外语教师实践性知识研究的回顾与展望

教师知识研究者认识到教师经验以及体现于其中的实践性知识在教育教学中的重要价值,将教师的实践性知识作为教师专业发展的知识基础。西方国家不同路向的教师知识研究成果为中国外语教师实践性知识研究提供了有价值的借鉴,有助于教师实践性知识研究的深化与发展。与西方同类研究相比,中国外语教师实践性知识研究的视角有待进一步拓宽,要从理论层面和实践层面进行系统深入的梳理和实证研究。中国的外语教育有其独特的社会文化背景和教学传统,对教师实践性知识的研究要在借鉴已有理论的基础上,充分体现本土化特色,从澄清本体性问题、拓展研究视域和扎根实地研究等方面进行突破,加强教师实践性知识研究的整体建构,这对外语教育以及外语教师的专业发展具有重要价值。     

教师实践性知识研究对职前外语教师教育的启示

本文综述了国内外教师实践性知识的研究,指出教师实践性知识是教师专业发展的主要知识基础,在教师的专业发展中发挥着不可替代的作用。在此基础上,文章提出了教师实践性知识研究对职前外语教师教育的启示,即通过职前外语教师教育实践性课程体系的建立以促进职前外语教师实践性知识的获得,并进一步促进职前外语教师的专业发展。     

教学学术:高校外语教师实践性知识发展的重要途径

长期以来,高校外语教师专业化发展片面强调理论知识灌输,忽视实践性知识的发展,对实践性知识内在属性以及获取途径的研究匮乏。本文通过对实践性知识内涵的剖析,提出教学学术是高校外语教师实践性知识发展的重要途径,并根据HuberHutchings"教学学术四环节"的实践框架进一步探究教学学术对高校外语教师实践性知识发展的实际推动作用,为高校外语教师摆脱教学困境,向思辨型、探究型、学者型教师的专业化方向发展提供有效的思路和方法。     

外语教师实践性知识研究综述

随着教师实践性知识的相关研究的不断深入,外语教师实践性知识也开始引起研究者的关注。本文简要梳理了国内外关于外语教师实践性知识的相关研究,为今后的研究提供参考。     

中国大学外语教师实践性知识元表征探究

大学外语教师的实践性知识,是在复杂和非线性的系统中产生、丰富的,以动态和开放性的元表征生成并拓展,在矛盾和自适应性中不断发展变化。通过活动理论与复杂理论的视角研究大学外语教师,可以解析和探讨其部分现象、不同层次内涵和未必全面的实践性知识元表征。宏观认识大学外语教师的实践性知识的元表征,理解并把握外语学科知识的独特性,突出和强调大学外语教师的身份属性,可以为教师实践性知识提供新的研究方法和思路。     

外语教师实践性知识的叙事研究

对教师的实践性知识开展叙事研究是外语教学改革的需要,也符合"后方法"教育理念。国内的相关研究与外语教师教育、外语教师发展紧密联系在一起,针对某一种实践性知识进行微观研究。研究发现:教师早期的学习和个人生活经历是其实践知识的重要来源;教师所处的社会和工作环境、人际关系等因素对教师实践知识的形成有重大影响;教师培训对教师专业成长的影响力因人而异;同事、同行之间的合作和交流能促进教师实践知识的自我建构。     

实践性知识视角下的职前教师教育——以课例研究在职前外语教师教育课程中应用为例

实践性教师知识是教师教育教学能力的保障和体现.文章以实践性教师知识观为理论基础,探索课例研究与外语教师教育课堂的融合.在概述课例研究定义及方法的基础上,分析了基于课例研究的职前外语教师教育课堂的特征,提出课例资源建设原则以及详尽介绍课堂操作实践.     

基于学科教学知识的外语教师专业发展探析

学科教学知识是一种教师独有的知识,是学科知识和一般教学法知识的整合。外语学科教学知识作为外语教师教学的知识基础,具有专业性、个体性、建构性和实践性等特征。围绕外语教师专业发展的核心,要改变外语教师教育中学科教学知识缺失的状况,就要突出师范性,重视实践性,让教师在反思性实践中不断生成学科教学知识,促进专业发展。     

个人实践性知识合法化:外语教师专业发展的基础

激励教师从自身教育实践活动中寻求自我成长的源泉与动力,是实现教师开放持续的专业发展的基础.在外语教育领域中,外语教师的个人实践性知识作为教师专业发展的知识基础,仍然未能走向合法表现为:教育实践活动不受重视,教师的个人知识、实践知识被视为主观与不科学.教师的教学研究不能被列入学术研究.个人实践性知识的合法化不仅有利于成就外语教师发展,促进教师向反思型、研究型教师的转型,也会带来外语教学研究范式与外语教育观的转换.     

行动学习视角下外语教师实践性知识构建研究

参考Elbaz提出的教师实践性知识分析框架,以两位高校英语教师为个案,从行动学习的视角探究高校外语教师实践性知识的构建途径,以期为高校外语教师教育与专业发展提供相关启示。     

大学英语自主学习:教师信念与教师行为的视角

大学英语教学的终极目标之一是培养大学生自主学习的意识和能力。以往的研究关注自主学习理论的探讨以及影响自主学习的学习者因素,忽视教师这一重要主体是如何认识自主学习以及在实践中的具体情况和遇到的问题。事实上,一方面,教师对学生自主学习能力的培养有重要作用;另一方面,教师信念和教师行为又存在着不一致的情况,并会对学生的学习产生影响。本文采用问卷调查、课堂观察和访谈的综合研究方法,对西南某211高校的32名大学英语教师进行信念和行为的双向考察,研究结果表明大学英语教师对学生自主学习的信念和其教学行为之间存在脱节的现象。本文拟从教学方法和课型差异两方面论述产生这一现象的原因以及英语课程培养学生自主学习能力的特殊性,希望对教师教育、英语课程设置和教材编写等提供参考。     

How do teachers reason about their practice? Representing the epistemic nature of teachers’ practical knowledge

The present study focused on the epistemology of teachers’ practical knowledge by addressing the following research question: how do teachers attempt to reason about their practices and their practical knowledge? The results indicated that teachers supported their practical knowledge claims using the “practical argument”. Within this conceptual framework, they relied on contextual grounds that call for the fact that something should or should not be “done”, rather than something is “true” or “false”. Contextual grounds, then, were found to be backed up by two significant types of warrants: moral ethos, and “what works” notion. Depending on what kind warrants they used, teachers’ practical knowledge was interpreted to be based on two different epistemic statuses: “practicable” knowledge and “praxial” knowledge.     

高职教师信息化教学能力发展现状与提升策略研究

随着教育信息化的发展,信息技术在教育教学中广泛应用,教师的信息化教学能力要求也不断提高。为了解高职教师信息化教学能力发展现状及影响因素,提出相应对策,以湖南某高职院校为个案研究对象,采用问卷调查法,从信息化教学意识与态度、知识与技能、应用实践、培训 4 个方面,对该校专任教师进行信息化教学能力现状调查。调查结果表明,教师信息化教学设施掌握程度、信息化教学实践效果、信息化教学环境建设等是影响高职院校教师信息化教学能力发展的主要因素。提出建立分层次培训体系、设置激励考评机制、完善信息化教学基础设施等策略,以促进教师信息化教学能力提高。     

Pre-service teachers’ use of the objective knowledge framework for reflection during practicum

This empirical study, conducted in a Canadian university, argues that the objective knowledge growth framework (OKGF), a self-directed reflective approach, can contribute to the professional development of pre-service teachers in dealing with the complexities of teaching. The paper seeks to answer the following research question: How do pre-service teachers use the OKGF as a self-directed professional development tool to solve teaching practice issues that arise during their practicum? It offers a critical analysis of 24 pre-service teachers’ use of the OKGF, as well as the trends in their application and interpretation of the OKGF in solving issues of teaching practice during practicum.     

Disrupting deficit notions of difference: Counter-narratives of teachers and community in urban education

The author reports on research conducted of teachers and their instruction in a US urban public school, with narrative and counter-narrative employed as analytic tools. Central questions guiding the study included: How do teachers’ counter-narratives and experiences influence them in their urban school classrooms? How do teachers’ multiple and varied identities, especially their racial and cultural backgrounds, emerge in their counter-narratives and in their conceptions of and representations of their teaching? And how do teachers’ stories “counter” ways of knowing urban education in the US and influence their interactions with their students and the learning opportunities available in their classrooms? The evidence in the study suggests that although teachers in urban schools may employ pedagogical and curricular tools that differ from many mainstream classrooms, different does not necessarily mean deficit or deficient. The study does not present a romanticized version of the school or those in it; the teachers and students in the study experience adversity and difficulty as is the case with teachers and students in other contexts. However, implications are drawn from the teachers’ successful practices in urban schools to counter, disrupt, and interrupt pervasive discourses that only focus on the negative characteristics of teachers and students in urban schools.     

Teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical changes during various stages of professional development

This study examines teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical changes regarding various teaching strategies concerning students, content, and the teacher’s educational orientation. Teachers’ attitudes toward such changes are examined at different stages of their professional development. The research question is: To what extent do teachers at different stages of professional developments hold different attitudes toward pedagogical changes?The participants were 520 teachers in primary schools, junior high schools, and high schools.Findings indicate significant differences between teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical changes during different stages in their professional development.Data accumulated can guide policy-makers in creating programs for greater efficiency at educational institutions.     

大学英语教师教育技术发展调研分析——以南京地方高校为例

教育信息化已成为当今高校教育教学改革和发展的主旋律。深化大学英语教学改革要求高校外语教学与现代信息技术的深度融合,而大学英语教师的教育技术能力是重要指标之一。本研究旨在为《大学英语教学指南》的制定和实施提供相关数据和分析,针对南京地方高校的校本情况编制了“教育信息化背景下高校英语教师教育技术能力现状及发展调查问卷”。根据问卷数据分析结果提出五点建议：1）结合高校自身实际情况,建立和完善高校英语教师教育技术能力培训和进修制度;2）在培训内容设置上要注重教育信息化理论与大学英语教学实践的整合;3）采取灵活多样的培训模式和教学方法;4）以教师为主体、以任务为驱动;5）建立以学科教师、教育技术专家和学科专家共同组成的学习共同体。     

From chalk to keyboard in higher education classrooms: changes and coherence when integrating technological knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge

Abstract

The European Higher Education Area has promoted reconsidering the role played by teachers at universities. Faculties are expected to design learning activities that promote the acquisition of competencies among students. In this context, technologies have garnered prominence as they contribute to creating student-centred learning environments. This study answers these research questions: (1) To what extent has university teaching changed with the implementation of digital technologies in university classrooms? What technology-based learning activities are incorporated in instructional designs by the teachers? (2) How does the faculty describe the integration of technological knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge when designing and developing technology-based learning activities? (3) According to university teachers, which other factors (intrinsic or extrinsic) determine the use of digital technologies in their learning designs? To answer these questions, we have collected data from two differentiated samples of university teachers using the Inventory of Learning Activities with Technology at the University and semi-structured interviews. First, the results reveal that teachers use technologies to carry out learning activities focusing on the content and the teacher. Student-centred learning activities are only timidly being incorporated. Second, the extent to which such activities are implemented is linked to the teachers’ techno-pedagogical content knowledge. Third, the factors that facilitate or inhibit teachers from using technologies in the teaching–learning process respond to intrinsic aspects, such as teachers’ knowledge and beliefs, but also to extrinsic and contextual issues, such as the discipline taught or institutional policy at the university regarding the use of educational technologies.     

The Mapping of a Framework: Critical Race Theory and TESOL

In this article, I attempt to elucidate some key intersections between critical race theory (CRT) in synthesis with English language learning as a way to examine linguistic and racial identity in English language teaching. I ask: How does critical race theory apply to English language learners when language rather than race is fore-grounded? What aspects of CRT would assist in theorizing the relationship between language and race for teachers of English to speakers of other languages? In looking to CRT to inform and expand critical approaches to English language teaching, I hope to more closely tie English language learning to issues of race as a way to better understand the intersectionality of these identity factors in the educational context of language teaching and learning. Such inquiry could work to broaden teachers’ knowledge of the ways that linguistic and racial membership inform student learning, and raise awareness about the range of perspectives and cultural interpretations that linguistic minorities may hold.     

大学英语教师的知识建构与专业发展

大学英语教师的专业发展过程,即是教师在教学实践中不断对其原有知识进行建构和重新建构的过程。本文从大学英语教师知识结构调查入手,重点讨论两个问题：1）大学英语教师如何在教学实践过程中建构自己的知识框架以实现专业发展;2）在职教师教育应采取哪些措施,推动知识的建构过程,促进教师的成长与发展。