科学计量学与信息计量学的发展:中国大陆与台湾地区比较研究

选择期刊Scientometrics、Journal of Informetrics 2003-2012年期间发表的论文和国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会(ISSI大会)论文集论文为样本,对中国大陆和台湾地区科学计量学与信息计量学的发展进行比较研究。研究从4个方面展开:论文计量分析、引文计量分析、合作研究以及研究内容考察。研究结果表明,中国大陆和台湾地区已经成为国际上科学计量学与信息计量学论文产出大户,但是中国大陆地区论文年篇均引文略低于世界平均水平,AR指数低于台湾地区;两地区学者已经产出合著论文,但合作局限于少数学者和少数机构之间;两地区的研究对象和研究方法有共性又各有特色,中国大陆地区学者更重视科学计量,台湾地区学者更重视技术测度。最后提出促进两地区科学计量学与信息计量学发展需要深入讨论的几个问题。     

信息计量与科学评价:新时期、新需求、新发展--青年学者论坛综述

2020年6月20日,“信息计量与科学评价:新时期、新需求、新发展”青年学者论坛以在线形式成功举办。论坛聚焦于新时期信息计量与科学评价的创新和发展,探讨其未来走向。文章对青年学者报告和专家点评内容进行梳理,结合自身认知和学者代表性成果,从科学评价在新时期的新发展、科学评价的未来走向、信息计量新时期的新特征、信息计量的新方法和新思考等4个方面归纳总结,以揭示信息计量与科学评价的最新进展和发展趋势。     

A Zipf's law-based text generation approach for addressing imbalance in entity extraction

Entity extraction is critical in the intelligent advancement across diverse domains. Nevertheless, a challenge to its effectiveness arises from the data imbalance, where certain entities are common while others are scarce. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel text generation approach that harnesses Zipf's law, which is a powerful tool from informetrics for studying human language. By employing characteristics of Zipf's law, words within the documents are classified as common and rare ones. Subsequently, sentences are classified into common and rare ones, and are further processed by text generation models accordingly. Rare entities within the generated sentences are then labeled using human-designed rules, serving as a supplement to the raw dataset, thereby mitigating the imbalance problem. The study presents a case of extracting entities from technical documents, and the extensive experimental results on two datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the significance and potential of Zipf's law in driving the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed, broadening the scope and coverage of informetrics. By incorporating the foundational principles of informetrics into text generation, this study showcases the pivotal role of informetrics in shaping the design and developmental of AI systems.     

基于目录学理论的网络信息资源服务效益研究

从网络技术、信息技术快速发展与应用的角度,分析数字时代目录学服务理论的变革;探讨网络信息资源目录服务与应用、服务模式和服务协议;从网络信息资源组织与信息经济学、信息计量学的角度分析网络信息资源目录服务的资源效益与网络经济效益。     

对国外研究网络信息计量学文献的定量分析

从文献量、地区和机构、著者、期刊、研究主题等角度,对1996年以来国外关于网络信息计量学的75篇研究文献进行归类统计和分析,指出网络信息计量学研究虽处在探索阶段,但其对网络信息资源的测度与评价,对加强和改善网络的科学化与规范化管理有着重要意义。     

Jazz discometrics – A network approach

‘Discometrics’, a long neglected area of informetric studies was revisited in a network context. Cooperation between jazz musicians was analysed using the recent ‘Hirschian’ concepts of network informetrics. Partnership Ability Index (φ) was found to be a useful measure to characterize the way performers are embedded in their partnership network. Indications of some positive relations between φ and other ‘qualities’ of the performers were found.     

The source-item coverage of the exponential function

Statistical distributions in the production of information are most often studied in the framework of Lotkaian informetrics. In this paper, we recall some results of basic theory of Lotkaian informetrics, then we transpose methods (Theorem 1) applied to Lotkaian distributions by Leo Egghe (Theorem 2) to the exponential distributions (Theorem 3, Theorem 4). We give examples and compare the results (Theorem 5). Finally, we propose to widen the problem using the concept of exponential informetric process (Theorem 6).     

信息计量学的基础与发展研究

信息计量学的基础是指发生学意义上的逻辑起点。一是“他律性”基础,即决定其研究内容的社会经济基础,主要是社会劳动的信息化与知识化的要求;二是“自律性”基础,即决定其学科形式的内在规律,主要是相关学科成果形式与“科学共同体”知识结构的规定性。信息计量学是在文献计量学与科学计量学基础上形成和发展起来的。它的形成与发展符合社会经济基础的发展,特别是科学与交流的社会化与信息化,以及信息资源电子化与网络化的要求。它是情报定量化研究的必然结果。     

On the formation of the concept of informetrics (Review)

The history and modern approaches to the definition of the concept of informetrics, including a new line of research, viz., alternative metrics, are considered. Factors that have influenced the process of active development of informetrics in recent years are presented.     

美国高校儿童图书馆学课程研究

美国儿童图书馆学教育发端于19世纪末20世纪初,儿童图书馆学课程建设已有超过百年的历史。本文首先梳理了53个ALA认证的硕士学位教育项目和34个AASL-CAEP认证的学校图书馆硕士教育项目,系统展示了美国高校儿童图书馆学教育的概貌;然后筛选出84所高校的603门ELSY课程,并对这些课程进行了统计与内容分析。当前,美国ELSY课程按主题可区分为六大类型:文献类、服务类、管理类、职业类、研究类和实习类。ELSY课程有超过1/3(约占39%)为文献类课程,其核心内容为文献知识;有约1/4(约占26%)为服务类课程;实习类课程约占16%,每个学校都至少有一门实习类课程;管理类、职业类课程较少,分别占比8%和6%,并非每个学校都开设了此类课程;研究类课程占比最少,约占5%,是美国ELSY课程的短板。美国在ELSY课程内容建设上的经验与问题,可为我国设立和发展儿童图书馆学课程提供借鉴。表7。参考文献47。     

专利权人h指数研究

利用信息计量学方法,对专利权人h指数进行了深入分析,对世界百强企业中分离出的电类、汽车一机械类、炼油一化学类行业的专利权人h指数、技术强度TS与企业营业收入进行了相关分析.指出行业细分后的专利权人h指数与企业营业收入的相关性高于技术强度TS与企业营业收入的相关性;各行业h指数与技术强度TS正相关;技术强度TS越高的企业,其专利权人h指数也越高.     

网络视频课程用户需求调查分析——以大学生为视角

以高校大学生为对象,通过问卷调查,分析了高校大学生对网络视频课程的认知情况、使用习惯以及现实需求。通过用户需求与网络视频课程平台建设现状的比较分析,得出目前网络视频课程存在的问题:缺乏有效推广、已有服务难以满足用户需求和知识产权问题,并据此提出了有关建议以促进网络视频课程资源的建设与共享。     

Perl语言辅助的信息计量学研究

利用Perl语言的出色文本处理能力，以植物类分子生物学为题， 以GenBank为数据源，进行信息计量学分析的应用研究。结果表明，Perl语言十分适用于信息计量学研究，能够从海量的GenBank数据库中挖掘整理出植物分子生物学的研究动态、研究热点、核心作者等信息，从而有助于在图书馆开展专题咨询服务。     

(2) Prague Documentation Centre

Abstract

This paper describes the development of the library profession and education in Ethiopia from its beginning to date in the context of such developments in the USA, UK and Africa. The recognition of the library profession in Ethiopia started with some short and informal courses in 1959, and in 1966 by formally starting a diploma minor programme. At present, it is providing library and information training at diploma, bachelor’s and master’s levels.     

情报学前沿领域的确定与讨论

根据前两篇文章所描述的调查结果,对所识别出来的候选前沿领域进行进一步的分析、甄别、筛选和归类,最后确定目前情报学的十个前沿研究领域（知识组织、情报检索、情报研究、信息资源管理与知识管理、数字图书馆、网络用户行为研究、情报学理论、信息计量学、信息政策与法律、信息经济学）及其所包含的主要内容或前沿性问题,并对选择过程中遇到的问题加以说明、讨论。最后还探讨了这些前沿领域之间的关系和研究策略。     

信息科学研究前沿与热点——2019年ASIS&T年会综述

作为信息科学领域的权威会议,ASIS&T年会是展示和传播信息科学领域最新研究成果的重要场所。本文以第82届ASIS&T年会收录的74篇会议论文为研究对象,从信息行为、信息组织与管理、信息技术与计量、信息服务四方面进行详细述评和动态解析。信息行为研究内容涉及阅读、研究、游戏、健康、检索等方面,更贴近人们日常学习生活中的信息行为;信息组织更关注元数据、实体间的数据关联、数据复用与数据治理;信息管理方面,无论是个人信息管理还是机构信息管理都更注重用户体验、用户情感因素;信息技术更关注文本分析技术,信息计量更关注跨学科的知识结构,为审稿与撤稿的研究提供了新视角;在强调信息道德与数据伦理基础上,信息服务聚焦于面向特殊人群的图书馆全纳支持服务、面向数字人文的信息系统开发与数据组织,面向社交网络的数据分析与社区服务。     

不同水平特征因子与文献计量指标的关系研究

为研究不同特征因子分值条件下,其与其他文献计量指标的关系,基于JCR 2009年电气电子期刊数据,采用分位数回归进行研究。结果表明,对于特征因子分值较低的期刊,论文影响分值、总被引频次与特征因子呈较低正相关,即年指标与特征因子无关,5年影响因子、被引半衰期与特征因子呈较低的负相关。载文量只在特征因子分值较低时与它呈正相关关系,其他情况无关。对于特征因子分值较高的期刊,论文影响分值与特征因子呈较高的正相关,即年指标与其呈较高的负相关,其他情况特点不明显。研究发现,特征因子分值的引入有利于期刊提高学术质量,但对于其他学科的情况有待进一步研究。     

利用信息计量学推动科学技术期刊发展 ——以《中国天然药物》为例

通过对《中国天然药物》发展情况的分析,认为利用信息计量学能够推动科技期刊的发展。具体表现在:比较国内外同学科期刊的引证指标,为期刊发展提供参考信息;为编委提供引证数据,以编辑部服务换来编委的支持;提供学科发展检索情报,发挥服务功能,以获得主办单位的重视和支持。     

Some comments on “The estimation of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory” by Egghe and Proot

Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics] introduce a simple probabilistic model to estimate the number of lost multi-copy documents based on the numbers of retrieved ones. We show that their model in practice can essentially be described by the well-known Poisson approximation to the binomial. This enables us to adopt a traditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach which allows the construction of (approximate) confidence intervals for the parameters of interest, thereby resolving an open problem left by the authors. We further show that the general estimation problem is a variant of a well-known unseen species problem. This work should be viewed as supplementing that of Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics]. It turns out that their results are broadly in line with those produced by this rather more robust statistical analysis.     

Learning how to teach unfamiliar subjects: developing training on writing for publication and presentation of research for health libraries

Academic librarians with teaching responsibility have traditionally delivered training in discovering and organising information. However, in recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on supporting researchers through all stages of the research lifecycle. While librarians are ideally placed to provide training in writing for publication and presentation of research, very few in the United Kingdom appear to be doing so. However, there are clear benefits to teaching these subjects. Based on feedback from faculty on user needs, the University of Cambridge Medical Library’s training programme was expanded to include training and support in the publication and presentation of research outputs. This article recounts the process by which the new courses were developed, and the techniques used by the library’s teaching staff to gain understanding of conventions and requirements of forms of written communication with which they were unfamiliar. It also evaluates the impact of the new courses, discusses next steps and provides advice for other librarians wishing to develop similar courses. D.I.