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欠发达地区城乡中学体育设施均等化对体育教学的影响——以广东粤北地区部分中学为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
邵义强 《体育成人教育学刊》2011,27(3):90-92
对广东粤北地区城乡中学场地器材设施及教学现状进行调查显示:城乡中学之间体育场地活动面积、场馆器材配置率与合格率差异显著,城市中学明显好于农村中学;多数中学器材均等化比例严重失调,田径、体操与球类三大器材配置率尚未达到国家标准;场馆设施管理与维护混乱,场地器材数量配置不足使近半数中学体育课教学难以实现分组轮换,场地布局的不合理及过分单一更加剧了这一矛盾。 相似文献
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分组教学的实际意义在于:能根据体育课的特点,更好地遵循体育教学的规律,使教学符合学生实际。充分利用有限的场地器材,合理安排课的密度和运动量,培养和加强学生的组织纪律性。分组教学,一般包括分组不轮换和分组轮换两种形式。一堂课究竟采用哪种形式教学会获得更好的效果呢?首先必须了解各种形式的特点,然后根据课的内容和任务,学生的实际情况及场地器材的条件,有针对性地进行选择,并合理地作出周密的安排。分组不轮换:是把学生分成若干小组,在教师的统一指导下,按照教材的顺序,依次进 相似文献
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<正> 根据目前农村的办学条件,大多数中、小学校运动场地都比较狭小,器材又短缺,给体育教学带来了一定困难。在教学中往往出现少数人练习、大多数人等候的现象,影响了学生的身体锻炼及体育课的教学效果。据我多年的教学实践,认为采用多组轮换教学法,可以缓解这一矛盾。多组轮换教学法,就是把学生分成若干组,在教师指导和小组长的协助下,各组学生分别学习不同的教材或进行不同内容的练习,按预定的时间、一定的顺序进行轮换,从而增加课的密度和运动负荷。采用这种教学法,教师不易全面指导学生,也不易使各组的运动负荷都符合逐步上升的原则。因此在运用多组轮换教学时应做到“四结合”和“四注意”。 相似文献
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<正>如何组织学生有序的"收发"器材,保障课堂教学的安全和有效性,本人认为要抓好以下三个环节的工作。一、课前体育器材的准备包括器材的检查、发放和场地布置三个方面。根据教材内容确定所需要使用的器材,教师在课前(留有充足的时间)进行 相似文献
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1.游戏时学生的参与面要广
有的游戏做起来很精彩,但是只有一少部分学生在做,做完后才轮到另外一少部分,每次都有很多学生甚至多数学生在看,一个学生在整个游戏中活动不了几下(部分体能相当好的除外),除非游戏时间相当长。因此游戏需要轮换做时,看的学生最好不要过半数。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用:一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成(外周疲劳),另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降(中枢疲劳).对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。 相似文献
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朱新新 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(3):52-53,57
本文运用文献资料法,逻辑分析法,在遵循逻辑学、哲学、心理学原理的前提下,对竞技健美操技术的概念进行了界定,对竞技健美操技术进行了分类研究,在此基础上分析了竞技健美操技术的结构,为系统、科学的组织竞技健美操的教学和训练提供理论上的参考,为促进竞技健美操理论体系的完善和协调发展做出一定的贡献。 相似文献