进步减少了碳排放,中部地区本期和上期技术进步增加了碳排放。因此,为了实现减排目标,中国应重视技术进步的减排作用,大力发展低碳技术,同时要加强碳排放的监测和监管并注重增长的质量,限制高污染、高能耗产业的审批和转移。     

A Short Note on Interpretation in the Dual Change Score Model

The latent change score framework allows for estimating a variety of univariate trajectory models, such as the no change, linear change, exponential forms of change, as well as multivariate trajectory models that allow for coupling between two or more constructs. A particularly attractive feature of these models is that it is easy to decompose and interpret aspects of change. One particularly flexible model, the dual change score model, has two components of change: a proportional change component that depends on scores at the previous time point, and a constant change component that is additive. We demonstrate through simulation and an empirical example that in a correctly specified model, the correlation between the proportional change parameter and the mean of the constant change component can approach either ?1 or 1, thus complicating interpretation. We provide recommendations and code to aid researchers’ ability to diagnose this issue in their own data.     

地名词汇的历时变化及其社会动因——以涪陵地名为例

地名词汇的变化大致有三种情况:一是新地名的产生,二是旧地名的消亡,三是地名的更改。而导致地名变化主要有两个动因,一是地名的自然改变,一是地名的强制改变。社会变迁是地名词汇变化的动因,地名词汇则是社会变迁的晴雨表,二者息息相关、时时互动。     

The partnership between project management and organizational change: Integrating change management with change leadership

The nature of project management is change. Even though all knowledge areas in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) are rooted in controlling change, none of these areas specifically addresses the human elements of change. There is a significant distinction between directly controlling change relative to the nonhuman aspects of a project ( change control) and effecting change in the human dimensions of a project through leadership ( change leadership). This article characterizes the distinctive activities of change leadership and change control and their interrelationship throughout the project life cycle. Although distinct, change control and change leadership are interdependent and mutually supporting—both are needed to support project success.     

Florida and Puerto Rico Secondary Science Teachers’ Knowledge and Teaching of Climate Change Science

Misconceptions about climate change science are pervasive among the US public. This study investigated the possibility that these misconceptions may be reflective of science teachers’ knowledge and teaching of climate change science. Florida and Puerto Rico secondary science teachers who claim to teach extensively about climate change were surveyed in regard to their conceptions of climate change science and the climate change-related topics they teach. Results show that many teachers hold naïve views about climate change (e.g. that ozone layer depletion is a primary cause of climate change) and climate change science (e.g. that it must be based on controlled experiments for it to be valid). In addition, teachers in both groups neglect crucial topics such as how evidence for climate change is developed and the social, political, and economic dimensions of climate change. Our results suggest the need for teachers to understand how to teach climate change and the nature of climate change science using authentic contexts that promote effective socioscientific decision-making and climate change mitigation.     

A NEW THEORY OF EDUCATIONAL CHANGE – PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM: THE CASE OF THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

ABSTRACT:  This article argues for a new theoretical paradigm for the analysis of change in educational institutions that is able to deal with such issues as readiness for change, transformational change and the failure of change strategies. Punctuated equilibrium (Tushman and Romanelli, 1985) is a theory which has wide application. It envisages long-term change as being made up of a succession of long periods of relative stability interspersed by brief periods of rapid profound change. In the periods of stability only relatively small incremental changes are possible. The periods of transformational change may be triggered by external or internal influences. A recent study of the long-term process of internationalisation in higher education institutions shows evidence to support the theory: long periods of incremental change, events precipitating profound change and the failure of externally imposed attempts to change. Also, as the theory predicts, changes in collegial organisations are slower and more uncertain than changes in managed organisations.     

The perception of change in university departments

The purpose of this study is to identify perceptual differences between hierarchical levels in organizations in general and in university departments in particular, and to analyze their consequences on the relationships between the need for change, the implementation of change, and the assessment of the success of change.Three different models are developed and tested. The first model examines the amount of change in the various aspects of change at different types of departments. The second model examines the factor structure of the various actors in the system. The third model tests separately for each perceiver the magnitude of relationship between the different aspects of change and the success of change.The implications of the models and their empirical tests to future studies of organizational change are discussed and elaborated.     

论组织变革模式及领导者在变革中的主导作用

企业获得可持续的竞争优势的根本途径在于做出有效地变革,并持续鼓励创新。领导在一次成功的变革中,发挥着至关重要作用。他们应该加入最初的变更计划,引导和鼓励他们的同伴和员工,建立并描绘未来的愿景。人力资源管理专业有关变革和变革领导者关系的经典理论,以及变革领导者应具备的素质和特点对于组织变革都有深远的影响。     

论课程改革中的教师改变

教师改变与课程改革密切相关,是课程改革取得成功的内在动力。然而,教师对课程改革会表现出抵制和自愿改变两种倾向,这使教师改变具有了悖论性质。就其内涵而言,教师改变是一个多维度、多阶段过程,并且各维度之间存在着复杂的相互作用。在课程实施中,既要妥善管理实施的“步伐”,处理好教师渐进性改变和根本性改变的关系,又要从专业、资源、制度和文化入手为教师提供必要的支持,引领教师改变的方向。     

The Influence of Occupational Self-Efficacy on the Relationship of Leadership Behavior and Preparedness for Occupational Change

A theoretical framework for the relationship between preparedness for occupational change, occupational self-efficacy, and leadership is presented. Preparedness for occupational change is defined as the wish to acquire higher task demands (i.e. greater complexity) in the sense that employees have thought about change but have not yet acted to seek change. It explained why preparedness for occupational change is central prior to, during, and after organizational change is introduced. A model of determinants of preparedness for occupational change is established. The application of this model in different stages of organizational change is demonstrated. Central aspects in this model are self-efficacy and leadership. Self-efficacy influences preparedness for occupational change in the different stages. This effect is demonstrated using the three assumed outcomes of self-efficacy (i.e., initiation of behavior, persistence, and effort) and their relationship to preparedness for occupational change. It is assumed that perceived leadership influences occupational self-efficacy. Three factors influencing self-efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious learning, and verbal persuasion) are regarded as possibly being responsible for this effect. The implications of the model for organizational practice are discussed.     

凤翔方言的子变韵和D变韵

陕西凤翔方言既有自成音节的词缀“子”,41个韵母中又有39个可以生成子变韵,自成音节的词缀“子”和子变韵可以自由交替使用。凤翔方言的子变韵是长音型,与山西临猗、夏县和山东博山相同。凤翔方言阳平字的子变韵只是拖长音节,不变调;阴平、上声和去声的子变韵在拖长音节的同时还变调,变调调值与后字为轻声的两字组中的前字相同。凤翔方言中虚词“着、的、得”和实词“上”可省略,用前字的D变韵母表示。“的”“着”“得”“上”等字和D变韵可以自由交替使用。D变韵方式和子变韵相同,即音节拖长,阳平字不变调,阴平、上声和去声字同时还变调。