Toll样受体信号转导与中枢神经系统疾病

Toll样受体（toll-like receptors,TLRs）是一类模式识别受体,在药物研究领域受到广泛关注,TLRs能特异地识别病原相关的分子模式,在激活天然免疫和调节获得性免疫中发挥重要作用。近年来,TLRs信号转导在中枢神经系统疾病方面的研究进展迅速,该文对TLRs信号传递新进展及TLRs在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究现状进行综述。     

脂筏与细胞信号转导

论述了脂筏的组成、结构与功能,脂筏在细胞信号转导正负调控、T细胞的信号转导、精子膜的信号转导过程中的作用及其机制.小窝蛋白及其参与的信号转导过程与葡萄糖运输、糖尿病及其并发症有密切关系.     

缺血预适应与心肌细胞信号转导

心肌缺血预适应是指心脏短暂缺血后能耐受较长时间的缺血现象,是一种有效的心肌保护方法。心肌缺血预适应与细胞信号转导密切相关。细胞信号转导系统包括:触发物质、中介物质、效应物质并通过这三个方面介导心肌缺血预适应。本文就缺血预适应和心肌细胞信号转导作一综述。     

极低频电磁场对胞内游离钙离子浓度影响的研究

钙离子作为胞内重要的第二信使,在细胞信号转导过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。探讨极低频电磁场对胞内游离钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )]_i)的影响,对于从细胞信号转导的角度来解释生物电磁效应,尤其是弱极低频电磁场(ELF-EMF)非热效应的机制有着重要的意义。文章介绍了近年来有关极低频电磁场对胞内游离钙离子浓度影响的研究现状,并对今后的发展方向进行展望。     

植物中Ca2+调节的蛋白激酶的研究进展

钙(Ca2 )是多种信号途径的第二信使,蛋白质磷酸化与脱磷酸化是信号传递的主要途径.蛋白激酶主要催化蛋白质的磷酸化作用,参与细胞信号识别与转导.Ca2 调节的蛋白激酶与细胞Ca2 信号进一步传递有密切的关系.     

DNA微阵列研究植物--病原菌互作及防御反应信号转导机制

介绍了植物对病原茵入侵的反应和DNA微阵列(DNA microarray)的原理．综述了DNA microarray在植物与病原茵互作过程中的应用,包括潜在的防御相关基因、基因聚类及其启动子区顺式元件的鉴定,研究不同信号途径之间的相互作用．对植物防御反应机制,包括R基因表达、防御信号转导基因、防御反应及信号分子等方面进行了阐释．提出该技术存在的问题、解决策略和应用展望．     

植物耐盐性的信号传导途径及基因工程进展

就近几年来植物耐盐方面的研究热点如植物耐盐信号传导途径及植物耐盐基因工程进展等方面作了综述。     

抗人双特异性磷酸酶DUSP18单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

双特异性磷酸酶（Dual Specificity Phosphatase）是酪氨酸磷酸酶家族中的一员,这个家族中的成员既能对磷酸化酪氨酸去磷酸化,也能对磷酸化丝／苏氨酸去磷酸化．此外,它们还在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径（MAPK）中起重要生理功能．为了制备抗人双特异性磷酸酶的单克隆抗体（mAb）,以DUSP18重组蛋白为抗原免疫BALB／e小鼠,通过B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备抗相应磷酸酶的mAb．用Western blot检测mAb对重组蛋白和细胞中天然磷酸酶的反应性,共获得6株可稳定分泌抗磷酸酶mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,为进一步研究双特异性磷酸酶的去磷酸化作用机理以及其在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径（MAPK）中的信号转导提供强有力的工具．     

力学环境下成纤维细胞生物学响应研究

力学环境对细胞的生物学效应产生广泛的影响,不同组织细胞对力学环境有不同的生物学响应.力学刺激下,细胞的形态和骨架发生规律性变化,并促进抑制细胞的增殖与迁移;细胞感受力学环境变化并产生生物学响应,通过相关的信号通路完成力信号转导,从而调控细胞力学生物学效应.综述力学环境下成纤维细胞骨架、形态、增殖、迁移等生物学效应,总结力生物学响应,为与成纤维细胞相关疾病的研究提供基础.     

第三信号概说

三种信号指的是三种不同性质的刺激物。第一信号是指由具体可感的客观物体所形成的刺激物。第二信号是指第一信号的代表,如语言文字符号所构成的刺激物。第三信号是指第二信号的代表,即由语言、文字的代表符号所组成的刺激物。三种信号意义作用各异,第一信号是由物质构成的客观物体,是人的认识对象,人的感官是由物质构成,是认识的主体,人的感官及其功能,是人类在长期认识改造客观的实践活动中,也同时改造了自身的结果。第二信号是以第一信号为基础的,有了语言文字,各民族的知识经验得以记录、积累、传递。第三信号是用简单符号代表第二信号的概念、关系、动作方式等大段文字所表述的内容。第三信号提高了信息传递速度,扩展了信息储存空间,使人脑形成了对第三信号反应的结构和功能。促进了人类的智力发展。三种信号各有作用。各自的意义作用有待进一步研究。     

A large scale screen for genes (3rd chromosome) related to Wingless signaling pathway

A wing specific F 1 genetic screen was carried out using the powerful Drosophila genetic system, combined with yeast FRT/FLP and GAL4/UAS system. Form the wing phenotypes and germline clone embryonic cuticle phenotypes observed in these mutant alleles, a number of mutant alleles of known or unknown genes were isolated. Among them, fifteen mutant alleles related to Wingless signal transduction were further isolated; the arm of these mutations located were determined, and their location in the chromosome were roughly mapped.     

A large scale screen for genes (3rd chromosome) related to Wingless signaling pathway

INTRODUCTION The Wingless (Wg) signal transduction path-way is an essential pathway in animal development (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998; Siegfried and Perrimon, 1994). The Wg signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved and involved in numerous developmental processes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. Ho-mologs of both Wg and their signaling components have been identified in vertebrates. The powerful genetics of Drosophila melanogaster provides great opportunity for dissecting the comp…     

Regulation of cellular and molecular functions by protein phosphorylation

Modification of proteins by phosphorylation is the major general mechanism by which many cellular functions in eukaryotic cells such as cell division, malignant transformation, differentiation, signal transduction etc. are controlled by external physiological stimuli. At the molecular level protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation can alter various properties of the substrate molecules such as enzymatic activity, sub-Cellular location, ligand binding, interaction with other proteins, DNA binding and some other functional properties. The changes in molecular properties of proteins brought about by protein phosphorylation play a critical role in regulating various cellular functions.     

MoFLP1, encoding a novel fungal fasciclin-like protein, is involved in conidiation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

Fasciclin family proteins have been identified as cell adhesion molecules in various organisms. In this study, a novel Magnaporthe oryzae fasciclin-like protein encoding gene, named MoFLP1, was isolated from a subtractive suppressive cDNA library and functionally analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that the MoFLP1 gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1050 nucleotides encoding 349 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 35.85 kDa and a pl of 7.76. The deduced MoFLP1 protein contains a 17-amino acid secretion signal sequence and an 18-amino acid sequence with the characteristics of a glycosylphosphotidylinositol (GPI) anchor additional signal at its N- and C-terminuses, respectively. Potential N-glycosylation sites and domains involving cell adhesion were also identified in MoFLP1. Sequence analysis and subcellular localization by the expression of MoFLP1-GFP fusion construct in M. oryzae indicated that the MoFLP1 protein is probably localized on the vacuole membrane. Two MoFLP1 null mutants generated by targeted gene disruption exhibited marked reduction ofconidiation, conidiai adhesion, appressorium turgot, and pathogenicity. Our results indicate that fasciclin proteins play important roles in fungal development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.     

内部控制审计制度安排动因的理论研究

内部控制审计作为新的制度的产生一定有其理论渊源。内部控制审计制度在强制性制度变迁与诱导性制度变迁共同的作用下形成;是伴随着新的受托经济责任关系而产生的,从客观上保障公司所有者和广大股东的权益;从根本上解决了管理层与公司所有者的信息不对称,能有效防止管理层在内部控制信息方面对公司所有者的欺骗行为的发生。     

基于找形模型研究微丝束对细胞骨架刚度的影响

研究目的：基于找形分析建立的细胞骨架力学模型研究微丝束对细胞骨架刚度的影响。创新要点：目前存在的细胞模型很少考虑微丝束对细胞力学特性的重要作用。本文基于细胞找形模型模拟了同时包含微丝和微丝束的细胞骨架网络结构,并且分析了细胞中微丝束的排列方向、微丝束的含量以及微丝波动对细胞刚度的影响。研究方法：基于找形模型,随机生成由微丝、微丝束（梁单元）以及交联蛋白（索单元）形成的细胞骨架网络结构,依靠非线性有限元计算和样本统计,计算出模型的弹性模量。通过分别改变模型中微丝束的排列方向、微丝束的含量以及模型初始最大位移等参数,得出细胞骨架模型的弹性模量随这些参数的变化趋势,以此来研究微丝束对细胞刚度的影响。重要结论：细胞骨架网络中微丝的波动会导致细胞刚度降低;与拉伸方向平行排列的微丝束可以显著地提高细胞的刚度,相比之下随机分布的微丝束对细胞刚度没有贡献;在微丝材料总量固定的情况下,细胞刚度随着平行排列微丝束含量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。     

MoFLP1, encoding a novel fungal fasciclin-like protein, is involved in conidiation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

Fasciclin family proteins have been identified as cell adhesion molecules in various organisms. In this study, a novel Magnaporthe oryzae fasciclin-like protein encoding gene, named MoFLP1, was isolated from a subtractive suppressive cDNA library and functionally analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that the MoFLP1 gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1050 nucleotides encoding 349 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 35.85 kDa and a pI of 7.76. The deduced MoFLP1 protein contains a 17-amino acid secretion signal sequence and an 18-amino acid sequence with the characteristics of a glycosylphosphotidylinositol (GPI) anchor additional signal at its N- and C-terminuses, respectively. Potential N-glycosylation sites and domains involving cell adhesion were also identified in MoFLP1. Sequence analysis and subcellular localization by the expression of MoFLP1-GFP fusion construct in M. oryzae indicated that the MoFLP1 protein is probably localized on the vacuole membrane. Two MoFLP1 null mutants generated by targeted gene disruption exhibited marked reduction of conidiation, conidial adhesion, appressorium turgor, and pathogenicity. Our results indicate that fasciclin proteins play important roles in fungal development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30870101) and the Public Welfare Profession (Agriculture) Research Project (No. 200803008), China     

“That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”: How the nose knows!

Richard Axel and Linda B Buck received the Nobel Prize for their discoveries leading to an understanding of how odors are perceived. A large family of receptors present in the nasal epithelium are activated by specific odorants and relay information on the signal to the brain, allowing us to have the sense of smell.     

糖类及其衍生物对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

采用可溶性单、双糖模拟高浓度蔗糖,并使用糖的吸收代谢抑制剂对氯汞基苯磺酸、根皮苷、葡萄糖胺和糖类衍生物的添加等方法探讨高浓度糖在马铃薯（Solarium tuberosum L．）块茎形成中的作用．结果表明,高浓度蔗糖诱导块茎发生,不是通过其产生的渗透胁迫因子实现,葡萄糖和蔗糖诱导结薯不是因为膜两端的浓度差引起,可能是跨膜运输或胞内代谢引起．对氯汞基苯磺酸能阻断蔗糖诱导结薯作用,但对葡萄糖诱导作用无显著影响．根皮苷能部分阻断蔗糖诱导结薯作用,可完全阻断葡萄糖诱导结薯作用．蔗糖诱导块茎形成主要通过蔗糖本身来实现．葡萄糖胺对蔗糖和葡萄糖诱导结薯作用无显著影响．2-脱氧葡萄糖、3-氧-甲基葡萄糖、L型葡萄糖不能诱导块茎形成．