The increasing impact of economic conditions upon higher education enrollments

The effects of economic conditions upon higher education enrollments are specified nationally, regionally, and for an individual institution. It appears clear that since the early 1970s, about the time when studies began to report on the declining value of a college education, and when nontraditional students became a more significant factor in overall enrollments, potential students became much more sensitive to the opportunity costs of college attendance. As job opportunities increased, foregone earnings grew correspondingly, and enrollments turned down. Economic reversals were accompanied by enrollment upturns. Implications of this study for enrollment projections and planning are clear.     

Effects of social and economic factors on four-year higher-education enrollments in Virginia

Based on human capital theory, the demand for higher education is investigated within a statewide system. A multiple regression approach is applied to data that measure the following by geographic municipality (i.e., county or city): the ratio of high school graduates enrolled in a given institution to that institution's entering freshman enrollment (dependent variable); eligible population, academic ability, educational attainment, income level, wage rate, unemployment rate, cost of attendance, and local environment (independent variables). Using the SAS GLM procedure, various breakdowns of the demand function by institutional grouping are presented. Squared multiple correlations for the various models range from .3 to .5.Presented at the 22nd Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Denver, May 1982.     

回顾与反思:我国大学扩招十周年

从1999年我国大学扩招至今,已有十年的时间了。在这十年中,中国的高等教育走过了一条不平凡之路,实现了从精英教育向大众教育的转交。值此,全面回顾与总结大学扩招的成就与不足,对今后中国高等教育的发展显得尤为必要。     

Family background, school enrollments and wastage: evidence from Arab countries

Applying single and recursive bivariate probit models that utilize micro data sets of five countries, this paper examines the concatenation between school enrollments and family background. The empirical analysis captures considerable variations in the pattern of school enrollments and school wastage according to rural–urban locations and family background variables. Income gaps are powerful and interact with gender gap to produce differential school enrollment and wastage patterns. Access to credit partially redresses the adverse effects on school enrollments of negative household economic shocks. The findings call for more concerted government efforts to increase school enrollments and retention and to improve rural education particularly for females and the underprivileged.     

Replication of a path analysis model of secondary physics enrollments: 20 years later

The percentage of enrollment in physics (PEP) at the secondary level in the United States has been approximately 20% for the past few decades. In an attempt to isolate variables related to physics enrollment. Bryant (1977) conducted a path analysis model of secondary physics enrollment in New York State. This present study is a replication and extension of the study conducted by Bryant. Current data were used to verify the Bryant model and construct models with data available since Bryant's work. Data gathered by the New York State Education Department for the 1990–1991 school year were used. The source of this data included surveys completed by teachers and administrators on student characteristics and school facilities. A data analysis similar to Bryant's was conducted to determine whether the relationships between a set of predictor variables and physics enrollment had changed in the past 20 years. The findings indicate that there has been no change in the set of variables related to physics enrollment. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Curve smoothing using a continuous function

Current curve smoothing technologies provide a smoothed curve by joining together separate curves that have certain degrees of continuity at junctions. These technologies have found many applications in science and engineering. However, none of them can provide a smoothed curve using a single continuous function for arbitrary segmental curves. This paper reports a new approach that can be used to construct a single continuous function that joins an arbitrary number of different segmental curves, with the required degree of continuity at all junctions. The smoothness of transition at different junctions can be controlled by separate parameters to suit different needs. The combined continuous function can approach the original segmental functions asymptotically or match the original segmental functions “exactly” inside each segment by adjusting the smoothness parameter. This new approach may also find application outside the scope of curve smoothing/curving fitting in the future.     

智能化焦距仪中线阵CCD信号的小波平滑方法

由于CCD本身的散粒噪声以及外界环境的影响，采集到的信号往往有一定程度的失真和变形，存在许多“毛刺”，不利于数据的计算和分析。本文采用3次B样条小波对原始信号进行分解，对分解后的数据进行平滑处理，最后重构得到平滑信号。本文最后给出了对比试验结果以证明方法的有效性。     

在海大精神的鼓舞下

我是 2 0 0 1年九月底来到海大理工学院的 ,刚来就赶上了我校申本的这场战役。在海大精神的鼓舞下 ,我们工作小组建立了两个实验室 ,完成了申本教学计划的制定与修改。1 0月底校领导决定半个月内建成 1 3个实验室 ,其中我们学院要建 3个实验室 ,以我在普通高校的经验这是想也不敢想的事情。在建设实验室的工作中 ,校、院领导给了我们极大的信任 ,越是信任。我们树立了自信心 ,抓紧时间进行了广泛调研 ,确定建设方案 ,挑选信誉度高的厂家、公司 ,选择价廉物美的仪器设备 ,尽力为海大节约每一分钱。在建设实验室的工作中 ,校实验室建设领导小…     

高校图书馆个性化信息推送服务研究

分析了信息推送服务含义与特点,及信息推送服务的实现形式,针对目前高校图书馆信息推送服务的个性化研究状况,提出高校图书馆个性化信息推送服务开展的几点建议。     

预测天气

译文：我预测明天下雪！／第二天……,真的下雪了!,我预测明天刮风！／第二天……哇,土匪鼠。你太神了!／你预测一下明天的天气吧。     

高校人力资源管理效益提升空间探析——从评估方案生师比指标看高校编制功能开发

高校人力资源的管理效益,集中体现在人力资源投入的数量标准上,即生师比参数.这是国家教育行政主管部门和学校自身都非常关注的重要指标之一,因为它既涉及教育教学质量要求的最低人力资源投入标准,又与办学的经济效益密切相关.如何在满足前者要求的前提下,最大限度地提升人力资源效益空间,是一个值得探讨的理论问题和实践问题.教育部本科教学工作评估方案中规定了生师比参数的幅度和内涵,以此为据,探讨鳊制功能的充分开发,从量的角度提升高校人力资源管理效益的空间.     

马尔可夫预测模型及其在市场预测中的应用

Markov预测技术的特殊性在于不需要连续不断的历史资料和数据,而只需要最近和当前的动态资料,本文尝试在市场预测中建立马尔可夫预测模型并对产品市场占有率进行预测．     

The communication of laboratory investigations by university entrants

The purpose of the study reported here was to analyse the ways in which unversity entrant science students carry out and communicate experimental activities and to identify a model to explain characteristic communication practices. The study was prompted by a need to inform the development of an introductory laboratory course. The students studied shared an educational background characterised by a lack of experience with laboratory work and scientific writing. Seven groups of three students were studied. The investigative strategies of these groups were observed. Laboratory reports were used to identify the ways in which students communicated these strategies. Data are presented that show a discrepancy between the strategies used and those reported. The results suggest that: (i) students' perceptions of the purpose of a laboratory task influence their decisions on what to report; (ii) understandings of laboratory procedures greatly influence their decision on what to report and on how much detail to include in a report and; (iii) knowledge of discourse rules contributes to effective reporting. It is concluded that students' communication of an investigation results from the differential operation of various perceptual filters that determine both the procedural and discourse elements of their reports. It is recommended that the communication of science should be taught explicitly and alongside the procedures and concepts of science. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 839–853, 2000     

高校图书馆员的自学与业务水平的提高

本文分析了高校图书馆员的现状及图书馆现有的人力和财力条件,提出了一些提高自学效果的有效措施。     

Ease of grading and enrollments in secondary school science I. A model and its possible tests

Low enrollments in the physical sciences have been a professional concern for some time, primarily because of their adverse effect on the general education of high school students, but also because of their effect on the teaching of the physical sciences and their possible impact on vocational choice, notably that of potential teachers. A model that relates ease of grading in the sciences to science enrollments is presented. Its central assumption is that an appropriate measure of ease of grading in a science course is the discrepancy between students' grade values in the science course and their grade values in other academic subjects, averaged across students in the course. Consideration of possible tests of the model leads to the conclusion that the most sensible initial test will be provided by a correlational study of the effects of ease of grading, following the secondary career of students in a single graduating class from a number of high schools by using data in existing school records.