Considering the role of invitations to inquiry in scienceteaching and in teacher education

Conclusion Invitations to inquiry have been shown to be not only an interesting and effective way of teaching science as inquiry by inquiry, but also as a highly effective means for teacher education. It is recommended that institutions which employ the classic model of microteaching (Allen and Ryan, 1969) revise their approach and adopt a more holistic approach such as the one described here. This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Joseph J. Schwab, a master of science teacher education and a curriculum scholar whose ideas continue to illuminate classroom practice.     

Overcoming Obstacles: Approaches to Dealing with Problem Pupils

Hayley Martin, Teacher of Physical Education at Beacon Community College, Crowborough, and Sid Hayes, Senior Lecturer in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Sports and Leisure, University of Brighton, consider the effects of feedback to pupils, and identify successful strategies for dealing with problem behaviour.     

Where and When do Speech and Langauge Therapists Work with Teachers?

Jannet A. Wright, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Human Communication Science, University College, London, and Jackie Graham, Advisory Teacher, Hertfordshire, investigate the context in which collaborative working practices exist between teachers and speech and language therapists, and explore the benefits of such professional partnerships.     

Tourette Syndrome: a Training Day for Teachers

Recent research indicates that Tourette syndrome is more prevalent than was once thought and that teachers in most mainstream schools are likely to encounter pupils displaying the characteristics of Tourette syndrome. Research also indicates that these characteristics, and the range of responses that may be appropriate, are not well understood by school staff. In this article, Dr Uttom Chowdhury, Consultant Child Psychiatrist at the CAMHS Academic Unit in Dunstable and Honorary Child Psychiatrist at the Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, and Dr Deborah Christie, Consultant Clinical Psychologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Services at University College London and Middlesex Hospitals, describe a training day for teachers facilitated by members of the Tic Disorders Clinic at Great Ormond Street Hospital. The day provided a mix of information–giving and discussion of current practice. Uttom Chowdhury and Deborah Christie relate the outcomes of the day to their own professional knowledge and experience and offer an interesting agenda for further developments.     

“Depend On,Rely On,Count On”: Economic Subjectivities Aboard <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Polar Express</Emphasis>

Christmas literature and film produced for children is an important, albeit under-researched, site for the production of cultural values and norms. This paper analyses Chris Van Allsburg’s 1985 picture book The Polar Express, the 2004 Warner Brothers feature film of the same title, the film’s official website, and resources for teachers distributed online by Houghton Mifflin, considering how these texts construct childhood subjectivities in economic terms. The argument made is that nostalgic depictions of ordered, middle-class lifestyles, the representation of social class inequalities as immutable structural norms, and signifiers of corporate capitalism, together locate childhood and child subjectivities as inexorably tethered to socio-economic circumstance and experience. Dr. Sue Saltmarsh is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Teacher Education at Charles Sturt University, Australia, where she lectures in Cultural Politics of Education and Qualitative Research Methods. Sue’s recent work concerns the ways that cultural texts and practices construct children and childhood in economic terms, utilising poststructuralist theory as a lens through which to explore the discursive production of economic subjectivities.     

Reviews

Geoffrey Squires Dr. Squires is attached to the Centre for Educational Technology at the University of Sussex. Permanent Education , by Bertrand Schwartz, Martinus Nijhoff
J. H. Bescoby Mr. Bescoby is Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations in the Faculty of Applied Science at the University of Newcastleupon-Tyne Efficiency in Universities —The La Paz Papers edited by Keith G. Lumsen.
M. J. Walker Mr. Walker is a lecturer in the University of Oxford, Department of Educational Studies. Educational Technology in Curriculum Development by Derek Rowntree.
Tom Davies Mr. Davies is Head of Audio Visual Services at Humphries Film Laboratory. Your Film and the Lab , by L. Bernard Happé.     

A Test of Pupil Preference for Problem-Solving Situations in Junior High School Mathematics

The goals of this study were to determine the effectiveness of the minicourse model in changing student Teacher behavior and to estimate the effects of the microteaching format and use of videotape feedback within this model. Feedback and practice in the microteaching format were manipulated with four groups of student teachers while a fifth group served as a control.

Eleven behaviors were scored for the four treatment groups on pre-course and post-course videotapes. Eighteen of the resulting comparisons were significant beyond the . 01 level and three beyond the . 05 level in the desired direction. Three of the eleven control group gains were significant at the . 05 level. Treatment groups hat did not receive videotape feedback and did not practice in the microteaching format were not significantly different than groups that did.     

What Katy did: a case study in communication between a pupil with severe learning difficulties and non-disabled classmates

The British Journal of Special Education has contributed substantially to debates on the principles and practice of integration. Dr Ann Lewis, Senior Lecturer in Education at the University of Warwick, extends that work by providing evidence about the quality of interaction in a setting in which special and mainstream pupils worked regularly together over the school year. This case study highlights the complexity of such contexts and the difficulties in successfully fostering equal and complementary roles. She highlights the sensitivity, but dominance, of the mainstream children when working with special school work partners, who, although actively involed in the interaction, tended to take subservient roles.     

“国培计划”实施十年:历程、经验与展望

2010年我国全面启动实施了"国培计划"。十年来,"国培计划"历经了起步与探索、反思与转型两个阶段,培训了超过1500万名教师,大大提高了教师队伍的综合素质。"国培计划"取得显著成效的基本经验包括:坚持促进教育公平的价值基础,坚持提升教师素质的目标导向,坚持及时反馈不断创新的顶层设计,坚持项目管理为主的推进方式,坚持输血不如造血的培训理念。展望未来,"国培计划"应促进多方联动,注重内在实效并深化专业化程度。     

Whatever happpened to precision teaching?

Sophie Kessissoglou, Research Associate, and Peter Farrell, Senior Lecturer in Education, at the University of Manchester, remind practitioners of the effectiveness of precision teaching and report on a small scale study which offers a level of evaluation not previously recorded in Britain.     

Bridging the Communication Gap (for Pupils with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties)

Tina Detheridge, a Senior Lecturer at Westminster College, Oxford, suggests that, by using information technology, some pupils are able to generate unambiguous signals which, used in social contexts, stimulated interaction and enhanced communication. The work undertaken further highlighted criteria for the successful use of IT in such contexts.     

The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in children attending a school for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties

The research presented in this article suggests that young people attending schools for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties are more likely to experience concurrent psychiatric disorders (comorbidity) than their peers in mainstream schools. Dr Cassidy (Consultant in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry), Dr James (Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) and Dr Wiggs (Research Psychologist) used questionnaires and interviews with parents and teachers, together with pupil self-reporting, to gather their data. The two-stage investigation suggested that 89% of the adolescents in one school for pupils with EBD met established criteria for the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. Conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) emerged as the most common psychiatric difficulties, but emotional disorders were also prominent in the data. These untreated problems are likely to have significant long-term implications for the psychological and educational development of the pupils concerned, and the authors speculate on some of the ways in which psychiatric and education services might work together in order to improve the outlook.     

Microteaching: end of a research era?

This chapter provides a brief review of the development and use of microteaching. Research on modelling, practice, and feedback is reviewed and studies of the overall outcomes of microteaching are set against a discussion of conceptual models underlying microteaching. It is argued that despite the many published investigations of microteaching, few definite conclusions can be drawn about its effectiveness. This is attributed to lack of theory-guided investigations, and it is suggested that a synthesis of cognitive models for microteaching with recent work on teachers' thought processes might provide a profitable approach to future work.     

The Effect of Selected Media Feedback upon the Interactive Behavior of Student Teachers

Abstract

The problem involved in this study was to ascertain whether student teachers receiving supervisory feedback with the aid of video and/or audio tape replay demonstrate a greater change in their classroom verbal interactive behavior than student teachers who receive supervisory feedback with no video or audio feedback. Evidence indicates that those receiving video feedback utilize less “direct teaching influence” and more “indirect teaching influence” as categorized by Flanders’ Verbal Interaction Analysis System, Within the audio group, the magnitude of change in the student teachers’ instructional behavior was not statistically significant. The magnitude of the directional change was greater for those students receiving video or audio recorded feedback than the magnitude of change in the control group.     

The home instruction program for preschool youngsters: An alternative for early intervention

The Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) is a home-based program in which paraprofessionals from the community teach parents how to use structured educational materials to enrich the education of their four- and five-year-old children. HIPPY was developed in 1969 by Dr. Avima Lombard of the National Council of Jewish Women Research Institute at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It has since become a national program in Israel for disadvantaged families and their preschool children.Arlene Brett is Associate Professor in the School of Education, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL     

微格教学:提高师范生教学技能的有效方法

微格教学在世界各国的师范教育中已得到广泛运用.教学语言,重点训练;设计教案,逐格实践;回放录像,反馈指导;总结不足,重新试教是提高师范生教学技能的有效途径.     

A test of a linear programming model as an optimal solution to the problem of combining methods of reading instruction

Traditional research on the methods used in teaching developmental reading at the higher educational levels has focused on either an examination of one method or a comparison of different methods. An important problem which has been largely ignored is that of developing rationales and methods for combining different methods on an individualized basis. Linear programming provides a mathematical model for determining an optimal combination of available methods in accordance with the student's original levels of input, expected gains, and goals. The study reported herein tested an application of the Linear Programming Model at the Reading Clinic of Drew University. Results, while not conclusive, indicate that this approach yields greater gains in speed scores than a traditional approach for this population.This study was made possible by a grant from the ESSO Education Foundation to Drew University of Madison, N. J. Part of this presentation is adapted from an earlier statement of the problem (Hershkowitz et al., 1969). An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Operations Research Society of America, 41st National Meeting.Currently, Associate Professor in the Psychology Department; was Director of the Reading Clinic at the time of the study.Chairman of the Psychology Department.Currently, Senior Scientist of the Planning Systems Division, Operations Research, Incorporated; was Project Manager for Educational Research and Evaluation, Automation Industries, Incorporated, Vitro Laboratories Division, at the time of the study.     

基于Transana平台的教师专业发展可视化分析案例研究

我国教师专业发展大都采用口头阐述和笔录方式进行定性描述,而对于教师专业发展的可视化分析比较少。文章利用国外的Transana平台,结合Flanders课堂观察定量分析法,根据TIMSS-R课堂教学信息编码的两个维度对精品课程的一个视频课例进行分析,为执教教师提供一种可视化分析模式和平台。     

Mental health and special educational needs: exploring a complex relationship

The relationship between mental health and special educational needs is both complex and misunderstood. In this article, Richard Rose, Professor of Special and Inclusive Education, Marie Howley, Senior Lecturer, Ann Fergusson, Senior Lecturer, and Johnson Jament, a PhD student, all from the Centre for Special Needs Education and Research directed by Richard Rose at the University of Northampton, discuss findings from a national research project which explored the perceptions of pupil mental health needs by staff working in residential special schools. Teachers and other professional colleagues often feel ill-prepared to address mental health difficulties experienced by their pupils. This is, at times, exacerbated by a wider confusion when atypical behaviours are attributed to a diagnosed learning difficulty rather than being recognised as symptomatic of a mental health problem. The article suggests a need for clarification of the relationship between complex special educational needs and mental health and for increases in training opportunities and the development of resources for teaching about and supporting mental health and emotional well-being.     

体育教育专业体操普修课“微格教学”的设计与实践

微格教学是美国斯坦福大学艾伦博士等人创立的培养师范生课堂教学技能的方法,它是由少数学生组成的小课堂,以现代教育理论为指导,通过多项反馈、分项,按照严格的强度对师范生轮流进行培训,使学生理解教学过程并掌握教学技能,从而形成培养师范生教学技能的教学模式。将“微格教学”应用于体育教育专业体操普修课中,以教育心理学与现代教育理论为指导,把基本教学技能按类型分为若干不同的单独技能,并根据相应的技能培训内容进行教学设计,通过视频、角色扮演、示范、备课、反馈和讨论等一系列具体的教学活动,对技能进行正面和反面示范,使每位学生明确技能培训的目标和要求,从而形成以能力培养为中心,多功能并举的体操教学新模式。