论信息创新原理

信息创新原理是最基本的、时信息创新有指导意义的规律。此原理有：信息需求创新原理、信息分层开掘创新原理、信息联系推理创新原理、信息相关联想创新原理、信息裂变辐射创新原理、信息交叉融合创新原理、信息相反相成创新原理、信息移植改造创新原理、信息综合统析创新原理。     

信息服务效用论

(一) 信息服务的概念,目前有许多种看法.一般认为:信息服务是以产品和劳务的形式向社会提供信息的劳动.它以信息资源的开发和利用为主要活动,包括信息采集、加工、处理、存储、传递、交换、使用以及与信息系统建设有关的各行各业.     

论信息的基本性质

信息是事物间相互反映着的一切特征差异及其变化，而一般认识论意义上的信息则是在人类的实践领域反映出的事物闾的特征差异及其变化。人类对信息认识和利用的演化进程表明，客观物质信息从自然状态进入到人的精神世界是一个由分散无序到高度集成有序的演进过程。根据信息存在和演化的系统层次可以把信息划分为两大类，即：原生态信息、人化态信息(包括：原始人化态信息、知识态信息、科学态信息和非科学态信息)，不同形态信息的性质都具有自身的特点，人化世界之外的原生态信息与人化态信息存在着巨大差异。     

信息辩正

现代社会,都爱用上“信息”这个字眼,什么“信息时代”、“信息社会”、“信息产业”等名词术语突兀而出,许多本来应该用文献或情报的称谓,也被抹掉了,换之以“信息”,似乎应时,光彩。究竟信息本质是什么?它有什么特征?它与知识、文献、情报、资料等概念存在什么样的关系?本文就此辩析一番,以正视听。(一)信息的本质特征当前,在信息本质的认识上,存在两种对立的观点。一种观点认为信息是“认识论中的第三者”,意即物质居首,精神次之,信息位三。其论据是:“如果物质和意识是绝对划分为两类的,它们中间没有任何过渡,没有任何中介,没有任何共同点,那么,它们之间就决不会有任何相互作用。”认为信息就是联系物质与精神的中介质,故而应该位居老三①。另一种相反的观点则认为:“信息的本质大体上可以理解为物质客体所固有的反应特征,它是物质客体之间相互联系、相互作用的一种形式。”其论据是:“信息又必定同物质和能量密切联系而实际存在着,它的储存和传递必须借助于运动着的物质载体”,并且指出“那种认为信息可以脱离物质的运动而独立存在的看法,……显然是违背事实的,是错误的。”②     

教育信息开发与服务探讨

从加快教育信息化进程出发,探讨教育信息的开发与利用、教育信息的深层次服务以及高素质教育信息人才的培养。     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

基于文献时间特征的学科主题演化分析方法研究 ——以图书情报学领域为例

在分析文献在不同研究阶段用词时间特征的倾向性基础上,提出一种基于主题模型的研究发展阶段识别方法。重点阐述该方法的构建过程,包括时间特征抽取、发展阶段界定、主题冷热变化分析等步骤。为验证该方法的有效性,针对词频统计法和主题模型方法在主题演化分析中的效果进行比较分析。结果表明,该方法能在识别主题热点和发展趋势的同时,有效地区分不同主题所反映的研究发展阶段。     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.