A mathematical model of a 2D homogeneous swarm of robots

We present a simulation of the behavior of a homogeneous group of robots in an environment with obstacles. The problems of 2D flight of robots to different target objects were considered. The questions of the mutual dependence between local control rules and global adaptive group behavior and the synthesis of group control were studied and an analysis of the controllability of the group targets in environment with obstacles was performed. The results of the simulation are presented and examples of the operation of the simulation program are given.     

Setting a Non-Agenda: Effects of a Perceived Lack of Problems in Recent News or Twitter

The mere perception that news has given certain problems more coverage can lead the audience to assume that those problems are more important. Given that the news media, at times, obsesses over relatively trivial matters, and given that the audience is increasingly able to filter media exposure, it is worth asking what happens when audience members perceive that recent media coverage has not emphasized any very important problems. In such cases, audience members might assume that any problems facing the nation must not be particularly important. We explicate this attitude of political complacency, test whether perceived media agendas lacking important problems can influence it, and explore whether complacency helps explain political disengagement. We also explore whether these effects generalize beyond news, to new media gatekeepers such as Twitter. Two experiments tested effects of a perceived absence of important problems in recent news or Twitter content. In the case of news, but not Twitter, this increased complacency in both studies. Study 2 added a no-exposure control and found that effects on complacency were driven by the cueing of nonproblem stories, not by the absence of problem story cues. Both studies validated complacency as a predictor of political disengagement.     

Measurement of journal availability in a biomedical library

During a twelve-day period in October and November 1971, users of the Woodward Biomedical Library were asked to report each time they failed to find a needed journal issue or volume in the library. They reported 370 cases of failure. In 100 of these cases (27%) the journal was not held by the library or had not yet been received; in 66 (18%) it was in some stage of the binding process; in 64 (17%) it was in circulation; in 34 (9%) it was in use in the library; and in 41 (11%) user error was involved. The 64 journals required while in circulation constituted 4.7% of a total of 1,373 journals circulated during the period. Indications are that circulation may not be as great a problem as users have supposed and that more attention should be given to other user problems with journals.     

我国英文科技期刊发展中值得注意的几个问题

英文科技期刊是促进学术信息交流和科学知识传播的重要平台。近年来,国家对英文科技期刊的培育给予了大力支持,英文期刊数量明显增加。本文通过分析已有研究成果、结合自身工作经验,指出当前我国英文科技期刊办刊过程中存在办刊动机不纯、办刊能力不足、期刊评价标准单一、期刊发展急功近利等问题,进而给出办好英文科技期刊的相关建议,即端正办刊思想,明确初心与使命;坚持正确的学术导向,以优质内容促进期刊发展;遵循期刊发展规律,合理规划期刊各发展阶段的目标,保证期刊有序健康合理发展。     

Gateway finder in large graphs: problem definitions and fast solutions

Given a graph, how to find a small group of ‘gateways’, that is a small subset of nodes that are crucial in connecting the source to the target? For instance, given a social network, who is the best person to introduce you to, say, Chris Ferguson, the poker champion? Or, given a network of people and skills, who is the best person to help you learn about, say, wavelets? We formally formulate this problem in two scenarios: Pair-Gateway and Group-Gateway. For each scenario, we show that it is sub-modular and thus it can be solved near-optimally. We further give fast, scalable algorithms to find such gateways. Extensive experimental evaluations on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.     

Compiling for massively parallel architectures: a perspective

The problem of automatically generating programs for massively parallel computers is a very complicated one, mainly because there are many architectures, each of them seeming to pose its own particular compilation problem. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework in which to discuss the compilation process, and to show that the features which affect it are few and generate a small number of combinations. The paper is oriented toward fine-grained parallelization of static control programs, with emphasis on dataflow analysis, scheduling and placement. When going from there to more general programs and to coarser parallelism, one encounters new problems, some of which are discussed in the conclusion.     

链接分析用于学术网站评价存在的问题及解决办法

Web链接分析是网站评价时广泛采取的一种方法。但是,网络链接受到多种因素的影响,单纯利用链接测度评价网站的可靠性受到质疑。本文系统地分析了影响链接分析的诸因素,并探讨了消除或减少误差的方法。     

医学期刊编辑应重视论文题名的加工

医学论文的题名是文献数据库的基本索引信息。题名应当用最简明的语言来准确表达论文的核心思想,这对提高论文的被阅读、被引用具有重要意义。本文列举了目前中文医学论文题名中存在的常见问题,如对论文的核心内容凝炼不够等,提出了关于编辑应重视提高题名加工质量的建议。     

医学论文中2组等级疗效比较问题分析与建议

列举医学论文中2组等级疗效比较时常见的问题:将数据合并成一个四格表分析,按多个四格表分析,采用t检验,秩和检验结果错误,未做统计学处理.分析出现这些问题的原因并给出了建议.     

扶助信息弱势群体 跨越信息鸿沟——美国亚利桑那大学“知识河流”项目的思考

扶助社会信息弱势群体是全世界图书馆学与信息专业学者共同关注的问题,介绍了美国亚利桑那大学信息资源与图书馆学学院发起的"知识河流"弱势援助项目的缘起、任务、目标与实质,并得出该项目于我国的启示.     

数据清洗研究综述

对数据清洗问题进行综述。介绍数据清洗问题产生的背景和国内外研究现状。给出数据清洗的定义和对象，说明数据清洗的基本原理、模型，分析相关算法与工具，给出数据清洗评估方法；并对今后数据清洗的研究和应用进行展望。     

编辑加工中几个常见问题的规范表达

对科技编辑中容易出错的几个问题,如X射线衍射靶源、吨钢渣量与吨钢渣耗、传输速率与差错率等,分析了其物理意义,依据国家标准或规范,给出了其正确的表达形式.     

企业选择知识管理解决方案应避免的五个误区

指出企业在选择知识管理解决方案时容易走进5个误区:将知识管理解决方案等同于知识管理系统,唯技术论,只考虑基金问题而忽略解决方案是否成熟,忽略企业目标和企业知识管理战略,高估企业的自身开发能力。分析进入误区的原因,并就如何走出误区,规避知识管理失败的风险提出建议。     

关于图书馆学几个问题的再认识

１图书馆可以成为一门学科的研究对象１．１某一现象所特有的某一矛盾可以成为一门学科的研究对象毛泽东在《矛盾论》写下了一句名言：“科学研究的区分,就是根据科学对象所具有的特殊的矛盾性。因此,对于某一现象的领域所特有的某一种矛盾的研究,就构成某一门科学的对...     

On the choice of effectiveness measures for learning to rank

Most current machine learning methods for building search engines are based on the assumption that there is a target evaluation metric that evaluates the quality of the search engine with respect to an end user and the engine should be trained to optimize for that metric. Treating the target evaluation metric as a given, many different approaches (e.g. LambdaRank, SoftRank, RankingSVM, etc.) have been proposed to develop methods for optimizing for retrieval metrics. Target metrics used in optimization act as bottlenecks that summarize the training data and it is known that some evaluation metrics are more informative than others. In this paper, we consider the effect of the target evaluation metric on learning to rank. In particular, we question the current assumption that retrieval systems should be designed to directly optimize for a metric that is assumed to evaluate user satisfaction. We show that even if user satisfaction can be measured by a metric X, optimizing the engine on a training set for a more informative metric Y may result in a better test performance according to X (as compared to optimizing the engine directly for X on the training set). We analyze the situations as to when there is a significant difference in the two cases in terms of the amount of available training data and the number of dimensions of the feature space.     

Planning Improves Vocal Fluency and the Appearance of Concern When Communicating Emotional Support

Emotional support is often conveyed to people with cancer; however, not all support messages are effective, leading some potential supporters to fear appearing incompetent when communicating support. Additionally, nonverbal behaviors, such as vocal fluency, pitch variety, eye contact, and conveying concern, have previously been associated with support recipients’ outcomes and perceptions of speaker competence. This experiment determines whether these nonverbal behaviors can be increased through message planning. Participants were randomly assigned to either a planning condition or a distraction task condition before recording emotional support messages for a friend hypothetically diagnosed with cancer. Results showed that planners spoke with significantly more vocal fluency and conveyed significantly more nonverbal concern than nonplanners. Planners also used more eye contact and pitch variety than nonplanners, but these differences were not statistically significant. Results suggest that planning may improve some nonverbal aspects of communicating support, which may in turn improve perceptions of supporters’ competence.     

规范使用SCI下科技评价的问题与解决路径研究

[目的/意义]教育部、科技部2020年发布了《关于规范高等学校SCI论文相关指标使用树立正确评价导向的若干意见》,对意见推广后可能存在的问题进行深度分析并提出改进思路具有重要意义。[方法/过程]本文从评价对象、评价方法、评价目的、评价管理等方面进行分析,对规范使用SCI论文评价的适用范围与存在问题进行探讨。[结果/结论]研究发现,规范使用SCI存在少部分SCI期刊质量不高、SCI论文只适用于微观评价、代表作“代表性”不够、数量指标与质量指标难以兼顾、评价管理有待改进等等问题。提出了如下政策建议:以高水平SCI期刊作为评价依据;强化黑名单制度;宏观评价要发挥SCI论文的主导作用;鼓励采用一些文献计量指标进行评价;微观评价建议兼顾代表作与SCI论文数量;一般高校对研究生毕业论文应该有所要求。最后指出,SCI论文的规范应用需要深化高校科技管理体制改革;解决SCI论文的评价问题需要循序渐进;要重视SCI论文的科研符号功能。     

The neurological information network of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness

The National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness (NINDB) has the responsibility of trying to alleviate the morbid and mortal effects of all the diseases of the nervous system and the special senses including speech, hearing, and vision. The information problem facing the NINDB is only a fraction of the total information problem of the biomedical community, but it is probably representative. The NINDB information audience has a core of about 19,000 persons, 10 percent of whom are nonclinical research scientists; 10 percent of whom are engaged in patient care, teaching, and some research; 12 percent in training (post doctoral); and 68 percent chiefly involved in the care of patients. In addition, there is an unknown number of other interested scientists. Fifty to eighty thousand journal articles, an unknown number of technical reports, and other items produced each year are potentially valuable to this group. The exact needs of each subgroup must be identified and ways developed to deliver the required information quickly, accurately, and in an easily useable form. NINDB has undertaken a large information program as a service to the biomedical community to help cope with these information problems. This program is to serve the needs of the practicing physician, the research scientist, and NINDB program analysis and planning. The Neurological Information Network is the core effort of the program.The Neurological Information Network envisions large units incorporating both information storage and retrieval and information analysis. These will be in universities with strong biomedical libraries where there are ongoing research programs in some area relevant to NINDB responsibilities. These units are to be integrated and will interact with each other and with the National Library of Medicine to avoid duplication of work. In addition to their own information analysis activities, the major documentation centers will be able to support information analysis satellites at other research centers where specific categorical research programs are underway.     

Typologies of radio station target audiences

One of the most frustrating methodological problems facing researchers interested in broadcast programming is that of classification of target audiences and programming formats. The following article presents a new approach to this problem, one that keeps in mind the varying approaches to radio programming in the United States today. Robert Moomey is Program Manager of WIND, the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company radio station in Chicago. Roger Skolnik, who formerly was on the faculty of the University of Illniois at Chicago Circle, recently earned his doctorate in Michigan State Unversity and currently is Executive Producer at WIND.