化学工业中的纳米技术

纳米技术正全力推动着化学工业未来的发展。随着一些纳米技术的工业产品问世以及所显示出的诱人前景,现在“纳米技术”已经成为家喻户晓的名词。     

化学工业中的纳米技术

纳米技术正全力推动着化学工业未来的发展。随着一些纳米技术的工业产品问世以及所显示出的诱人前景,现在“纳米技术”已经成为家喻户晓的名词。     

金属DNA纳米线的制作方法

DNA分子的独特的双螺旋结构,使得DNA具有热力学上的稳定性、线性的分子结构及机械性等特征,是作为制备金属纳米线的理想模板。通过以DNA为模板形成金属纳米线,提高了DNA导电性,使得DNA分子作为纳米导线构筑纳米器件成为可能,在构筑生物纳米器件的领域会有广阔的应用前景。     

Engineering Stable Hollow Capsules

Scientists at the CAS Instituteof Chemistry have been succeededin fabricating stable hollow capsulesby extending covalent layer-by-layerself-assembly (CSA) technique from2-dimensional to 3-dimensionalsystems.Hollow capsules at microme-ter and nanometer levels could becoaxed into artificial cells, which areused, among other things, for thesimulation of bio-chemical reactionsin the building blocks of most or-ganisms in nature, for they are moreeasily manageable than the real cells.In 1998 H. …     

病毒与纳米技术

一提到病毒,大多数人就会联想到感冒、发烧、打喷嚏,或者是计算机运行速度变慢、乃至系统瘫痪等等。换句话说,在多数人眼中,病毒简直就是危害人类健康或计算机安全的害群之马。然而,近些年来,伴随纳米技术的出现,已使得上述状况发生了改变,某些病毒已经能够为我所用,并有望在未来的微电子、医学等领域成为人们的得力帮手。     

DNA—纳米粒子自组装胶体可带来智能材料

瑞士联邦理工学院(EPFL)和英国剑桥大学科学家最近合作开发出一种技术,用DNA链给纳米粒子涂上一层涂层,能控制并引导两种不同胶体的自动组装。这种胶体粒子可用于制造新奇的自组装材料,如智能递药补丁、随光变色的新奇涂料等。相关论文发表在《自然.通讯》杂志上。     

Self-fabrication of 3D Patterns on Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Films

Because of its outstanding performance, an aligned nanotube film with micropatterns has been a research focus in the field of nano-science and technology. Although quite a number of researchers have been successful in constructing such patterns, the precondition for the success, until recently, is to obtain the patterned substrates in advance.A research group at the CAS Institute of Chemistry (ICCAS) has succeeded in self-assembly of threedimensional (3-D) micropatterns on aligned carbon nanotube films.     

中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所(筹)

中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所(简称苏州纳米所),是中国科学院、江苏省人民政府、苏州市人民政府在苏州共同筹建的科研机构。组建的意义：发展纳米技术已成为许多国家提升国家核心竞争力的战略选择,也是我国有望实现跨越式发展的重要领域。该所     

DNA计算在信息安全领域的影响与应用

基于DNA纳米技术的各种超分子体(功能单元),能实现信息存储、计算、移动和靶向送药等功能,其纳米结构的控制精度达到了原子级。基于DNA纳米技术的信息存储和计算模式,具有高度并行性、高密度和低能耗,天生适用于大量信息的存储和并行处理。面对这种新兴的计算模式,人们研究和开发了各种计算模型,讨论其对传统密码体系的影响和DNA存储信息的安全问题,包括密钥搜索、信息加密、信息隐藏及认证等。文章综述了基于DNA纳米技术的各种计算模型对传统加密算法的影响,概述了利用DNA纳米技术进行加密解密、认证签名的方案和技术,总结了当前基于DNA纳米技术的信息安全领域研究中存在的问题并展望了DNA计算及其在信息安全和存储领域的应用前景。     

纳米技术及其前景

通过对纳米尺度上控制物质，材料、器件和系统呈现出新颖的物理，化学和生物特性及现象，纳米技术的目柰是开发和利用这些特性和现象，介绍了纳米技术的概念，典型的纳米技术，纳米技术中需要研究的基础科学问题，纳米技术的研究手段，纳米技术的应用，以及纳米技术的前景。     

纳米技术在工业设计中的应用

纳米技术已被应用到各个领域,本文例举说明纳米技术在工业设计中的应用,并指出在将来的工业设计仍扮演很重要的角色,会被广泛应用。     

Community Participation in Australian Science and Technology Policy: The Case of Nanotechnology

Abstract

Nanotechnology is widely considered to offer enormous competitive advantages to those countries that possess the knowledge and capacity to harness its potential. As in many other countries, Australia’s nanotechnology policy is in its infancy and lags international research in the field. We examine the role of community engagement in the development of nanotechnology in Australia, and argue that if Australia is to establish a sustainable nanotechnology policy, then it must broaden its perspective and more carefully consider the social, ethical and environmental aspects of nanotechnology. We support the goal of shared economic growth through technological advancement; however, this seems unlikely as long as the Australian government persists with what is essentially a technical and socially exclusive approach to stimulating innovation in nanotechnology. While opposition to nanotechnology is still ‘thin on the ground’, it is starting to emerge and the Commonwealth and State governments would do well to treat it with respect.     

纳米科学与技术之间的联系:基于学术型发明人的分析

本文聚焦于从事纳米研究的学术型发明人,即大学中同时具有国际期刊论文作者和专利发明人双重身份的研究人员(author-inventor),他们是联结纳米科学与纳米技术的纽带.通过比较学术型发明人和非学术型发明人的论文数量、被引频次和H指数,本文发现学术型发明人的研究绩效显著高于纯学术研究者,并且在高产作者和高影响力作者行列中占有更高的比例.本文使用负二项回归模型分析了专利活动对于学术型发明人研究绩效的作用,发现专利数量对于论文数量呈正向作用,但对论文质量有副作用.最后,本文给出了相关政策建议.     

Nanotechnology for the management of COVID-19 during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era

Following the global COVID-19 pandemic, nanotechnology has been at the forefront of research efforts and enables the fast development of diagnostic tools, vaccines and antiviral treatment for this novel virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we first summarize nanotechnology with regard to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, including nanoparticle-based techniques such as rapid antigen testing, and nanopore-based sequencing and sensing techniques. Then we investigate nanotechnology as it applies to the development of COVID-19 vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomaterials. We also highlight nanotechnology for the post-pandemic era, by providing tools for the battle with SARS-CoV-2 variants and for enhancing the global distribution of vaccines. Nanotechnology not only contributes to the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provides platforms for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, vaccines and antiviral drugs of possible future virus outbreaks.     

纳米科技引领绿色印刷新时代——变革性纳米产业制造技术聚焦纳米绿色印刷与器件制造技术项目研究进展

发展纳米制造技术是从纳米材料到器件规模化制造与应用发展的核心内容。传统的印刷技术主要是基于感光和刻蚀工艺,造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费。绿色印刷是一种增材制造技术,可以从源头大幅度降低能耗和减少环境污染。开发绿色印刷制造技术对我国相关产业的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。同时,绿色印刷制造与传统微纳加工方法的结合,为器件的制造与集成提供了新的可能途径与方法,可望对产业制造技术产生变革性影响。文章介绍了纳米绿色印刷与器件制造技术项目的研究背景、项目目标与实施概况,以及已经取得的创新成果。     

科研信息化助力合理药物设计新发展

大数据时代,超级计算机促进了合理药物设计研发,这种药物研究模式的转变推动了创新新药发现又一个春天的到来。科研信息化基础设施的升级,包括高性能计算机处理器技术的不断更新,新的资源模式的出现,使得超算技术与计算生物学、计算化学密切结合,进一步为传统的药物发现和计算机辅助药物设计增添了新功能,加速了分子动力学模拟和虚拟筛选等的研究进程。文章从药物设计学方法研究、药代动力学模型设计和药物设计方法的具体应用三个方面对当今合理药物设计领域的新发展进行了评述,详尽阐释了科研信息化在提高效率、降低成本、加快进程、管控风险及提升研发价值和创新能力方面的优势。     

基于核酸的信息安全技术研究现状及发展建议

由于具有巨大并行计算能力、海量信息存储密度及超低能耗等优势,近年来,核酸分子在分子计算、数据存储以及信息安全等研究领域广受关注。特别作为基于数学难题的、传统的密码理论与技术的有益补充,以核酸为信息载体的数据隐藏、认证、加密等信息安全技术极富发展前景。文章在介绍基于核酸的加密、隐藏及认证技术原理的基础上,详细论述了该领域国内外的最新研究成果,并对我国如何发展基于核酸的信息安全技术的研究提出了建议。     

ON THE POTENTIAL,REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANUFACTURING

Recent and prospective advances in information technology have generated growing interest in its potential. To its enthusiastic promoters, information technology is a ‘good thing’ and hence more is obviously better. But increasing experience with information technology during the past twenty years emphasises that it covers a wide variety of capabilities, absorbs substantial resources and affects operations in other important ways. Hence, to ensure effective exploration and utilisation of information technology, management must assess its potential contributions, requirements and costs, as well as other significant effects.