兼爱与非攻：破译墨家之法

<正>【专题解释】春秋战国是中国古代思想、文化最为辉煌灿烂的时代。先秦诸子,百家争鸣,墨家是其中非常重要而又异常独特的一家。本专题通过精读《兼爱》,联读《非攻(节选)》,分析墨子论述"兼爱"对于治理天下的重要性,梳理践行"兼爱"之道的具体方法。【预习任务】1.说说你所了解的墨子及墨家主张。查阅相关资料,增加对墨子及墨家的了解。     

墨子教育思想简析

先贤墨子是继孔子之后中国教育史上又一位伟大的教育家,《吕氏春秋》称他"弟子弥丰,充满天下",墨子开创的墨家学派也是战国时期的"显学"。墨子的教育思想,是中国教育史上的一朵奇葩,是古代教育思想史上的重要组成部分。其思想内容博大精深,有很多值得认真研究的精髓。     

墨子节用经济思想研究

在中国传统文化中,儒学与墨学在先秦并称为显学,而在汉代"独尊儒术"之后,墨学逐渐沉寂下来,以至几乎成为绝学.实际上,不论从历史上或是从现实上说,墨家思想都是我们建设社会主义事业的一笔宝贵的精神财富,借鉴墨家学说具有重大现实意义,因为它比借鉴儒家学说更能贴近当代社会主义经济及政治发展的要求.墨家学派的创始人墨子提出的节用思想对当今社会发展具有现实作用.     

第三届墨学国际研讨会述要

由中国墨子学会、山东大学、山东省人民政府、山东省社科联等单位联合主办的第三届墨学国际研讨会于1997年8月20日至23日在山东济南隆重召开.120余位海内外专家学者应邀出席会议.会议共收到学术专著13部、学术论文近百篇.学者们就以下论题进行了热烈讨论:一、墨学与其他诸子学派的关系及在齐鲁文化中的重要地位有学者将墨子思想与先其而生的晏婴思想加以比较,认为墨子的诸多进步思想,如反对不义之战、反对厚葬久丧等都从晏婴思想中汲取了“营养”.有学者将墨子与稍后的孟子作比较,从二者宇宙观、政治观、审美观的异同入手探讨.认为孟子在对墨家学派进行批判的同时,对墨家思想亦有所继承和借鉴.另有学者从孟子所处社会背景及其治世主张出发,指出孟子在建构自己的学说时对墨学有所吸取和继承,主要表现在认识、解决问题的方法和思想观点两个方面,这种吸取和继承是非自觉的.有学者认为《尚书》虽是儒家的根本经典,但其流传与编辑都与墨子有着很大关系.有学者指出,儒家经典《礼运》篇中的“大同”、“小康”思想,是由墨子学说演化而来的.与会学者一致认为,齐鲁大地的文化土壤孕育了墨学,而墨学作为齐鲁文化的一个子系统,又以其独特的思想及成就转而丰富了齐鲁文化的宝库,并在其中占据着十分重要而特殊的     

论墨家思想的理论基础

墨家学说为先秦之"显学",富有独创精神,在学术史上占有非常重要的地位.对墨子的"十论"思想体系做了综合分析,认为墨子从平等观出发,在人际交往原则中主张"兼相爱,交相利",在政治思想中主张"非攻"、"尚同"、"尚贤",在经济思想中主张"节用"、"节葬"、"非乐",从而论证了墨家思想的理论基础是平等观.     

关于墨子“非儒”与孟子“辟墨”

墨子"非儒"与孟子"辟墨"是先秦思想史上重要的学术公案。学者大多注意到了儒墨相互否定与排拒的一面,但对在批评中接受对方的另一面则关注较少。事实上,墨子学于儒家,所以"非儒"才能切中要害。墨子若学儒不深,则其非儒则无力,影响也难以超越儒家。孟子的"辟墨"更是如此。他要首先深入墨家思想,然后才能作出深刻的批判。他接受了墨家的天的至善性,把天与人贯通起来,否定了其外在的宗教意义;他批评墨子的兼爱是"无父",指出其实质是把亲人当路人,击中了墨家兼爱思想的要害,大大丰富了仁爱思想的内涵;他在对抗墨子的"非乐"思想中,大力倡导"与民同乐",使"乐"成为君民共享的社会财富;他在批判墨子"非命"思想的同时,以"浩然之气"的大丈夫风范,积极倡行儒家学说,并以"与时俱变"的姿态超越了墨子。孟子的辟墨表现出否定和接受、排拒和融合、对抗和超越相统一的特征。结果,墨学精华尽入于儒;此后,墨家再无反击之力。     

墨子“先质而后文”的文艺美学观

引言对于先秦诸派,我们知道更多的是以孔子为首的以"仁"为思想核心的儒家学派和以老子为首的以"道"为思想核心的道家学派,而往往忽视了以墨子为首的以"兼爱"为思想核心的墨家学派。由于墨子和墨家学派代表的是社会下层小生产劳动者的利益和思想,而这恰恰是与封建时代专制集权的统治思想相悖的,所以在两千多年的帝制时期墨家失去了先秦那种"孔席不暖,墨突不黔"的显学风光,被弃之如敝屣。导致对墨家的研究越来越少,并且对墨家思想的理     

墨家的法律思想

一、墨子、墨家和《墨子》墨子是战国时期显赫一时的墨家学派创始人。公元前五世纪鲁国人(一说宋国人)。早年曾从学于儒。《淮南子·要略训》说他“学儒者之业,受孔子之术,以为其礼烦扰而不悦,厚葬靡财而贫民,(久)服伤生而害事,故背周道而用夏政。”创立了一个自成体系的学派——墨家学派。墨子出身于小手工业者,知识渊博,手工技艺精湛,其弟子也多半为来自社会下层的手工业者。他们对于民生的疾苦,有着深切的了解,以为民兴利除害为自己的历史使命。墨子     

墨子管理思想的现代价值

墨子(约公元前468-前376年),名翟,鲁国人,是中国历史上一位卓越的思想家和身体力行的实践家.纵观体现墨家文化思想学说的<墨子>一书,几乎包罗了当时可能取得的各种知识,涉及到哲学、伦理、管理、教育以及自然科学的各个门类,堪称"百科全书".本文从管理学的视角去考察<墨子>书中丰富的管理思想,期望能为中国企业的当代管理寻获一些启示.     

墨子“非乐”思想探究

"非乐"是墨子学说的重要内容之一,理解"非乐"思想有助于我们更深刻而全面地了解墨家思想。"非乐"思想异于儒家的"倡乐",因而在倡导儒学的时代易被误解和冷落,但深究其内涵,结合其产生的社会状况和思想基础,便能理解"非乐"思想的深刻内涵及墨子的美学思想和政治理想,并对我们的当代社会生活有诸多启发。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.