Distance education research priorities for Australia: A study of the opinions of distance educators and practitioners

The advantages of undertaking research in distance education are numerous. They include those which impact on national development, educational practice, professional practice in distance education, policy and management, and the constant review of research needs and methodology.

Research in distance education has suffered from a number of problems which include lack of co‐ordination and focus, and the involvement of comparatively few researchers. This is perhaps why there have been calls of late from some quarters such as the Australian Research Council to prioritise educational research agenda in Australia. Future development in distance education would require a coordinated effort in establishing research priorities in Australia to effectively drive distance education theory and practice. One of the criteria in setting research priorities should be that derived from distance educators and practitioners of distance education. This paper reports on the Australian data collated from an investigation carried out as part of a worldwide study of the opinions of distance educators and practitioners regarding: (1) the availability of research information; (2) the areas in which research efforts should be concentrated; and (3) the order of priority to be given to such research areas in distance education. Using a five‐part questionnaire (with a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of .89), the results suggest the need for a conceited effort to embark on vigorous research in almost all areas of distance education. The distance educators and practitioners have also prioritised the areas of research and have ranked the difficulties they face doing research in distance education. The results are discussed and their implications for distance education practice and further research indicated.     

教育研究的原生态价值取向分析

近年来极为流行的“原生态”一词反映了人们内心深处的某种价值追求。反映了变革时代人们渴望返璞归真的那种家园情结。原生态价值取向对当前的教育研究具有独特的启发意义：教育研究在其研究目的上更加具有家园感和本体感;教育研究在其研究内容的选择上更加关注处于原生状态以及与之关系密切的非原生状态下任何时空中教育形态;教育研究在其研究方法上更加强调研究者作为一种研究工具参与教育研究,更加强调现场感。     

批判民族志及其对比较教育研究的启示

文章简要论述了批判民族志的含义与特征，认为它对比较教育研究的启示在于：重视比较教育研究中的反恩与批判；重视对研究对象的理解；在宏观与微观兼具的视野中积极地去透视、理解和改造教育，从而达到比较教育研究的目的。     

教师参与校本教育科研的因素分析

本研究对中小学教师参与校本教育科研的现状进行了调查和因素分析,并提出了若干建设性意见。研究结果显示：有相当数量的学校领导对校本教育科研不够重视,没有建立校本教育科研管理制度;教师对校本教育科研的认识参差不一,许多教师存有错误认识或认识模糊;影响教师参与校本教育科研的主要因素依次是：没有时间精力、缺乏研究经费、缺乏研究资料、缺乏研究方法知识以及思想不重视;教师参与课题研究撰写论文及发表论文在性别、学历、任教学科和学校类型等方面无显著性差异,而在年龄、教龄和职称等方面有显著性差异;教师从事教育科研与学校领导态度、学校教育科研制度以及教师的教育科研知识技能有显著性相关,而与教师对待教育科研的态度无关,我国的校本教育科研目前是一种＂制度推动型校本科研＂。     

学前教育公平研究十年:回顾与展望——基于2002-2011年期刊论文的分析

通过对2002-2011年间期刊论文的统计分析可知:学前教育公平领域的研究总体呈上升趋势;研究期刊分布较广,但质量高的期刊不多;研究主题广泛,但仍有较大提升与拓展的空间;研究视角较为狭窄,且研究方法单一。对于今后学前教育公平领域的研究走向,应在范式上走出纯思辨的藩篱;应在视角上跳出纯教育学的视野;应在内容上进一步拓展与深化。     

2011年我国成人教育理论研究综述——基于对2011年人大复印报刊资料《成人教育学刊》的统计分析

对2011年人大复印报刊资料《成人教育学刊》所转载论文进行统计分析,回顾这一年来,我国成人教育理论研究所呈现的特点是,一批学术期刊在本研究领域中的学术地位仍然保持稳定,其学术影响力有显著提升,所载论文采用的研究方法继续呈多元化趋势,研究领域进一步拓展和深化。成人教育理论研究着重从多视角探究成人教育的本质和内涵。成人教育作为构建终身教育体系和学习型社会的重要载体,适应我国社会经济发展的新形势,必须进行新的功能定位,成人教育转型发展势在必行。我国成人教育理论研究的未来走向：研究方法趋向多元,定性研究仍为主体;成人高教备受关注,转型发展成为焦点;开放大学成为热点,实践框架亟待构建;终身学习逐步升温,终身教育逐被取代;比较研究稳中有进,研究视域紧跟形势。     

中国研究生教育基本理论论纲

中国研究生教育逐步形成了自身的基本理论体系,其基本内容主要有:研究生教育的目标指向学生的创新素养和创新能力的培养;研究生教育在性质上归属于精英教育;研究生教育中采取课程与研究相结合的培养模式;研究生培养过程中主要实施导师负责制;研究生教育是中国学生第一次真正意义上的接触学术研究。从内在逻辑来看,指向学生的创新素养和创新能力的培养,是研究生教育培养目标的应然逻辑;精英教育的定位是研究生教育在教育性质上的实然逻辑;采取课程与研究相结合的培养模式,是研究生培养中的过程逻辑;导师负责制是中国研究生培养过程中的管理控制逻辑;将研究生阶段设置为真正意义上的学术研究阶段,是中国社会对高等教育中的教育层级设置逻辑。     

人工智能应用于特殊教育的知识图谱分析

为全面了解人工智能应用于特殊教育的知识流、研究热点和研究趋势,本文对687篇相关文献进行了可视化分析.结果 表明,本研究领域呈现出多学科的融合趋势,蕴含了“医教结合”的理念;研究热点向对象类型多样化、研究技术多元化、应用领域日常化的方向演进;研究趋势从“医教结合”的视角分析,可分为前期侧重“以医为主”,中期关注“医教并...     

欧盟应对金融危机的教育政策与措施述评

面对严重的金融危机,欧盟委员会及欧盟国家提出教育领域的应对措施:努力通过提供财政刺激、资助和补助金的方式加大对人力资本投资,同时鼓励私有部门对教育、科研进行投入;重视提高投资效益,包括引进教育质量监测机制、减少辍学学生数量,尽可能使人力资本投资惠及普通人群;扩大职业教育和高等教育机会,有效开发终身教育战略和结构,保证每个人在年富力强时期均有机会参加培训;实施技能提升计划,一方面通过教育与培训来提高劳动力的就业能力,另一方面提高欧盟对技能匹配的监测及信息提供能力,促进就业和复兴劳动力市场。欧盟的应对政策与措施既考虑眼前救市,又着眼于增强欧盟竞争力等长远发展目标。     

安徽省特殊教育教师专业发展现状调查

采用问卷与访谈相结合的方式就安徽省特殊教育教师专业发展现状进行了初步的调查研究,发现目前安徽省特殊教育教师存在学历水平偏低,特殊教育专业修养不够;参加培训机会较少且针对性不强;科研意识和能力欠缺;专业认同感不足等现象.建议通过开设特殊教育本科专业,实施特殊教育教师资格制度,构建特殊教育培训体系,加大特殊教育科研力度,建立长效激励机制等途径促进特殊教育教师专业发展,推动安徽省特殊教育事业不断向前.     

“立德树人”研究:内容、问题与展望

对于立德树人,主要讨论立德树人的内涵、实现途径与机制、中国传统文化视域下的立德树人等问题,并对立德树人进行了一定的实践探索。从现有研究看,研究态度有待端正、研究工作过于分散、理论研究力量单薄、实践探索需要做实、研究成效明显不足是现实存在的主要问题。扎根立德树人的三大基础研究、建构新时代立德树人教育体系、顶层设计推进整体研究、聚合研究力量协同研究,是今后研究的主要方向。     

中国近十年来对美国教师教育认证制度研究的回顾与展望

伴随着我国基础教育发展对教师质量要求的提高以及教师教育自身的变革,我国亟需完善教师教育认证制度。为此,许多学者对美国教师教育认证制度进行研究,以他山之石攻玉,近年来这类研究文章越来越多,因此有必要对已有研究作一个梳理和总结,以便把握现在的研究水平和明了未来的研究方向。我国研究的成就可分为三类:介绍叙述型,分类命名型,深入阐释型。其中以前两类研究为主,阐释性研究文献非常少。已有研究的不足表现在四个方面:研究层次主要停留在介绍、叙述和特征分析上;研究内容面比较窄;未在一个系统框架内理解美国教师教育机构认证制度;未在一个整体的制度框架上来研究美国教师教育认证制度对我国的参考价值。     

Responding to the challenge of providing stronger research base for teacher education: research discourses in the Norwegian national research school for teacher education

Background and purpose: The purpose of this article is to shed light on how the research projects of 140 PhD candidates in the National Research School for Teacher Education in Norway (NAFOL) respond to the challenges faced by Norwegian teacher education regarding the demand for higher competence and a stronger research base. The concept of NAFOL is of interest from an international perspective because of its focus on facilitating teacher educators to achieve a PhD. Since 2001, Norwegian educational policy has had a strong focus on strengthening teacher education and making it more research-based than before. From 2017, all new teachers in Norway are expected to take a master’s degree. In order to accomplish this, there is a need for many new supervisors with a PhD in teacher education institutions. NAFOL is a unique project: a consortium of 23 participating network institutions within teacher education. The research school includes 140 research fellows, all of whom wish to achieve a PhD suitable for work in teacher education. The research school is funded by the Norwegian Research Council, originally for a project period from 2010 to 2016. The research school has had a positive external midway evaluation, and the project period has been extended with four cohorts of students to the end of 2021. However, this study is the first one looking into the research projects of this young generation of teacher education researchers. The research question posed in this article is: how do the research projects of the NAFOL PhD candidates contribute to the research base in teacher education? Main argument: The main argument in this article is that the potential impact of this research school is dependent on the quality of the large number of PhD projects connected to teacher education and education in general developed within the research school. The quality is likely to be good because, among other reasons, these projects are scrutinised by the research school community. The challenges these research projects face, located as they are between solidarity regarding grants from the funds financing the PhD candidates, solidarity with the aims of education, and the wish to contribute to innovation, might prove to be able to be met. These research projects have the potential to create innovation in teacher education research through ‘border crossing’ between different educational discourses, as well as through creating new knowledge in meta-studies based on the results from several projects. Sources of evidence and method: In this article, project abstracts from 140 PhD candidates participating in NAFOL are analysed in terms of their theme and problem formulation. The analysis is inspired by discourse analytical thinking – namely that in a certain situation, several conditions for action exist. In this study, these conditions for action are made apparent in the choice of theme and problem formulation in the research projects. The content analysis is focused on ‘signal words’, because these words might signal positioning in different educational discourses. Results: In the study, three main discourses can be seen as influencing the choice of topic and the problem formulation in the projects: a goal-oriented educational discourse, a ‘Bildung’ (i.e. character formation, or personal growth – ‘danning’ in Norwegian) and democracy discourse, and a critical knowledge-producing discourse. These discourses are constituted when the PhD candidates start their research projects but the conditions for action are ever-changing and, hence, the findings in this study cannot, of course, be considered as ‘final’. The development of these discourses within the research community of NAFOL is one way of scrutinising the research projects in order to make a contribution to qualified teacher education research. Conclusion: ‘Border crossing’ between discourses in research projects concerned with what might be, and what can make a difference in a knowledge society could be a key way of enhancing the future for a young generation of researchers in teacher education. The research projects carried out by the PhD candidates in NAFOL have the potential to develop both new knowledge and new discourses of importance for Norwegian teacher education, as well as for a broader international context regarding professional development in teacher education and education in general. The view of the teacher education profession – and on what a teacher educator can be – could become more fully informed than before the candidates’ participation in the research school.     

关于“思想政治教育的经济价值的观点”综述

思想政治教育的经济价值日益受到学术界的关注,在此方面的研究也越来越多。从思想政治教育与经济的关系、思想政治教育是否有经济价值、企业文化与思想政治教育的关系以及思想政治教育与生产力的关系四个方面可以看出当前思想政治教育的经济价值观点的研究成果。     

职业教育专业教学资源库研究综述

职业教育专业教学资源库的研究主要集中于教学资源库的内涵、教学资源库的建设、教学资源库的管理三个方面。研究内容广泛,但缺乏系统性与深入性;研究方法多样,但缺乏定性与定量研究结合;研究理论薄弱,缺乏多学科视角分析。这些都反映出职业教育专业教学资源库研究的主要特征,也是未来职业教育专业教学资源库研究的关注重点。     

Developing a Reflective Practitioner Through the Connection Between Educational Research and Reflective Practices

This paper outlines the connection between qualitative research methods in education and teacher reflective practices as they relate to Valli’s (Reflective teacher education: cases and critiques. State University of New York Press, Albany, 1992; Peabody J Educ 72(1): 67–88, 1997) model of reflection. Using the authors’ own experiences in performing and guiding educational research, and existing research in the field of teacher education pertaining to reflective practitioners, explicit connections are made between the two paradigms. These connections illustrate the importance of integrating authentic research experiences into the teacher education curriculum outside the context of methods courses, much like models established in the sciences.     

贫困县乡村学前教育精准扶贫政策研究进展及其发展趋势

目前学界对国内外贫困县乡村教育精准扶贫脱贫政策的研究,国外主要注重贫困区域学前教育补偿、支持性政策研究,国内则集中于乡村学前教育发展的战略地位与作用、教育的人力资本投资与财政经费投入、政策文本内容等方面。通过以往研究成果的梳理,结合贫困县乡村学前教育精准扶贫政策研究的需求,未来此项研究的趋势主要有四个方向:一是拓宽贫困县乡村学前教育政策研究视角、突出时代特色;二是加强贫困县乡村学前教育政策研究内容的理论化、系统化;三是注重贫困县乡村学前教育政策研究方法的突破与创新;四是亟需加强贫困县乡村学前教育研究队伍的建设与发展。     

Towards creating an inclusive community of researchers: the first three years of the North American Association for Environmental Education research symposium

This article uses a series of interlinked, personal vignettes to discuss the first three years of the North American Association for Environmental Education research symposium, from the perspectives of the key organizers. Seven challenges in the field of environmental education research are identified in a recent historical context, and we illustrate how the symposium sought to address them. The challenges were, that: (i) environmental education research has been marginalized in some areas and not recognized in others; (ii) environmental education research and environmental education practice need to be brought closer together; (iii) environmental education research is still in early development of a professional perspective; (iv) environmental education research has to give a voice to early career scholars and graduate students; (v) environmental education research needs to enable discourse about both process and outcomes; (vi) environmental education researchers need social learning contexts to help develop professional identities and create more meaningful dialogue to address these challenges; and (vii) methodologies, theoretical frameworks and differences in beliefs in environmental education research need to be accommodated. The last challenge is seen as the most significant with which to continue to engage, in developing open, inclusive forums for researchers of environmental education.     

Outdoor education in rural primary schools in New Zealand: a narrative inquiry

ABSTRACT

This research examines teaching outdoor education in two rural primary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim was to give ‘voice’ to how outdoor education is taught, programmed and understood. Underpinning the research was the question: what factors enable/constrain teachers’ ability to implement outdoor education? The findings suggest: confusion about outdoor education terminology and the educative purpose of school ‘camps’; schools ‘do what they have always done’, particularly when decisions about outdoor education contexts are dominated by senior management; financial restrictions; and teachers feeling ill-prepared in terms of safety management because of their limited pre-service and post-service teacher education. This research highlights that what to teach, how to teach and where to teach outdoor education needs more consideration and attention for teachers to be better informed about safe outdoor practices and quality pedagogy in, for and about the outdoors.     

教育研究的“主义”论述与知识学方式的分野

从“主义”论述到知识学方式实在、客观地表达了近年来教育研究的一种时代转向。这一转向从以下的研究分野中清晰地呈现出来：（1）论者的话语位置；（2）论述方式或手段；（3）研究者的态度。同时，也标示出我国目前的教育研究切人了教育研究的本质。